 Good morning. Clearly people come back but so far the cyber sphere is a little less popular than Asia as people people may be more interested in where they see crises and potential risks of war. Can I just try to get your attention saying that we have a kind of daily wars in the cyber sphere so it would be worth our attention. So I'm honored to facilitate this session. My name is Paul Hermelin. I run Capgemini which is a large consultancy French based and before that I've spent 15 years in the public service in France so kind of a double culture. We have a prestigious speaker, Mr. Carl Bilt, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Sweden and was a Prime Minister in Sweden for several years. Then Mr. Chang who runs a media company in Korea and Mr. Mayor Shetrit who is a member of the Knesset in Israel and knows particularly well the security issues that Israel faces. So I'd like to start with a little introduction. I think the here the name is cyberspace when the cyber refers to cybernetics and robotics. Personally I would use the word infosphere because it's the sphere of information and I want to say we should try to address the question with the direction that Thierry has put for this conference which is the global governance question. The cybersphere is moving extremely fast. Today it's probably one of the major determination of all society in terms of contribution to the GDP growth. I think people do not necessarily know it and we should not be proud of that but the information sphere is at the origin of 10% of the carbon emission on the planet. So nothing to be proud of but it's a significant factor behind of course a transportation and a few other but it's growing. We have we probably attract a very fast growing number of hours of the population that spends today more hours in front of their mobile device and PC than in front of television in emerged economies. So today we are the first leisure of mankind and the infosphere has been a change agent notably everybody would speak of the Arab Spring and the speed of communication through the internet but people also would refer to the famous new models of campaigning showed by notably the Democrats in the Obama campaign where the internet has become an extraordinary vehicle for communication and conviction and winning democratic battle. So what are the key features of that infosphere? First it's truly shaped and dominated by innovation and innovation led by private cooperation. First big wave was the emergence of personal computing and personal computing was a combination of of course IBM in that invented the PC followed by Microsoft that led to a big domination of what people at the moment in time were calling Wintel. Wintel was the contraction of Windows and Intel so Windows was Microsoft the operation the operational system operating system and Intel that manufactured chips that were found in most PC. Now I think I watched the audience most of you communicate while being here through a smart device you can call that mobile phone but I would just say these are the new interface into the web sphere it's clear that we are connected all the time and notably one of the problem that we private employer face is when we recruit what we use what we now call the generation Y but they will be soon a generation Z and I don't know what will be the next letter our employee remain connected even during working hours when you can't prevent a young I would call that netizens the citizens of the net to remain on the net and connected at any point in time and he would be coming connected to his community let's call it the LinkedIn or Facebook but these are the innovation driver what were so far what are so far the only attempt for a public governance of course the news flow is full of the post Snowden earthquake because people could probably guess it but of course we saw one of the superpower trying to I would say collect intelligence of what are the you know information that flow on the Internet and try to control it this has triggered a shockwave that will not and we'll come back on that so we have in the US the combination of massive private innovation and an attempt by the US federal state to remain in control and be in a position to scrutinize first get to know intelligence scrutinize of course manage the data and now the big tools that we call big data allow people to collect data and build intelligent information out of that I would mention also the other superpower the Chinese one that tries more to build barriers walls and protection to be immune against that potential information invasion but if you look deeper into what is the Internet governance it's very interesting to look at the worldwide web governance itself technically the first thing is the first body that was designed is called the Internet architecture board so it was designed by techies so the first thing they thought about was how to maintain the integrity of the architecture of the Internet the second body is the Internet engineering steering group so still engineers dealing with their technical problem and as a third body you find what is a truly attempt to do a global governance which is called the Internet society the ISOC and the Internet society defines itself as and that's the challenge for today a non-profit non-governmental international of gathering of professional member that feel in charge of standards technology education and policy issues so the people that feel empowered of managing all the political issues of that gigantic sphere of communication that mankind has invented are a gathering of non-governmental international individual that think they drive the future of that sphere and that's I think is the challenge I just remind everybody in 2011 President Sarkozy that was driving the G8 tried to convene what we had called at the time a eG8 e referring to electronic the e-business the eG8 in May 2011 and I attended that conference and it was a strange confrontation between some governmental representative and most of the business leaders trying to find a compromise and frankly the conclusion of the eG8 were rather shy rather limited I think the conclusion as always with these diplomatic document was a common agreement that we need to give a new impetus for freedom and democracy that goes without saying but why not and trying to articulate what could be the bridge basic principle of that information sphere first freedom second respect for privacy and we'll take later of that about that respect of intellectual property there you saw the large US corporation claiming for keep the ownership of their innovation accept multiplayer governance the principle is nice but one stated nobody knows what it truly means as I referred to the internet society a big claim for cyber security and protection against crime as I told you I attended this works and conference and notably very interesting meeting between President Sarkozy and several US leader and what is striking is in the infosphere any attempt to regulate our control has become obsolete before the attempt even gets an approval at international level there was recently an attempt in the other EU level to regulate the data treatment and transfer and notably how data can should be handled and potentially transported out of the EU physical borders and there was a EU summit commit this time by the French president Francois Hollande and their main decision was they could not agree on a precise principle so they postponed the question to 2015 so it just show that the speed of international regulation and global governance just don't do not match the speed of innovation because what is seen as key today will become obsolete very soon and I think that's the the main challenge of that info sphere is the discontinuity between the pace the majesty of international governance and the way in a technical innovation blossom I just a few days ago I think it was a Facebook that try to buy something that has no