 The study found that the vaccines offered in Kazakhstan had high effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study also showed that older individuals and those who received their first vaccine after the variant surge had higher risk of breakthrough infection. This suggests that targeted booster vaccination campaigns may be necessary to reduce this risk. This article was authored by Delyarin Abirova, Delyarin Abirova, Roberta Horth, and others.