 I guess you guys keep inviting me to come over. I might be doing something, right? So, in fact, I do like South Dakota a lot. And I'm not saying that because I'm here in front of you guys. I liked it so much that about 15 years ago I even built a house in South Dakota. It's down by Yankton. So kind of replaced. I grew up in Europe on the shores of Danube. Danube is one of the largest European rivers. It's like Mississippi. So I still have a family property right in the bus of Danube overlooking the river. And I remove all the house there from my grandpa anyway. And then I had to build another one here in this continent. So I've been one of those fortunate guys that I could go between Europe and the United States back and forth and bring some students there. I have projects in Europe that bring European colleagues here. So anyway, so I built a house just outside of Yankton and on the lake. I don't have a water frontage there because nobody has water frontage. But anyway, so I enjoy South Dakota a lot. That's my playground and I do a lot of hunting and fishing. So don't hold that against me. If you've got some good hunting spots or some good fishing spots, all this talk about it. And then while we're on the boat fishing, we can talk about the canva. We can talk about anything else you want to talk about. All right. I do have about close to 60 minutes worth of slides here. And I'm going to start off with a couple of slides, giving you a general introduction about what do we expect to see as far as new GMO or new herbicide traits that are going to be coming over the next few years. The canva beans, obviously, they're here. And last year we had about 30% of acres across the country. I did have some acres in Nebraska. I don't know how much you guys had in South Dakota here. Has anybody planted any of the canva beans last year? Want to see some hands? Don't worry, we won't shoot you or anything like that. Anyway, okay. So there are some guys that planted it here. I don't know what the number of acres is going to be this year. The predictions are that it might be a little bit higher yet. And some guys might plant it just to protect themselves from the drift. The three products that are registered there are extended maps. Obviously, that's the one that was developed by Monsanto. And then if you take the jug of extended maps and you flip it around and you put a label effects a pan on it, that's basically what it is. It's the same stuff. BSF developed their own version of the canva. And that's called engineer. I'll show you a bunch of data with all of those. Another technology that we're going to see on some limited acres this year is enlist technology enlist beans. The two products that are going to be available in the market are enlist dual, which is the mix of 2,4-D Colleen. And by the way, 2,4-D Colleen is just another version of 2,4-D. We had an 18 and S versions for quite a few years and now they come up with the Colleen version. And the enlist bill will have a glyphosate 2,4-D premix in it and then also there will be a 2,4-D loan. And that's going to be called enlist one. And if you want to plan some of those beans you have to work with the company and get the contract. It's not going to be widely available just to go and buy. And the reason for that is that all the yields, all the grain needs to be segregated and sold through the proper channels. I guess they didn't want to have that issue we had with Starlink about 10-plus years ago. Okay, what else is in the pipeline? I've been working on HPVD-tolerant soybeans, HPVD-chemistry. That's the glottis-cholestal balance, so same mode of action. And so basically the one that's there developing is going to be a balanced bean and that's basically more or less the same stuff that you have inside balance flags. And working on that yet, I have a chance to test those in my plots and then just going to bring. But they are talking about maybe bringing this in the market in the 20 or 20, 2020, 2021, or something like that. Don't quote me on those numbers. Eventually they're going to put up some package called Credence Technology. And basically that is going to have like four stacks in it. It's going to be a Liberty stack, Roundup, a balanced bean stack, and probably the Mizzatrion, which is the HPVD. So I've been by Sinjenta. You know, Mizzatrion is the active in Polisto. It's been around for the last, close to six, seven years. Anyway, Sinjenta, this technology. So we'll see when that comes to the market. The very last line of this means that's the technology that Pioneer has been working on. I had a chance to test that one as well. And that will be a double stack Roundup, and we're glad to say, and ALS resistance and ALS. Those are the products like Pursuit, Raptor, Scepter, those types of things. Anyway, and to be honest with you, I don't know when they're going to release that technology. So anyway, so that's kind of the background we might see. I wish I had the two slides where I can list about five different modes of actions of chemistry that we come up with, but apparently we're going to wait for that for a while, seven times. So I can literally close my eyes and just go and talk. So anyway, but I keep modifying it from location to location because along the way, you know, you learn by the fact people ask the questions and everything. So the one thing that I realized, the camber is somewhat similar to glyphosate, especially the way we use it. In many ways, we've been living with glyphosate for the last 20 years. I do teach an integrated weed management class down in Lincoln. And a lot of my students are actually the kids that come from the farms, the Nebraska neighboring states, and I call them around the British generation. You know, so because they grew up, I'm not using this term in any negative ways or so. I'm just stating the way that I see some of those kids grew up with around the British technology. And anyway, so that would be the first thing they'll come to their mind. So here, I have a few questions, the camber systemic or contact. This is some very basic stuff, guys. So anyway, so how many of you think that the camber is systemic herbicide? There's you guys that don't wish I, how many of you think that it's a contact herbicide? Somebody says both. Which ones of you think that it's systemic? Let me see, how many hands? Okay, that might poke free. So anyway, the answer is systemic. The camber is not a contact herbicide. Liberty is a contact herbicide. So who have hands here? It's right here. A couple of guys here. You guys work on the next question and you'll get a book next time around. I wrote about 20 books. Anyway, what about the, do we have some or