revenue called a snapshot I don't know if you heard of that but youngsters in the US send some video and some time this video can be a provocative so a snapshot had invented a new method where the little video self destroy after 15 seconds to protect privacy and I think the rumor is that the Facebook offer $2 billion to buy snapshots and the snapshot owner refused by the way the strange thing is they are already application available be there on the Apple standard or Android group standard that if you get a snapshot video you instantly copy it on your PC so that it cannot be destroyed because you have safeguarded it and stored it on your PC before the system even destroys it just show you the crazy figures the speed of innovation and the counter reaction which make it very difficult to regulate so we are in a world of entrepreneur but also not only the nice little entrepreneur we have a very large corporation people just wonder if Google will not invent the new automotive I know they are working on a Google car that refer to automated car where people would give the control of their car to the system and Google is able to do that thanks to their gigantic position in the infosphere but more difficult we are in front of netizens youngsters that have been born in that world and not do not necessarily understand what we call privacy I just say I've asked my daughter if she didn't feel at risk to put so many information on her Facebook profile just wondering if one day she won't regret it because possibly let's say an employer would have access to a lot of private information and her answer was if I do the don't do that then the employer will find I'm a very secretive person and would not hire me versus other people that share the same information so it's a new world it's a new world with new behavior and I'd like to end my introduction with something that I found mostly paradoxical I don't know if you pay attention to that but on December 9 so only a very few years ago a few companies but when I will give you the least it's quite impressive challenge the US government thinking that the spying of the internet was harming their performance and their business so the way they say it was people won't use technology they don't trust government have put this trust at risk and government need to help restore it what they meant is all everything we heard about spying communication is harming their ability to do business and the list of company that issued that challenge to the US government was Microsoft Google AOL Twitter Facebook Yahoo Apple and LinkedIn so see all the net giants thought that their business is more important than privacy then security and said to the government the US government the way you control the way you are now known to control and somewhat spy communication harm the trust of the people the netizens in our technology and you are harming us I do not know of the US society will overcome that contradiction it's very clear that what was very new but we see today I think that that's why I thought the theory was absolutely right to put this at the heart of this conference the main problem of that growing share of our society is how can we build a government that will not only look backward and look at control but will be able to manage the contradiction between the speed of innovation and the space of the trial the attempt to build any rule regulation that will not destroy innovation I think that's an introduction to our debate and now I will leave the floor to mr. Chang we have today two representative of the private world mr. Chang from Korea from a media group and then to representative of the potential regulators the public world mr. Mr. Bill so mr. Chang I leave the floor to you good morning I am comfortable here taking the podium and stand and speak to you okay the moderator told us lots of introduction and many new applications and I continue from his remarks and the title of my presentation this morning is media in the digital ecosystem briefly introducing myself I print about one million copies daily it's a business newspaper and I own two channels broadcasting channels on cable network and I also have a service to internet internet so my audience daily audience turns out to be about 10 million to 15 million and so I challenge many problems in the cyberspace and I try to summarize some words what's happening in this media business and I came out with the four words change challenge choice and chance and I go over these you know problems okay change the moderator just said the speed of change is enormous your societies are changing much faster than you think so the media's job media service must be instantaneous and real-time delivery must be your service and let's look at this picture the picture was taken 2005 at the St. Peter's Square somebody in your journalism school might have seen this picture and you know the crowds gather here for paper conclavies rather you know emotionless on the right-hand side there's only one person taking a picture with the smartphone but moved to the this year 2013 when Pope Francis became a Pope at the same square same St. Peter's Square you might think everyone's holding a candle to commemorate new Pope but they are having this smartphone the one in the middle I'm here's this big tablet PC so lots of change is happening in the media industry and let's look at this Jeff Bezos of Amazon this bold man purchase the most respected newspaper in the United States for only 250 million dollars if the price was that low I could even challenge him to purchase this respected Washington Post friend of mine talked to Graham family I mean sending him giving him condolence you know unloading his family business for 136 years and Mr. Graham told my friend he's quite happy to get rid of this newspaper but the price was too low many newspapers many news media is owned by family but these families getting rid of this businesses like the World Street Journal went to model and the Washington Post Amazon and the Poston Globe is on sale now and Forbes magazine Forbes magazine is a great magazine is on sale again Forbes family ran this magazine they are sort of tired of making magazines and you know that the business week magazine was went to Bloomberg service and Huffington Post Adriana Huffington founded this online newspaper now it's owned by AOL this lady's smiling because the social network called Tumblr was acquired by Yahoo and Yahoo paid 1.1 billion US dollars so these two episodes symbolize the change in the landscape of the media industry okay and we all know that stories from Egypt and Tunisia when Arab Spring happened people said people didn't say that CNN will come and broadcast our revolution but they said this revolution will be tweeted to everywhere broadcasting is disappearing Twitter is overtaking broadcasting so newspapers television might disappear Bill Gates said that more than 15 years ago I was very worried 15 years ago at Davos when I heard that story but I'm still here I'm not making billions of dollars like younger ones but I'm still here but look at the current trend of newspaper circulation it's coming down the orange bar orange is orange represents Asian circulation Asia took over the green one green one was United Europe and the blue one next to it is United States year 2008 Europe used to be the largest newspaper market but this is changing and what about the advertising revenue okay Asian markets now is as big as United States Europe a little bit below that so who took the money from newspapers or print made media I would say it's Google Facebook and Twitter publishers like me we call them enemies of newspapers okay this young guy Zuckerberg of Facebook he said we want to give people the best personalized newspaper personalized newspaper meaning customized newspaper you don't want to read articles you don't like you only like to read articles you are fond of so again younger generation this one with lots of hair