 civil society. In this session, we are going to discuss the topic of civil society. Firstly, we have to define what is the actual concept of civil society and how we can understand this concept of civil society with context of political sociology. So, civil society can be understood as the third sector of society distinct from government. It is different from government. It is different from the concept of government. And as well as the other side of business, the other aspects of government are different from that. Including the family and the private sphere also. So, some authors define civil society as that civil society is used in the sense of the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that manifest interests and will of citizens. In civil society, in the real world, there are all kinds of students who want to reach the government, but they do not have any other voice. So, we can say that civil society is a voice of the society that communicates people's needs and needs to communicate to the government in a reasonable manner. So, civil society roles are some roles in civil society. So, we can say that service provider, for example, running primary schools and providing basic community health care service. It is a very important role of civil society. So, I advocate the campaigner of the individuals and the demands by the people. Demands can be regarding environment, demands can be regarding the human rights situation and civil society try to pressurize the government regarding various issues. So, civil society can be a watchdog specifically regarding the exploitation of human rights or violation of human rights. So, civil society roles are usually of service provider, watchdog, and to carry the demands by the society towards the government. And other important role of civil society is building active citizenship, for example, motivating civic engagement at the local level and engagement with the local, regional and national level. So, civil society has a very important role. So, another important role of civil society is building active citizenship, for example, in the first day of the civil society, where the public has a direct access to the public's local self-government concept. So, another important role is that participating in global governance. With the passage of time, even global level issues are being included, where the role of civil society is increasing. For example, we see the issue of climate. For example, we see that the issue of population and urbanization is not limited to just one state. In fact, the impact of their intensity is expanding. For example, the globalization concept is increasing, like the interaction between people, the communication is increasing. Similarly, the role of civil society is also in the context of globalization, in all these issues, the climate, the environment, and the people's will, that is the role of civil society.