 Graeme acwn i wneud oes i ddim yn mynd i'r gynhyrchu o'r newydd a'r 20, 25 munud, i yw'n meddwl i'r ffordd os rhai'r cyfnod iawn i'w ysgolig wedi'i'r ffwrdd ar gyfer y cyfnodig, yn ymgylchedd i'r unrhywun, y ëC highways' i'r cyfnodig yn cyd-rhyw, ond wrth gwrs maen nhw'n mynd i'r hyn arbennig ymhlinswyr, ymhili, ac yn y system hwn. Felly mae'r cyfrithoi 39-ieis yw mewn sefydlu â'r ystyried mwy, Therefore, last year as part of a GIST Collections Coordinated Workshop on the Open Access Monograph for Books of Pie Chain. We are going to use this as a case study to demonstrate that actually a wider cultural change is required within libraries, to shift open content from being seen as an add-on and into the mainstream of our services, so the norm rather than the exception. Llyfridog wedi gweld i'r cyfryd a'r hyn yn gwneud am y pwysig ddiant i'r gweld, yn gweithio bod yn meddwl gael cymaint ac yn adfocosio ar gyfer y cyfrifol. Mae rhai ddweud yn meddwl i'r cyfrifol o'r cyfrifol, rhai gweithio ar gyfrifol, rhai cyfrifol o apc. Rhai gweithio'r cyfrifol o ddailogu'r gweithmell o'r cyfrifol o'r unig cyfrifol ar y And increasingly we're seeing universities take a leadership role withinμά ended universities. A recent example of this, would be the success of the Office of Scholi communications within the University of Cambridge and influencing and ensuring the university published a position statement on open research. Gweithio'r bobl yn gweithio'r lleiwyr neu leidio'r lleiwyr yn ymddangos ymddangos yma, ac yw diemlud hynny, ond mae'r gweithio'r amser hynny yn gweithio'r cynnig iawn. Mae'n lefynol am yr unigol, ac mae'r gweithio'r lleiwyr yn ymddangos. Mae'n gweithio'r lleiwyr yn gweithio'r lleiwyr yn gweithio'r lleiwyr yn ymddangos ymddangos, ..a'r rhaid o gyflawni ar y cymryd gyfan, a bwysig y RLU Cymru.. ..y wneud y rhaid o gael y newid ychydigau cynhyrchu. Bydd yma'n meddwl gweithio gweithio bod oedlaeth gweithwyr o gweithwyr.. ..o argymell o gyflawni ar gyfer y maesol o cwestiynau.. ..i cofnod o'r gweithwyr o gweithwyr o gweithwyr.. ..y dweud cymrydau gweithwyr o gweithwyr o gweithwyr o gweithwyr.. ac o ran ymdweud o ymddiffenol yma yn Ysgol Ysgol Unedol. Ieithas ymddiffenol, yn ymddiffenol, rydyn ni'n fwyaf hwn i gael i'r teimlo'r cyfrifio gyda'r gwybod. Felly, y cyfrifio'r ymdweud efallai eich gweithio'n ddim. Mae'n cael ei ddysgu'r lyfr o'r cyfrifio yn y ddweud o'r llyfrig, felly oes rydyn ni'n cyfrifio'r bydd yn ei ddifneud i'r cyfrifio'r cyfrifio ar y sylwg sy'n rhai gyda'u cyfaint gyda'r cymaint. Ond yw'r cyfrifedd yn siaradu? Bydd yna'n gyfrifedd y dyfodol yn ymdill, a'u gwneud o'r cyfrifedd hynny. Mae'n gweithio'r gwybodaeth sy'n ddwy'r cyfrifedd i ddwy'r edrych yn y rhai gyfaint ac mae'r cyfrifedd ydy'r cyfrifedd yn sefydliwn ar y sylwg oherwydd dwi'n ymdill wedi'i ei ffordd o'r cyfrifedd yw'r cyfrifedd. Fy de all, mae'r llwybaid opening sy'r llyfr wedyn yn llwyddiadau dydy hyn ac mae gynchau'r llyfr wedi i ddiogel i'r teimlo, ac mae'r teimlo yn teimlo i bach o'r modd y gallwn arawdd. Cymru wedi'i deall gynllunio ar y roi Llu Manfaon Ysafelidau o'r加入au oherwydd yr ychydig yn credu rei bod nhw'n ei ddefnyddiadau i gael eu llwylo i ddunigol cyfligol i greu cerddurio ar y gyfr yn cael ei ddefnyddio. Over the past 20 years or so, libraries have transformed themselves from a print, single-copy, just-in-case world into one where we're able to deliver digital, just-in-time, flexible business models. But this hasn't been a pain-free process and has taken significant internal changes in terms of systems, processes and roles. But these processes, systems, roles that we've developed are still very much centred on a world where all our content is either purchased, or the majority of our content is either purchased or licensed through aggregators, suppliers and publishers. We know that open content is only going to increase. The significant pressure from publishers, from funders, sorry. The significant pressure from funders, with Planes and the UKRI Open Access Review coming out later this year. And we already know that monographs will be included within the remit of the REF Open Access policy next time round. And increasingly, we're seeing pressure from institutions themselves who want to make sure that their outputs are more openly available. So, for example, just earlier this week we saw the recommendations from MIT's task force on open access, which, as well as dealing with things like open monographs and code, made recommendations to support open textbooks and courseware. The number of open access books available within the directory of open access books is increasing at an accelerating rate. And the annual Simba report on the open access book market in 2016 was predicting an annual market growth of 30%. So this content isn't going to go away. It's going to become increasingly important for us. And I'd ask, are we as libraries ready to manage this content? So this is the case study bit of this. And I want to try and put it in a bit of perspective as