on hand making good money and the Google Google dominates the internet world this can be a problem for every society or sometimes monopolizing the market more than 70% 80% we all know that what happened to AT&T in the United States breaking up of business organization could be an answer or maybe not an answer or the Google should be more prosperous and bigger and bigger we don't know the answer yet but the one thing I'm sure is that the Google says news must be free to use this this kind of comment is hated by most of publishers around the world then we are concerned with the quality journalism at stake many of you remember that superman was journalist he was a reporter at one of the newspaper company in New York I think but even Superman cannot easily save newspapers these days so who's gonna check and balance the unrestrained power this will be the great challenge for the internet society now go to choice I choice I meant the business opportunity for print media there are many ideas coming up how we're gonna cope with this new business media environment number one is monetization why should people don't pay anything to us like in my case I have about 600 journalists who work for me I mean these people work day and night they are extremely determined to service the country but why should their contents must be free I disagree with you know free contents to everyone in United States about 48% of publishers have a paid content model going on and there are many newspapers talking about becoming mobile we have mobile best strategy this newsroom is Fox news Fox news company newsroom they try to integrate and print online service and mobile at the same time so their screen is much bigger than your small iPad so in my case too I tried to integrate newspapers to TV channels internet service and mobile but I learned that people have different skills print journalists cannot easily become television journalist or they cannot become easily mobile journalist so we journalists have a limited capability capacity to do only one thing at a time and the big data we are moving toward the big data society and this cartoon is that trying to tell you that newsroom might have what marketers want and like the New York Times they're retargeting the services they closely track the newspaper website visitors for the marketing services and real-time and bidding system to people is an illustration what's happening in this picture and we all know that Google's challenging new services this is Google Glass trying to report the crime scene real-time online to the newsroom okay and some of you might have bought the Samsung Galaxy Gear with the wearable watch on your hand these new media devices becoming a killer application again robots will appear myself I myself is interested in computer-driven journalism can I save on human being cost can I have my computer write articles it's near and we have drone flying over mostly Middle East fighting against terrorism but the next Pope conclavate I believe that the drone will show up drone equipped with the camera and show up I tried to use this drone in Korea but Korea is facing North Korea in militaristic confrontation I learned that I'm not allowed to use drone in the city but outside of city maybe I could use drone journalism okay the New York Times won the Pulitzer Prize by giving a multimedia journalism it's nothing new just try to mix video data photo infographics and you finally comes out with a finished article okay so media people especially print media is not just sitting like dog we'll try to look for chance and business opportunity and I have a bezel again here he talks about the future of the newspaper he many newspaper publishers wonder why bezels of Amazon purchased Washington Post what's his big idea for the next stage and bezel likes to have a real personal media I mean he's waving his trophy Washington post so we are closely watching him what will be his new business profit model in the future I know everyone interested in social network views but people analyze that 95% of information exposed by Twitter is noise so people want verified articles with accuracy and authority and we don't like rumors just simple rumors we want to have authoritative news coming from major news company authenticity legitimacy sincerity is the ones we like to look into cyberspace and what about digital dementia and I know you people sitting here connecting the smartphones with your office and giving orders to your secretaries and listening to music you're using multimedia and multitasking and you are exposed to digital dementia so try to read print paper newspaper will filter out all kinds of rumors news coming out of new devices so I'm a little bit optimistic that good newspapers will survive through the next generation and continuously look for business opportunity and media is a communication I think it will last as long as mankind exist and I finally come up with the future of media let's look at this diagram okay newspaper must make money to service good journalists okay monetization is going to be the real problem for most of the newspapers and we have technology disruption coming so mobile social big data how we're going to adapt to these new technologies and the human values are important humanistic value they make great journalists after all journalist human beings with the good ideas so putting together three of these area I think innovation will come for the next newspapers before I was coming to shalt go and continue to Monaco last week Google people came to see me I don't like Google people I told you they are the enemies of newspapers but they want to live together with print media he they suggested the Google application Google Docs moderator talked about it and cloud service and Google hangout maybe in five years from now professor Montreal you don't have to get all these people here together we just go to Google hangout and have a conference and you save lots of money there and snapchat okay you talked about snapchat that's another device and what about flipboard okay this is another SNS service and one of the interesting new service comes out as Evernote Evernote is an application it's a private search engine and it may become your external brain your brain has a limited capacity but now by using the cloud service everywhere your brain capacity expands immensely okay and again 75 billion users already using this Evernote lastly last page please okay this is a comment by Eric Schmidt Eric Schmidt of Google he comes to visit Korea once a year snooping around make sure that Google is the still the number one make sure that the Samsung is behind he said right now about two billion people around globe has internet accessed but his mission is to have five billion people okay I only have like a 15 million audience and Google's talking about five billion people so we are living in the Internet of everything Internet of everything society is a network of smart devices that communicate each other with a little human intervention to data centers wearable products and new devices so-and-so I think there will be no privacy no humanity machine to machine society might prevail driving cars I mean driverless cars is already on the road they've been testing this cars for several years back okay so I think let's get prepared to M2M society machine to machine society good luck thank you good morning I'm glad again to be here it is wonderful to be with you again in this panel and you heard now from my from my colleague some of the benefits of the internet it makes our life much more easier much more comfortable much more excessive to everywhere I would like to show you some of the downsides of the internet and you know the modern battlefield had been changed very drastically the battle today is not only airplanes tanks or infantry part of the game of the game today part of the war is what they call the cyber war warriors or cyber war since the middle of the 90s we see