the C? There's the question. Two guys here. Okay. What about from the? Maybe you guys are better at it. Just kidding. C and that's the rate which in using like to say for 20 years. Is that systemic or is that contact? Who had hands here? I'll give you these books. It's like to say systemic or okay. People say systemic or is it? Okay. I got three guys. And you still think it's contact? It's not. Okay. So let me go back to basic systemic herbicide. The name says contact. It lands in the surface of the leaf. It doesn't get deep into the system. That's what we call contact. The ones that get inside the system and translocate. What were the two hands here? There were some guys here. Okay. So systemic is the one that will get inside the plant that move throughout the plant move throughout the system. That's what we call it systemic. And glyphosate is a systemic herbicide and the Canva is also systemic herbicides and those systemics also get down into rootstock and they control some of the below ground structures. Okay. Does glyphosate have any soil activity? How many of you think it's eight? Yeah. It has no great glyphosate. The bare ground, the soil particles, the organic portion of the soil particles will bind that glyphosate tightly and it doesn't release. So it's not biologically active. It's present there. If we get a heavy rain and you get a runoff of that soil from your field and if I collect this, the water sample there with all that mud in it with glyphosate, I'll be able to detect it. So it's present there but it's not biologically, biologically few books left here. Here is the tricky one. It's actually because of the... Okay. Okay. So why we say none? Increase volatility by 20x. More books here. I've got many more questions. Okay. I still have a couple. So the correct answer is none. The B and C are actually the amounts of ammonium sulfate that need to be used to ground that. But the reason why this is going to be a hard learning curve before we start putting in glyphosate, so it'll take some... It'll take some time to get used to that. What about nozzle selection? You know, when ground up, you can just take any nozzles that'll get the job done, you know. And someone can import them or is it... C. C. Okay. It is extremely critical. And that's because of the drift. So which guys want the book here? I've got three right there. It's a 15 bucks. That's actually, you know, the price of maybe five here, you know. So it's a very good deal. And I think it's the shakimic acid pathways, which is important in the amino acid production. All right. Science Society meeting, which is the group where we signed this like myself, and we meet every year in the usually first week of December, somewhere around the North Central region. We've included about 12, 13 U.S. states and about four Canadian provinces. So you put in a big room like this and there's a bunch of guys like myself and we start arguing and talking about the topics and whatever. It's a lot of fun. I love it. I go there every year. So this is the quote on the canvas. The top part is what I added. I said divide and conquer. And that can be interpreted in so many different ways. But this is what my colleague said in between. And he starts listing a few things in there. Chemical companies versus university weed scientists. It seems to me that on this topic, we're not on the same page. Farmers versus chemical companies. Farmers versus university weed scientists even between individual farmers. So anyway, so it's the topic that unfortunately divided even went to the community level where the neighbors, in some cases, don't talk to neighbors. And you know, I'm not in this part between Nebraska and South Dakota but there was a case last year a couple years ago and whatever. So it's really bad. There is a case when one company is actually suing a university from one of the states and it's even suing a weed scientist that's been doing research in this topic from that particular state as well. So you can see it's turning to be a little bit more than what it should be. So I'm going to quote my party said earlier, you know, I'm a straight shooter and that got me in hot water a lot guys. I get in hot water a lot. And so I'm not going to apologize about the facts. I'm relatively known facts about the canva and then also I'm going to share with you some of the research from my work that I've done with the canva micro rates over the last couple of years. We actually used the rivetal rates of the canva going to as well as the 1,000 of the label rate and we're evaluating the sensitive crops. So I'm under the canva itself. Like I said earlier, we are so used to glyphosate and the canva is not glyphosate. If you look at Nebraska weed guide I have about 750 products in there that are registered in the state of Nebraska. Out of that about 260 for corn, 250 for beans, 200 plus for cereal crops and the rest are all rangeline pasture and some other smaller acre crops. So, you know, we do have probably 60 plus products based on Roundup. The two that they're based on the canva for the canva beans are extendemax and ingenia and of course the hexapan. So those are the only three. Don't even think about trying to use clarity or something like that because you're going to evaluate the label for that and theoretically speaking your crop can't be confiscated. I said that's theoretically speaking. So, motive action it's a hormonal, I'll talk quite a bit what that means versus glyphosate is amino acid inhibition. Glyphosate is a fantastic herbicides. I don't think that weed will ever come up with a better chemical, not maybe in my lifetime. Even with all the computer sciences and the computer engineering, chemical engineering and everything it's getting trickier and trickier to come up with the new new added ingredients. So, glyphosate like I said it's a fantastic herbicide it's a very good a grass cure and along the way it does an excellent job on a lot of broadleaf weeds and it's been doing that for the last 20 years and it's still doing an excellent work out there unless you have glyphosate resistant weed. As opposed to the camber the camber has been used in cereal crops for several decades and in ranch land and pasture so it has almost no no grass impurities it's a broadleaf killer. Visible injury, you spray the camber and you'll get cupping literally within a couple of days for glyphosate you will need about four or five days. Temperature, this part of the country and I do a lot of research about 60 miles crow flies out to Yankton you know, this part of the world we may have some nice warm spills early in the spring and then you get geared up you want to go out and spray some round to