 Good morning everyone. Hello everyone in the room. Hello everyone watching online or on catch-up at whatever speed you're using Yeah,大家好,大家好. Salamat datang Welcome to my session. I'm Derek Chan. I'm a bureaucrat and administrator of the Cantonese Wikipedia And today I will talk about the history of the Cantonese Wikipedia a summary of the 17 years of it and how it interacts with the written Cantonese literary movements and the wider Wikipedia movements and To start with I want to ask you all a question How many of you went to a school where you speak and write in different languages within the same class? Yeah, we'll get some hands in the room If that's you You're not alone Hong Kong is Educating everybody like that in the education system in Hong Kong we are taught to be Biliterate and trilingual What that means is that in terms of written languages? We are taught English and written Chinese But in spoken languages, we are taught English and then we're taught Spoken Cantonese and spoken Mandarin or Putonghua So in the education system, we learn that the languages map to each other like what English is English Whereas standard written Chinese maps to both Cantonese and Putonghua, but grammatically is closer to Putonghua And so people have this sense that actually you can write Cantonese verbatim But that's discouraged in the school system So the example sentence I've got here is that in English the weather is good today the road is great today in Putonghua it would be You can also say that out loud in Cantonese 今天天气很好, but that is not the most natural way of speaking Cantonese Which would be 今天天气很好 If you wrote the last sentence in a school lesson, it will be marked as wrong You're writing in the vernacular not the written language And so it is in this background that the Cantonese Wikipedia was founded It was established in 2006 When the English and Chinese Wikipedia's were already thriving with immediate projects And so right from the start there were two main objections number one is Why are you doing a new addition that does not have benefit in spreading knowledge? Because everybody who is literate in written Cantonese are by the definition of the education system also literate in either standard English or standard Chinese probably both The second objection comes from more linguistic ignorance about the language environment of the Cantonese language and the place where it's spoken Some people say don't we have Chinese bracket Hong Kong already? What's the difference? And so in the early days of Cantonese Wikipedia there was a lot of emphasis on differentiation The community wanted to make sure we were different from the Chinese Wikipedia And I've highlighted on the slide on the left here some key differences in terminology where we chose to be different from standard Chinese For example, Chinese Wikipedia would say Xiaojiaopan whereas Cantonese Wikipedia would say Sibwai-man And there were lots of innovation in terms of the tools we used For example, we have our in-house traditional simplified Chinese conversion gadgets because unlike Chinese Wikipedia we wanted to do dialect compromise and have one written version and it's based on Chinese characters The choice of Chinese characters there was much experimentation with it with different literary movements trying to compete on what characters to use for the grammatical particles and slightly uncommon words that are only found in Cantonese And there were also experiments in phonetic orthography in terms of both how we transcribe the pronunciations of words and in the early days writing articles in Latin-based writing systems as well That carried on for a few years with the Cantonese Wikipedia basically being an experiment But a lot changed in 2014 when the big umbrella social movements happened in Hong Kong The big question there was Well, can Hong Kong have a new language identity a new cultural identity based on language? Some of you who are well versed in history might know that the popular mood in Hong Kong was very Chinese patriotic in the 1980s to the 2000s with Beijing Olympics as the peak of that But by 2014, politics has changed and much of the city was disillusioned with this patriotism So there was a need for a new identity and what better to put it on to as the local written language? And so in the few years after that, there was a big expansion in the Cantonese literary movement I've put in a few examples here Some of these are put in the links So we've got Yudin, which is a crowdsourced Cantonese dictionary that uses Cantonese to explain Cantonese We've got Gong Yu-Hot, which is a written Cantonese blog about education We've got Wu Hyeong, a literature magazine for the written Cantonese language We've got popular media that started using Cantonese in their written subtitles broad and standard Chinese and we've got translations of classical literature into Cantonese And the Cantonese Wikipedia is simply now one participant in one big literary movement And so in this time, there was much growth and convergence to popular culture Cantonese Wikipedia is no longer an experiment It's now a participant in the wider literary Cantonese movement So it converts towards prevalent orthography in Hong Kong media and the diaspora We adopt inter-wiki standards in technology and policies and we embrace a lot of cross-wiki innovation like wiki data info boxes here And I'd like to shout out to my fellow admins Dr. Gray-Woof, H7AC67C and Shinji Man who were alongside me in this journey of standardization and expansion And so here is an overview of key Cantonese Wikipedia policies So in order to promote article writing and content creation in a language that does not have a fully standardized written form we have a gentleman's agreement where each article is first come first serve Unless you're writing the whole thing from scratch please follow the orthography of the person who started that part of the article The second thing is we know we are small and most of our readers and writers are also fluent in English and standard Chinese and therefore there is a tendency to in fact there is an official policy to defer to English Wikipedia policies and then Chinese Wikipedia policies in that order unless a local policy has been ratified And the third thing is we really embrace global features like wiki data info boxes as I've spoken about and you can see in the middle there the inclusion policy or the notability criterion is officially based on the English and Chinese policies with a few local modifications So where do we go from here? Well the Cantonese Wikipedia has a small but active community we want to stay relevant in the wider literary Cantonese movements But one new challenge and opportunity that has arisen is the fact that all the political changes since 2019 happened and there is now both social change in Hong Kong itself and mass movements of people mainly from Hong Kong to Western mostly English-speaking countries So there is now a growing diaspora who are strongly Cantonese in their identity and less so identifying as Chinese but they want to preserve some kind of Hong Kong or Cantonese heritage So this diaspora is looking for Cantonese teaching material and Wikipedia as a member of this movement hopefully will be able to both contribute to that emerging standardization of Cantonese language education and also in turn be influenced by the standardization of written Cantonese and therefore move towards more professional presentations of like particular social science and scientific content on Cantonese Wikipedia And my last request for anybody from Wikimedia Foundation Technology who is reading this presentation right now we have had this problem since 2006 when Cantonese Wikipedia was founded Language Cooks weren't properly standardized and so we had this ZH prefix in front of our domain name The correct language cook for Cantonese is why you eat if you can change the domain name which has been installed bug for the last 10 plus years please listen to me and fix it right now Thank you so much Schedule, ordinary that Derek is paired with Australian sessions and my sessions is paired with I think the Amis or the Puyo Ma sessions and we insist that we both two soft and cynical language should be one by one and now that we have we successfully pursue the program community to have a more realistic sessions schedule That's great Is there an who's the next presentation?