this cyber war in different places in the world as I will in a few minutes show you examples the two targets of this war of the cyber war is to paralyze sites that's the way it started and to leave a signature in those sites in order to show you that they have been there you are transparent we can get in whenever you want and do whatever you want is what mean of paralyzing sites the second is of course making damages to infrastructures on the second Lebanese war we have Israel in Israel with the Hezbollah we've seen a lot of hackers attacking Israeli sites very strongly this reaction many Israeli hackers attacks the Hezbollah sites and we saw during the on real time we saw the damages in both sides which try I'm trying to say is that today in order to make a state collapse you don't need to conquer it or to go in with your army you don't need tank you don't need airplanes all you need is a computer and a keyboard and we're not far away from there in the summer of 2007 a story I had been attacked by hackers people think there are Russians and the state was collapsed all their infrastructure was collapsed communication stop working banks electricity and that was just one demonstration of what we can do what can you do with a cyber war you can really create situation of paralyzing totally state you know one of the aims of hackers today is to have such control over a state that they can use it for extra for just for making money by aiming like if they if somebody will pick a telephone to one of the leaders of a state aiming that if he did not do such as such for example don't pay to him few hundred million dollars he will paralyze his state it is a big big power to someone to do it and it's not impossible so part of their aim of those hackers is to have such a control over states try to extract to extract to try to get from it money from different countries I would like to show you view some Israel experience we living as you know in a very difficult neighborhood I'd like to share with you some of our experience about the cyber what we're doing towards it I want to share it to you because I think everybody have to take it in consideration in your countries we establish the INC CB what called Israel National Cyber Bureau it had been established a few years ago and the idea of this cyber bureau was established in the government decided on it formally in 2012 but in matter of fact we started to establish it few years ago five or six years ago there are many organizations had been built up in this bureau there are many units as well and the security services and the defense ministry and all of it is under the authority of the Prime Minister I try to explain why it's not only matter of defense because if it was only if it was only security all those units supposed to be in this defense ministry as I said we can you can suffer from a big damages in order all your infrastructure therefore you need to protect those infrastructures and if in order to protect it it's not enough to operate a person or two or three or one unit you have to look in a very large system which mean you need always to prepare your warriors in order to protect your internet and your sites and your infrastructure you have to in order to do it you have to develop all the time new technologies in order to develop new technologies your research in order to have right research unit have a very big quantities of students who studying physics mathematics in a very high level so you have to take care of many many systems in your country in order to be ready and to be in a war in the right wordness and have the ability to protect and to offense if you need it that's the reason why we put it under the authority of the Prime Minister because you need somebody who have the power really to move those systems ahead what are the main traits as I said one of them is the IT protection IT of the government you know every government have a government sites that people can use to connect with the government having services etc if somebody attacked it they can paralyze the operation of this government towards the people second in the main infrastructure protection now you know that today most of the infrastructure elements are controlled by computers and if you can get to those computers you can do whatever you want in those systems suppose I give you just an example suppose that you just taking control over the light system on the roads of the country and you can change it the way you like you put everyone of them green it will be disaster it's about a simple thing as well you can totally paralyze all the production of electricity in a country if you get into the computers that supervise electrical power plants and of course the same goes with the nuclear power plants if you can get to those computers you can touch and make a big damages everywhere so protecting this infrastructure is very crucial to the possibility of a state really to keep on their own systems working that's the reason why many units have been established from our in our case there is a unit in the Ministry of Public Security which its responsibility is for protecting all the main infrastructure connected and supervised by computers as well there are special units which had been established in order to protect the government sites it like the government in Tejila which prevent possibility to attack those sites just to add one more point you have heard of course about the stop-neck worm that attacked the centrifuge in Iran it was a very very complicated virus which get into those centrifuge and make a big damages to the Iranian it took two years until the Iranian find out about this worm or this virus and the question was there is one question when you use when somebody use offense and using some virus how he prevent that this virus will not go back to his own systems so for example we're speaking about this stock net this virus was so sophisticated that he act only in certain type of centrifuge only those of Simmons from a certain type which are in Iran which mean if this virus was go to some other center Fox in different place different country will not work and of course so when they find it they send it to laboratory in Russia which find out and explode it to the world that it exists I give it an example because centrifuge is not managed there is no computer in the centrifuge it just and make mechanical machine with electrical engine which turn it very very very fast but those center facts are supervised by computer so if you can touch this computer you can of course making a big damages to those center facts that what happens in Iran a big very big damages what are the main traits the main cyber traits is to infrastructure as I said before the water electricity transportation banks stock market communication etc almost everything you can really parallelize the total country stats next as I explain now was just an example I would like to bring some more examples and at 2007 Edward Selden explore this a disclosure the attack over a story as I said before in June 2000 June 2010 and as I said the stocks next was working in Iran March of 2011 NASA admit that within two years 13 successful attacks had been launched against its computer and they lost to the code control over the net of the space space station in 29 of 5 20 29 28 of May 11 which isn't here is not I'm sorry it's it's a mistake a service of security the service of security company of Lockheed Martin had been attacked they didn't attack they had been attacked very seriously and in this attack find out that they took over from Lockheed Martin they took all the plans of the new jets f55 f35 very sophisticated weapons strategical weapons in the future everything had been taken by do those attacks and the suspicious was that the one who did it was the Chinese so somebody asked how they know that the Chinese because usually nobody is attacking really from sites in his own country is when everybody use a