 Carbon nanostructures, CNSs, are promising materials for use in antimicrobial applications due to their unique mechanical, electronic, and biological properties. Recent research has focused on understanding how CNSs interact with microorganisms to assess their potential as antibacterial agents. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the interactions between CNSs and microbes, focusing on the physical, chemical, and electrical effects of CNSs on cells. This article was authored by Ahmed Al-Jameili, Serjith Alancheri, Katarina Bazaqa, and others.