 European countries have been relying heavily on fossil fuels for decades, leading to significant environmental damage from air pollution and global warming. However, these countries are now taking steps to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and transition towards more sustainable sources of energy. These efforts include international agreements, national policies and the implementation of the circular economy strategy. Despite these efforts, Europe still faces a shortage of non-renewable resources and must find alternative sources of energy to ensure long-term sustainability. This article was authored by Florinda Martins, Carlos Felgueres, Moroslava Smikova and others.