server a different country far away from here in order not to connect it there and this had been answered by Americans saying that in order to make such an attack of a local in Martin you need it is a place that people were thousands of people were working many years to write them so in order to really take over over them you need to work or hundreds of people for four years at least and the ability that somebody will operate hundreds of people working may four years in order to attack these sites is possible only by China go ahead and another some more examples September 2011 Iranian hackers broke into the computers of netherland information security company and forged documents that allow them to access to the science of the Mossad CIA and MI6 in December 2011 Saudian hackers announced that they download 400,000 Israelis credit card details as they spawned Israeli hackers struck into details of the Saudian credit cards which was a big fight at the time November 2011 hackers to control over the water pump system in Illinois in Texas not only to make damages but only to show United States that are not protected that there are exposure to any attack they want to do and in May 2012 the flame had been disclosure which is according to according to experts it is 20 times more sophisticated than the stocks net okay therefore we decided that we need an ecosystem in order to tackle all those problems you know it's not only matter of attacking it's it's not matter we're defending you have to have the both possibilities and you know you have to do it at once that the reason why you need ecosystem and not a different than stations we have to have a synchronized between all of them in Second World War Great Britain have three different parts of the Air Force one is protecting the seashore of England second to protect the skies of England and the third was to attack outside of England of course today it's impossible Air Force is one and therefore today is well we need that everything which work or deal with cyberspace will be in one hand synchronize very strongly in order not to prevent situation that just theoretically okay we would like to take some information from certain computers over there somewhere on the same time other unit of cyber will attack this computer to strike it to paralyze it that will be stupidity right we need this computer to stay alive you know if you want to take any information from it so net to have a very very good synchronization that's the reason why we need such an ecosystem and of course there are difficulties and obstacles to that in this way why regulation of course you need in order to have the ability to do such a thing you need regulation government have to make spatial legislation in order to allow the possibility of a government really to protect every infrastructure otherwise you cannot protect it even if you have the means and the possibility you cannot you cannot protect it in United States for example one of the problems of the government of United States they don't want to take responsibility over the protection let's say of the finance system private finance system because they say it's hurting privacy and therefore they don't want to take responsibility on it I think it's a mistake because it's really very possible and very easy to attack those those systems threadblocks suppose you go to a bank in Israel and said we want to protect your site against any attack from outside the bank said if people will know that you are taking protection it's me maybe you are looking in our mind count so it is hurting privacy again you need right legislation which will not hurt the privacy of people and still giving you the ability really to make such a protection over those sites and of course this is privacy is very important those are the obstacles now technology development changes in this technology in the regular technology takes 10 years 20 years look cars since the car had been invented you took many many years to make a real change in any special changing this technology in this technology of cyberspace a generation is one year and a half no more than that so you cannot take some expert to protect your country and forget it now for the next five or ten years and one day you wake up with a total disaster you have to follow up all the time you have to operate those systems day by day and developing on the time developing technology if a year or a year and a half pass you have a totally different technology and if you're not prepared you have no protection everything which you've done before is dead this technology can require a constant development and you have to be always in a constant alert always all the time having technology is not enough there can be many many damaging damages surprising damages very strongly if somebody would decide to attack you so therefore it's not enough to have technology you need to have the right warriors and I'd like to show you something that general extended United States says he said he said the cyber warrior somebody who can want to be cyber warrior have to have the experience of ten years at least in building networks defending net networks and operating in a cyberspace how many people have such an experience very few David Dietrich said what are the cyber warriors I said we can reasonably conclude that it would take more than ten years of experience at the highest level of CNO which is computer network operator in order to have cyber defense and offense capacity which mean in order really to prepare cyber warriors you need to invest a lot of money and a lot of time you cannot just take some amateurs to do it you need you need professional people who sometimes they dedicated the life to that you know in United States they have three million IP people 60% of them are living in a fear because they don't know nothing about cyberspace that they can do they cannot protect their own systems the United States budget today for cyber is 4.7 billion dollars a year I don't know what the budget of your countries but I suggest double it without knowing it you need much more you have to really investigate a lot if you want to protect yourself therefore we speaking about general ecosystem it suppose to give us combination of industry security education government who owns proper a legislation you have to do all of it together and synchronize them in order really to have the right answer israelis target israelis the most attacked target in the world we have almost 100,000 attacks per day and during let's say Gaza war Lebanese war we have more than a million attacks per day but if you go to the next and the last child say that according to McPhee reports there are people who are grading countries according to their protection the McPhee threats report ranks israelis the country of the most prepared for cyber threat along with Sweden and Poland which you even we have such we have became such a target which are much much many many people and countries who want to attack our sites and attacks Israel we have the right protection because we were prepared for it and we have to we living as I said in very very difficult neighborhood so we have always to be in awareness I think that usually we're afraid of what we don't know if we know it we don't afraid therefore our task in every country is to learn it very seriously to invest the money needed in order to prepare the right people to protect it otherwise we will be in a very bad situation if we have any war or conflict and I'd like to say in the last ending by saying that in this situation today sometimes you see a young man which is much more powerful and better than a full division of the army a good cyber warrior can do damages much more stronger much more bigger than any army division including air force and everything else that's unbelievable but it is true thank you thank you much has been said as a matter of fact most things have been said but let me make some remarks the word is