 This study found that trace proteinuria, defined as plus 1 on dipstick urinalysis, is associated with both high and low body weights, suggesting that it may be a risk factor for kidney and cardiovascular diseases. This differs from overt proteinuria, defined as a plus 1 on dipstick urinalysis, which has been previously linked to high body weights. This article was authored by K. Nakajima, H. Rokanda, Toshitaka Muniki, and others.