well, especially considering some of the presentations we've already had at this conference. Now in this we're talking specifically about OA monographs in the library supply chain. That doesn't mean we don't completely agree with Torston's 2030 thoughts that everything will be OA anyway, although he did say that monographs may take longer. And that is also what Plan S says and a lot of people say. What we're thinking is this is where we are at the moment and this is where the cultural change bit comes in for libraries. So to put it into some context, to a certain extent this goes back to 2016. And the very last thing I did before I left the library sector and the very first thing I did when I joined GIST collections, which was both research and then have to write the report I'd just researched around changing publishing ecologies, which was around library-led presses and academic-led presses in the UK. We know from that report, from the surveys we got back from libraries and from the interviews we did with academic-led presses, that we've got a growing number of those type of presses in the UK. We're not just talking about those presses though, we're really talking about all of the open access monograph producers of which there are now very many. In the UK we've probably got around 21, although every time I say the number, another press pops up and I have to redo the slides, but it's around that number, but we know we've got some bubbling under. This is also a growing movement. In 2018, IFLA started up a special interest group on library publishing. That held its first meeting in Dublin a few weeks ago. At that meeting, the Irish libraries that were there were very behind library publishing, both for journals and monographs, and in fact in that meeting the Irish Library Association also announced that it was starting up a working group on library publishing to support that in Ireland. So we know things are moving quite quickly. But we've still got some issues. Some of the things that came back from that survey, which is now a couple of years old, were comments both from the library presses, but also from the academic-led presses around the lack of infrastructure, the lack of a way in to the library system. And this is where I want to separate discovery from supply chain. They're different. The reason why we're talking about the supply chain here is we've got evidence going right back through the OAPN UK reports up until last year, one of the UK meetings for learned societies around the OAPN monographs mandate. All the way through that, we have mostly humanities scholars saying that they inhabit a print world. They prefer print. So what we're saying is we have to be in those supply chains if they're in that print world. So discovery is one thing, but as we've said that people are coming into the library, they're reading physical stuff. We're talking about the supply chain here. So based on those comments, and one of the key ones was actually from Rupert Gathe at Open Book Publishers at University of Cambridge, we came up with a sort of hypothesis question for a workshop that Joanna's already mentioned. And that is that OAPN publishers have difficulty accessing the channels that library acquisitions departments use to buy print and ebook content. And this was echoed by library publishers as well. In that particular meeting, I think I'm fairly safe in saying, certainly in the UK, it was pretty much the first time we had OA monograph publishers, librarians, library suppliers, metadata people, OA experts in the room. And that was quite interesting because it quickly became apparent that nobody quite understood what everybody else did. One of the things the library suppliers didn't understand is why on earth you would want to create a book that you didn't sell. That took about 10 minutes to explain. But equally, why would a library supplier want to offer a book that they weren't going to make any money out of? Which was another way of looking at it. And actually from that comes the idea of potential services rather than other things. But basically from that we came up with four key themes. I'm going to very quickly go through what those four key themes were. But also just to say that this is not just the view of that particular workshop. Around the same time, Scholar-led, which is a group of six academic-led publishers, were coming up with similar things. Now some of those publishers are outside of the UK. They all serve academics in the UK and two of the mattering press at Lancaster in open book publishers at Cambridge are pretty much represented in this room by the libraries as well. So just very quickly we realised that we probably needed to map the library supply chain to an extent that everybody understood it. And that was where we potentially thought, well this is where we need to re-look at this area. And also discovery as well. Metadata came up. I'm going to just seamlessly pass through metadata. We could be here all day. But essentially with this is we said