changing very fast we are in this respect in the midst of the most revolutionary scientific and technological revolution that mankind has ever seen and what we see now is the word is going broadband the word is going mobile the word is going cloud the word is going big data the word is going to hyper connectivity and doing it very fast just the mobility part of it because that I think is very important we are used to the word of the copper lines and the fixed networks that is all disappearing when we go mobile within five years 65 percent of the population of the world would be covered by mobile networks that are more capable than the ones we have in Europe today 65 percent of the world within five years on present trends this transforms everything there's no business model left that will be able to withstand the pressure of change there's no government no economy that will not be profoundly affected the economic impact the economic opportunity is of course fairly obvious the word bank has tried to calculate which are the economic opportunities coming here and looking of course primarily at developing word as they should and they are saying broadly speaking that if you have a 10 percent increase of broadband penetration you have a 1 percent or 1.2 percent in the economic growth rate if that is true and I have no reason to doubt it is the most powerful development tool that we've ever seen it is the most powerful tool that we've had of bridging the gap between the rich and the poor in the world and I would argue that within ten years the famous digital divide that we all talk about is not going to be a question of geography geography is going to be a question of generations the digital divide is within every business within every society within every nation it reminds me of a story by a friend of mine used to be Israeli minister for intelligence or security or whatever David Meridor and he told me that when they were setting up within his sphere of responsibility different working groups on doing things whatever they do which was broadly indicated what they do I think he had as a rule of thumb I said that he wanted to have on that working group all the time a number of people that were less than 18 years of age otherwise he said they won't understand what's going on in the world I try to apply that in Sweden but I have miserably failed they're obviously so the transformational power is enormous of we are seeing but the opportunities are vast primarily for developing world I stumble on the fact this morning or coming down on the flight yesterday as a matter of fact that if you look at Nigeria the biggest internet economy in the world the biggest internet use in the world is of course China but the number seven in the world is Nigeria and within five years no within three years on president nine years got to be number five in the world you hadn't really foreseen that happen the security issues are fairly obvious and we see them on all sorts of levels we have to personally make certain that our systems are secure the ones that we use if you are in business which many of you are the financial services of course extremely dependent upon the security if people go to their banks and put the money in it they want that money not to be stolen by digital crimes within a second or two and then the intellectual property theft I take only one Swedish high-tech industry which I know has roughly 30,000 serious attacks every week by intruders coming from different countries trying to get the intellectual property and if they do it they are gonna use it so protection of that from the security point of view of course extremely important and then we need to protect the national infrastructure and we need to protect the global infrastructure and the global infrastructure is fairly resilient and fairly redundant but should also be protected we had an incident a couple of years ago when suddenly traffic between Europe and Asia was seriously impaired and it turned out that someone had by accident cut a couple of cables outside of Alexandria in Egypt because a lot of the cables the fiber cables go through the Swedish canal obviously and if you have an anchor we have something else and the cables get ruptured then you are in trouble but the redundancy by the cables by the satellites is enormously important it is fairly redundant but we need to think about it anyhow self-defense in different respects is important and then the more serious security issues that was indicated I mean Stuxnet was a Rubicon of our time for the first time I guess we had active cyber warfare someone a nation actor actively destroying the infrastructure of another country the laws of war apply so that under the laws of war that nation had the right to strike back by whatever means they considered appropriate formally speaking but then of course the problem of attribution is there to some extent who is responsible but we can there are ways increasingly there are ways of sorting out the problem of attribution and just had one remark on that sort of things cyber weapons have one feature normally you can deal with it but anyhow one feature that is different from normal kinetic weapons if you bomb someone the bomb goes off and the bomb is gone you can't reuse the bomb for other obvious reasons but if you deploy a cyber weapon the cyber weapon is often there and if you are smart enough you can take the cyber weapon you can re-engineer it and you have the weapon and you can send it back or send it somewhere else so you can reuse the cyber weapons so if you deploy a very sophisticated weapon against someone be careful it can be sent back to you and it can proliferate someone has tried to may develop theories on cyber war comparing with nuclear war I think the appropriate analogy is probably biological warfare you don't know where the virus ends up at the end of the day it is profoundly it is profoundly dangerous power issues of course very important you can say that what we see now is that networks are challenging hierarchies everywhere from Tunisia to China to France to Russia to Ukraine and hierarchies are fighting back with whatever means they have they are building their great firewalls to try to protect them they are instituting vast systems of cyber censorship of different sorts but so far I would argue the hierarchies are losing the battle against the networks also because what we find is that that the other end of the networks are these immensely innovative 16 year or 14 year or 18 year old mostly boys but also girls always nearly always outsmarting the hierarchies but here we also have political battles the battle for the freedom of the net is the new front line for the battle of freedom in the world when it comes to challenging authoritarian and dictatorial regimes even North Korea will not be able to withstand the digital word intruding upon the powers of the dictatorship and then all of the difficult issues of privacy and surveillance that are there states have security responsibility and those risks with security responsibilities they apply in the net domain as well but they must be regulated by law and they must be exercises in such a ways that they are seen by the citizens that's legitimate and here of course we have an ongoing debate that is quietly profound I saw that the French Senate the other day passed the law which is extremely wide-ranging on the rights of surveillance and intrusion in this country or in that country perhaps we are in Monaco but that of course is something that is very relevant and privacy will be increasingly important it was mentioned that in the European Union we have now said we're going to regulate these 2015 it's a highly difficult issue because different generations see privacy in different lights and it's also an issue of profound economic importance one of the big drivers of economic change it's got to be big data and if you look it from a European point of view or versus America we