함께. I, Phasfervertasarya Department of Philosophy Going to Take a class of semester one Unit 1 Neither Of Formal Logic So, we will study Basics and tips and basic points how it is to combine formal logic the relation between logic and deductive argument explain the concept of symbolic logic and finally describe the relationship of form and matter in logic before going on to this topic NASA of formal logic you have to know that what is logic logic is regarded as the branch of philosophy the term logic is derived from the greek word logos which means thought or reasoning it is a study of reasoning reasoning is a special kind of thinking called inferring in which we arrive at a certain proposition on the basis of certain other propositions the proposition which we arrive at is called the conclusion and the proposition or propositions from which we arrive at the conclusion are called the premise or premises their learners thus reasoning is a kind of thinking in which conclusions are drawn from premises corresponding to every possible inference there is an argument every argument has a structure it consists of premise and conclusion premises provide support for the truth of the conclusion their learners this is the very basic thing you have to know that what is logic their learners now you have to know that what is formal logic formal logic is concerned exclusively with the principles of deductive reasoning and formal logic is concerned with the forms rather than with the content of propositions deductive logic is formal logic as opposed to inductive logic which is non-formal logic or material logic their learners deductive logic is formal logic as the term validity which is applicable to any kind of deductive argument implies only formal validity the concept logical form is central to logic as the validity of an argument is determined by its logical form and not by its content on subject matter their learners Aristotelian logic is a formal logic now their learners you have to know that the relationship between logic and deductive argument deductive argument is characterized as one in which the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises an argument is valid if the conclusion follows which strict necessity from the propositions known as premises in a valid argument it is inconsistent to assert the premises as true and to assert the conclusion as false that is to deny the conclusion logic is the science of reduction their learners its aim is to find out whether inferences or arguments are valid or invalid it aims to provide systematic means for telling whether given conclusion do or do not follow from the given premises their learners logic is primarily concerned with the correctness or incorrectness of arguments the distinction between correct and incorrect argument is the central problem with which logic deals they have developed certain methods and principles of logic primarily to make this distinction clear their learners logic was established as a formal discipline by Aristotel Aristotel systems of logic is a formal logic Aristotelian study of syllogism focused on arguments containing propositions of a special kind called categorical propositions categorical propositions or syllogisms consist of categorical propositions and categorical propositions consist of subject, predicate and recopula in Aristotelian logic the letters S and P represent the subject and the predicate terms respectively thus letters capital S, capital P, capital M etc are used as variables universal affirmative propositions is of the form all as RP and universal negative propositions is of the form no as RP and likewise particular affirmative and particular negative propositions are of the form some as RP and some as are not P respectively different valid moods of different figures like Barbara, Siller and etc of Aristotelian logic are examples of formal validity their learners after going through this previous concept you have to taste yourself and there are some question frame for you like that fill up the blanks the first one the term logic is derived from the Greek word you choose the word or you find out the word what is the answer of this the term logic is derived from the Greek word you find out the word the second one very objective questions that is what is reasoning and what is formal logic and what is deductive argument