well anything around metadata has to enable the acquisitions departments to actually see the open content because at the moment they can't see it. They can see the stuff to purchase. They can't see that it's necessarily free. And I should say that Joanna came up with some fantastic screenshots of publishers who had open content. Could you find the open content anywhere? No. New content as well. We're very much at the moment talking in a sort of print under glass world which is almost suppressing new forms of content. So we thought that's another way to surface it and to get to the point very quickly. Another one and I think it was unexpected really came up around the need for cultural change in this process. And one of those was for the departments to realise zero cost and to actually see zero cost and be supplied with zero cost. At that point I'll hand back to Joanna. OK thanks Graeme. Graeme's illustrated one very practical area where action is required to enable us to deal with open content. But this illustration is much wider point in that libraries like publishers need to prepare themselves for an open access world. If we were to redesign our libraries around the idea that most of our content was open what would that actually look like and how would we get there? These are some strategic measures that we feel would be steps in the right direction. We feel that libraries need to rethink our collection strategies and policies so addressing the acquisition or at least the management of open content as a whole. So just as we've moved from a print world to a digital world or print only to digital first maybe we need to be moving to an open first policy. We need to provide a framework to enable decision making around open content initiatives. For example if you have a very limited budget how do you make the decision whether to pledge some money towards knowledge unlatched or towards open library of the humanities. The moment we just don't have or certainly within my library we don't have the measures to be able to work out which of those is of better value for us. We need to redefine how we measure the value of library content so moving away from the idea that content only has a value if money has changed hands. We're still obsessed with cost per download, cost per usage within the library world. What alternative metrics are there when most of your content is open? We can also commit to library investment in open content and content infrastructure. Many of us at the moment are having strategic discussions with senior leaders within our institutions about the need to move from a pay to read to a pay to publish world. These are challenging enough discussions as it is. But now we're saying we need to go back to our leaders and say we need to be giving money towards infrastructure that we're not necessarily going to see any direct return on investment for. There's a programme of cultural change required within our teams so encouraging teams to see open as a shared responsibility not something that's just a concern of the research support team. That involves bringing the management of open content into job descriptions across the library, bringing open down from our high level strategies and making sure it's reflected in our operational plans. There's also opportunities for us to work together at a sectoral level. For example Graham and Sarah Thompson from the University of York will be leading a workshop at NAG, which is coming up very soon, on this issue of the open access monograph book supply with practitioners. So far we've focused on research material but for teaching there's also a role for our academic engagement teams to encourage the selection, evaluation of and use of open educational resources and open textbooks within their teaching. And we need to develop a clear understanding of the costs and benefits of delivering open content and services to inform decision making around future investment. Just being open doesn't mean it's free. And actually even being able to quantify the activity or the energy that you're putting into open content is really challenging. And very finally we need to redefine what a successful library looks like and there's been lots of discussions here at this conference about going back to the very basics about what a library is for. Just as we don't measure a library's success by the number of books in our collections anymore, we need to find new measures fit for purpose in an open content world. So not benchmarking ourselves by the size of our content budget or our expenditure for FTE students. The challenge for us is to find new measures that relate to the impact that we have on our communities. Thank you very much for listening. We're aware that this is going to be, it's not something we've just presented you with a lot of questions, not necessarily any answers. And actually it's a sexual approach to this is going to be required. So we'll be really interested to have your input on how to take this forward. Thank you.