see the American economy having enormous competitive and on advantage in terms of energy which is going to affect us more and more and the second big advantage is going to be its big data advantage if we mess up our privacy protection we can't afford in Europe to lose out competitive advantages in both energy and big data and that will impact upon these issues as well governance issues will be at the forefront it was mentioned the ecosystem of governance the infrastructure the internet architecture board the IETF which the internet engineering task force the ICANN and others the 13 root service that we have over the world well based mostly in the US one in France and one in Sweden has to be said but the rest of them are actually in the United States that actually run the internet and this is under attack by some governments Russia China Saudi Arabia but it has to be said that this system of governance has been exceedingly successful it had made possible the fastest and the widest diffusion of a technology revolution that we've ever seen it has made the technology available freely to more than everyone it is contributed to entrepreneurship and innovation in the cyberspace of a profound nature we should be very careful not to make that overregulated by international bodies to such an extent that we play into the hands of regimes that might have a slightly different agenda from the agenda of entrepreneurship and innovation and open societies that's going to be a big battle ahead whether we keep a global internet and an open governance system or whether we go for a bull canization of the net you can say either an open transparent and dynamic net in the future or closed control and static one with all of the implications of that this is among other things going to be one of the big political battles ahead these are just some of the issues they are vast for each and everyone and this is bound to be in my opinion one or the among all of the issues that we can say when we survey the domain of politics that are going to be a more important five or ten years down the road of 15 years down the road these are the issues that are the rapidly growing issues of political importance throughout the world this is the new domain of diplomacy this is new new domain of international politics thank you Carl just after these exciting introduction and I could notice the room has been quite silent and full of attention our chairman Terry gave me a 15 more minutes because we started late thank you for your generosity can we now take a few contribution or question here I have Carl Kaiser Harvard University Carl you made a very important point about two major advantages of the United States of Europe energy we don't deal with that here big data I was saying that in the long run the Europeans have to give up their concept of privacy which is very different from the American concept of privacy and the Europeans among themselves are very different cultures when it comes to privacy in order to regain an advantage could you explain what will be the long-term approach I guess we should take a few contribution maybe here you had one please stand up I saw everybody I was very much impressed but could you please all of you make one step further I mean Carl did it but only half a step what does that mean to a social and political structure of the world I mean it's not only a two revolution which is speeding up it's all the rubberization it's by La Baya and that means that in five to ten years for example probably most manufacturing jobs will be not only out of Europe but out of China but that would create I mean a totally different world if we move along the road I mean and a world of totally different social tensions and they the end these will underlie politics of tomorrow which will be quite different from now so could you please I mean think a lot of this social political consequences of what you're talking about thank you Johnny you can see of sandbox in London for the three and a half billion people on the planet under the age of 27 is this migration to online community and mutual cause actually signifying a decline in the fundamental power of nation-state and perhaps well no for the people see as apathy for younger generations with politics is actually an affinity that crosses borders through technology over there a competitive enterprise institute the following on the first question the European concept of privacy seems to be that information about yourself is something we should wall out from the rest of the world the American concept is privacy is a voluntary sharing of information with those you contractually agree with it appears that the European concept of privacy grows out of the misuse of government acquired information in the 1930s in the World War two situation and it hasn't been rethought to recognize that a voluntary exchange of information with whoever is perfectly compatible with privacy but Europe seemingly has got to make a decision about that or as Carl Bill mentioned you're going to forego the whole advantages of big data which will be very harmful to your economy Thomas and Malaritas from Apco Assange and Snowden brought a real revolution in the West and especially in the US do you expect other people like that to act not only in the US but also in other parts of the world with Russia and China for example and what would be the consequences of that can we apply the the laws that we have today for the new technologies or we need to invent or write new laws for this the second question I have is how can we as individuals who use the social media and the new media monetize the the our effort the contents that we put there and how much rights we have and who can protect us as users maybe the last one then we let you show be an senior minister of Algeria and senior security and teacher security classic we have to do the evolution of the matter is there have been a lot of changes concerning all the great institutions he started to concern all the international institutions and international what we know now is that it is national defense that is dealing with cybercrime and the connection with cyber space we think there is going to be a new international philosophy but that is the info that we will take away for example to start to change and deal with these issues to see any organization of multilateral security let's now try to ask the panellists what are the reactions there were a couple of questions on privacy and the European nature the European definition and maybe question on social infrastructure Cal you want to address that I think the the privacy data protection issues are exceedingly complex and and important because they have sort of vast implications for competitiveness and other things I think here's a generational divide I think how you define the US approach is what a substantial part of the younger generation in Europe would define it because if you go into you signed up to the Google or Apple or whatever you signed up to you tick the box and say I agree I mean it's a fairly long text and it's fairly small print but you do tick the box and agree that your data is used in some sort of way and that is from a legal point of view fairly okay you shouldn't people have the right to do that if they want to do it I think they should but what we should make certain is that they know what they are doing and in that case I think we should have sort of a merging gradually of the different European approaches with the US approach because otherwise we will be in trouble I would say but there as Carl said I mean that we have different histories in Europe France as a state tradition which is different from the German one different from the Swedish one and but this will have to be sorted out and this is one of the reason why the European Council a month ago or two months ago whatever it was when it was dealing with the telecommunications regulation issues and the data services and whatever