 My name is Jiang Kun and from China, China National Forestry Economics and Development Research Center. We call that FEDRC. In the late 1990s we have several floods and droughts happened in China in the major river basin so that makes lots of loss of the human life and property loss. So that's the main driver to to let the central government of China implement several big and important forestry programs including the commercial cropland to forest program. It started in 1999 as a pilot project in three provinces first to do the test and then in 2002 it started all over the country. FEDRC is a think tank for the state forestry administration. We do the policy analysis and do the forestry economic research. But since the key forestry program implemented in 2003 FEDRC started thinking though all those key forestry program has a lot a large amount of investments so we need to monitoring how the policy is implemented as it's planned and how the impacts effects of the policy. That's why we started to monitoring the key forestry programs. There are four and including the CCFP program. Actually in the you know China developed economy very late like late 1970s actually the the major years is in the 1980s and 1990s but after 20 years economic development we can see a very serious ecological problem. So actually before that we also have the reforestation of forestry programs but as I said in the late 1990s we have serious environmental problems and that's strengthening central government's resolution to restore the ecological environment. But I would like to say yeah most of the forestry programs forest policies may have positive effects but not all are successful as we originally planned original plans but CCFP is especially very successful is because it's benefit the farmers directly and actually the local government also welcome this policy because it's improved their local ecological situation. So it's a win-win policy for different layers central government's local government and the grassland grass roots households in the rural area. For our monitoring data it's very important to we including many indicators to reflect the social and economic impacts of CCFP and the most important and most interesting data is from the households. We have different layer households data and village data and county data so we almost including the data considering the institutional settings considering the households that you know the most important shareholders perception. Yeah it's really positive. These data I have to I have to remind you the other poverty rate in the monitored 100 sample counties. Actually we haven't compared with the whole country's poverty rate you know as the economic development the whole country's poverty rate is decreased actually so but especially in the CCFP counties CCFP areas this is especially to relieve the poverty in the rural area those those area those households are most important poor families most located there. Yeah on farm we think all the agriculture management operation it means farmers has has to stay at home to to to do the farming and all farm we we think not doing the cropland and farming work you you go outside to do some business and to to to do the construction work some needs some skills all those. CCFP we think it has two important influence on the all farm employment is one is once people change from the cropland to the forestry you know the forestry don't need intensive management as the cropland need needed so it saves the household time you can have more time relax relax time and another one we from our data it showed if you have a large area of the CCFP land at home and the farmers the households have to make their decision what kind of two species can make a quicker return from the land management so they may thinking to manage the CCFP land to get higher profits from that so it may need more efforts to work so what we can see the forestry in the rural area sometimes it's do supply the work for the farmers at the beginning it's the CCFP policy do require the they have several standards one standard is the converted land has to be the cropland above the 25 degree slopes so and those area it's actually those land is has a lower productivity actually it's a it's a you know it's a it's a not helpful for not have too much for the food grain production and so that that's the original plan you have to convert those slopey land to the forestry at the beginning it's the the most important purpose is to improve the ecological situation in those mountainous area and and also those area is has a serious and the weak ecological environment that's that so the first important purpose of CCFP is to improve ecological situation and it required you when you planted trees 80% of the tree species has to be ecological tree species that's one of the most important factors to drive the farmers to support farmers to participate this this program enthusiastically in 1999 or early 2000 those income of those households not too much so so the subsidy incentive is really attractive for the rural households and from our data you can see yesterday the our CCFP subsidy accounts for about almost 20% of the whole household income the first round of CCFP the subsidy is 16 years the new round we started a new round in other area it's five years for the forest and and and so we yeah some some questions how far how long we can subsidize the the the farmers for their converting the crop land to forest or for their planting trees I I had asked some officials who manage the other ministry the CCFP business in SFA they said once we decided to to do this program so the central government have the have their resolution to make it long as long as they can so so far we we don't know because the economic is economic development is slow down but but the the whole situation is still becoming better and better I mean from the economic terms so we think since ecological situation in ecological improvement is a very important purpose of Chinese governments of Chinese people it's a it's it's a very it's a most important requirement of Chinese people right now so we think we can continue this yeah that's why our project coming to Ethiopia and the one we our purpose is to share our experiences and lessons and maybe we can because China the government of China and Ethiopia is also closely and cooperated with each other on many ways economic development and and also the ecological construction so we think we think I think we can help and exchange our experiences and to to help in some way economic incentive is very important but it's it's not the only incentive it's not an only factor to encourage the local people to participate the ecological restoration you have others you like tenure shape you you can allow them to benefit from their participation like the they can they can they can have a profit of managing managing their forest for CCFP land once you converted from the crop land to forestry and we will issue a certificate of the forest rights forest management rights for that land that means you can have that land at least 70 years so you you have the you have the right to to own all the profits and the production produced in that piece of land I think it's a it's very nice country and friendly and very polite of the people and I can see the yes you on the way of developing their economy I hope they can develop their economy environmentally friendly environmental friendly way from yesterday I do learned a lot from different countries and they have different experiences and the lessons I think I think it's a from yesterday's meeting I think it's almost satisfy my requirements for what the other countries do their FLR so I expect we can have the common issues and we can exchange our lessons and the experiences and to do the comparative study among these countries Ethiopia they have they introduced how they manage their natural forest and how they can encourage their local people to to to meet their goals of restoring a large amount of the better land to reforest those lands I still expect their detailed information of those and how the local people and local community can benefit from those reforestation program and to encourage them participate positively Nepal they are have they are on the way of community forest management somehow like back to China's forestry history it's like 1980s we have a long history of similar like community forestry management so I would like to discuss with them in details and to see avoid the some lessons we met in China before and Peru they have different way and I would see the they said how the small holders participate in the forest program you know integrate the small holders that means the management cost was that operation cost will be higher we'll see how the institutional setting can be more efficient and can include more small hard holders to participate this forest land landscape restoration yeah yesterday I introduced the impacts of the CCFP we would like to introduce the institutional setting and the tenure shape tenure shape reform and also those allocation of the subsidy allocation system of the subsidy our inspection system all these factors positively influence or positively and to make the CCFP successful so we would like to introduce our audience other researchers more experiences of this challenges as we all discussed yesterday that that's a big country it's a varied different places and different regions and including the weather including the ecological situation including the social situation economic situation and even people's beliefs so so far we think the challenge is how to use we usually use several uniformed policies to cover the whole area and the whole country so we try to be we try to be varied in different places but it's hard it's hard I think in recent years that the government that decision makers they they are more rely on the studies rely on the research results for their scientific technical supports so CFO is a is a famous scientific research forest research group in the world we are we were we are really happy to work together with their help we improved our monitoring system and also we also educated our researchers how to collect data how to interview the interviewer here and in many ways they are supporting by their scientific skills