said this is so difficult let's defer it to 2015 I think that was wise because we need more of a debate on it and it is a question of the long-term competitiveness there are areas where we have huge competitive advantages in Europe we have national health systems which means that we have national databases for the health of our citizens if we use big data technologies on that we can learn enormous amount in order to make enormous advantage in health which the US can't so there we haven't wanted other small point apathy with politics among young people I don't agree I don't agree there might be apathy with politics as performed but I see a rising interest in issues including global issues because young people now connect with issues to much larger extent that they not with the policy packages of parties to the same extent as used to be the case but with the issues that they can connect to the issues and learn about the issues in new ways so I think there's a rising interest in the issues of politics not necessarily with the classical instrument of politics global governance yet it will be affected by this needless to say but I think we need to understand that we need sort of an agreement on basic principles not necessarily change them protection of freedom should apply online as well as offline not that every country respects it we should respect the independence of business we should respect the price the right of individuals for their privacy but they can dispose of it in their own different ways and then we must have said look at where it's heading take a kind of ask where where are we heading I don't know I don't know why we're heading we are heading into much more dynamic environment and accordingly more unpredictable but I would say the societies that would prosper are the societies that have an incentive innovation the most snappy society the most snappy economy is the one that's going to be ahead 30 40 50 years down their own the static the regulated ones are the ones that are going to lose out just rapidly because we will come too soon mayor there were two questions first question was could there be a sentence no then coming from China Korea or France it's probably easier but there was a question was more in some dictator countries no then in France when we probably have that already so first question and my second question would be today we we talk about I would say digital war can is that totally national can we see global organization the limit so mayor first I'd like to say that the internet is here to stay we don't have the option which was once people was thinking we have we will be attacked we will talk the switch off there is no switch killer for internet because we cannot manage anything without internet today so the problem is how country can defend itself from attacks and still functioning it's not enough to defend yourself again attack you have to keep your internet system because otherwise you cannot operate yourself today it's it here to stay so when the friend from quite ask who's protecting us I'm telling you no one of course you can buy you know protection antivirus etc but you will never believe how it is easy to really get into your phones listen to every word you say intercept any SMS you send maybe if we have said to Mr. Terry if we have in the future next another discussion about cyberspace which I think it's very interesting maybe I can bring somebody who demonstrates how easy is to take your phone call your phone here and show you that he can put your phone as a microphone doesn't matter whatever you are even if you switch it off they can listen to every word you say doesn't matter where you are or you can they can see it's unbelievable so if you want to protect yourself keep everything you want to be secret secret don't use any smartphone any computer anything because everything is exposed nobody really protecting you about how do is there going to be more cello dancing different places like China or Russia I think yes it's a matter of time and I think so then create an example to a lot of young people who working in those systems to come out and shout that's what happened to send them can happen again last but not least governments have the ability as well today especially big governments and sophisticated governments to intercept any of your phone calls by satellite they don't have they can if you want if any government want you United States is very good example to that want to see what you are doing with whom you're speaking what email you're saying everything they can intercept especially everything you do 24 seven which my possibilities are almost unlimited there is no legislation today in the world about cyberspace I think we should and we need and cars say before and just typically that from the point of view of justice when there is a cyber attack in the regular law of war with somebody attack you you have the right to protect yourself in any means you have cyber attacks he's not still defined by the law I think it should be defined there is today a lot of cooperation between countries from certain I know from our point of view at least we have cooperation with many countries in the world especially Western countries to in this area but I think we should create some kind of a world government governance in order to find the different ways what every country should do and should not do just a few words mr. child the question that came was what will be the social infrastructure of the digital world so seeing that from the media angle what can you tell us as a conclusion I like to clear three questions number one on the privacy issue there is no privacy whatsoever so be prepared to leave without privacy as long as you carry this smart phones you are checked everywhere maybe you get checked every five ten minutes wherever you go and you will buy smart television right and I'm sure that you'll enjoy watching smart television and in the meantime set the box will watch you whatever you do in your room okay so privacy is gone okay that's for sure no matter what you do and on the monetization issue you know the intellectual people like here sitting here more than willing to pay for contents I've launched e-paper several months ago and I already have 20,000 subscribers who's paying about $10 a month and I hope to increase this number to 200,000 maybe in several years so people are more than willing to pay for what they you know have I mean if it's good service there people are more than willing to pay so monetization will continue and lastly somebody asked for social consequences of the challenges in the internet space okay I think we have to worry about social disintegration might happen and yesterday morning at the opening session economists talked about unequal economy the gaps between the rich and the poor I think that will increase and expand somebody I think it was Cohen Tyler professor Tyler he checked on this issue it used to be 2080 society 20% of people sort of overtaking 80% of the rest of people but the numbers going to be different it's going to be 15% workers will thrive and the rest of people might suffer a little more okay that's my answer to several questions just a very few work to conclude the first point is Capgemini has put the kind of digital transformation as the forefront of his mission I think theory the digital transformation of the world has started is accelerating thing we will have to understand the roots of what we would call the digital welfare the digital diplomacy military people understand more and more what is the digital defense and more and more a bigger share of defense budget are now allocated to cyber defense fast growing the digital global governance so my pet theory is that that this question will come more repeatedly in the agenda of your seven eight and nine world policy conference and I hope this was a good introduction thank you and how long is the break now 25 minutes set theory okay thank you