kill some of those winter rainbows and then next day the clouds may move in whatever and the temperature may drop down in the 40s and all of a sudden you'll see the glyphosate it's not working and in some of those cases if the period stays four or five days in the 40s that random roundup ain't going to get the job done so anyway so from that standpoint Roundup is very sensitive to temperature and that's not really the case for the camber Volatility it's high and off target movement therefore it's high and I'll talk quite a bit about Volatility ammonium sulfate we said that don't use it the range fast for glyphosate especially some of the latest version of glyphosate is even less than an hour and in the book I have it as a one hour and for the camber it's about four to six hours if you read the label the label will say don't use glyphosate the camber if you expect a rainfall within 24 hours so that's the question that I asked quite a bit in different places and eventually I got the answer that says something along the lines that EPA is the one that put that line on the label or it required the company to put that line on the label because apparently the computer system that they have to simulate all these different rain events the EPA level can handle only a 24 hour time time frame so that's why that sits on the label and I'll tell you I'm not going to tell you to violate maybe twist this a little bit and I'll give you some of the logic behind that so remember this number four to six hours is rain fast which means you spray the chemical it should be absorbed a good portion of it into the weed six hours since you get rainfall after that you shouldn't be worried okay, sensitive crops a grassy species for glyphosate especially and I still remember the old days when we started around the pretty beans there was conventional corn and the stiff stuff would drift over a little bit and maybe I burned a few rows of corn so with glyphosate you've got to watch for those grassy species the camber being a broadleaf killer basically has effects on all kinds of broadleaf crops and I'll share with you information I've known DT soybeans and then also on tomatoes and grapes that I grew and I in my plots weed resistance we do have 36 species worldwide the developed resistance to glyphosate 16 species in the United States and I think I have six species in Nebraska that we determined through our research right now there's about seven different weed species that develop resistance to glyphosate to the camber and the one that you should be familiar with is Kosia especially if you go to western part of your state and my state and western part of Kansas eastern part of Wyoming and Colorado there is quite a bit of the camber resistant Kosia out there in terms of following the label to know what the weed height is and if the weed is not glyphosate resistant the glyphosate will get the job done the roundup will get the job done that's not the case with the camber the weeds have some height it's not going to get the job done I'll show you some pictures of that it's very critical and if you keep jacking up the rates like we do with glyphosate often you may have issues with the volatility and drift and so forth that's not really that critical with glyphosate sprayer calibration is always important no matter what we spray out there but this becomes really critical with the camber especially cleaning the sprayer if you want to be using for the camber then you go for the other herbicides and other crops whatever cleaning can be a pretty tricky task in fact a group of us actually developing a story that's going to be published on the UNL website and we have a Crock watch newsletter some of you subscribe to that or not but if you type in Crock watch a UNL you get to our website and that's where we publish a lot of information on doing stuff in agriculture and in fact the two page write up that I sent to Ruth a couple of weeks ago this was actually published on the website there so anyway and so we'll have some recommendation for sprayer cleaning optical training it's a restricted use product you don't need to be trained it's required by law that's not required by glyphosate label I'm going to say something that some of you will relate to some of you may not like it but really over the last 12 years 20 years we've been using glyphosate so much a lot of people there don't even know what label is for glyphosate it's quite frankly and it's easy to use you can put in 20 ounces or 30 ounces or 40 ounces if it's generic and all that if you have some hard to control weeds so like I said label always should be read and followed but it was not much of a big issue with glyphosate apparently it's very important it's very important to understand for the canva and I include the nozzle selection so I guess with this I'm trying to drive a message across the stuff that we use to with glyphosate and then get away with it and everything it's a completely different bowl game guys with the canva so we've got to watch how we use that ok so let's talk about it's a hormone chemistry hormones as the word says they boost growth of something we use hormones and the animal feed we use hormones with humans my wife is actually a hormone doctor so she works with hormones she even works with transgenic people she can literally turn a man into a woman into a man so I'm really nice with my wife but when I'm trying to say this is how hormones work they boost activities so when they get inside the plant they basically boost the growth of the plant that since they're systemic they go through the system, through the flow and they travel into the tips of the leaves because that's where the fastest tissue is or the tip of the growing point and what's happening in there they're boosting the growth of those young cells because the young cells as they grow they require more food than the old cells so those new young cells as they are growing and taking out the food they're taking out the canva with it and then they grow on an accelerated rate so therefore they end up curling and twisting because they're faster than the rest of the cells in the plant and then as a result of that the plant believes and the stem, I'll show you a lot of photos they start curling and twisting they start curling and twisting and then as part of that we call that term epi-nasty it's one of those scientific journals the jargons that we use in weed science and then as part of the process of curling and twisting you get the blockage of the vascular system and the food can travel throughout the plant and therefore the plants will start it can be absorbed both by the roots and by the shoots I hope that we're going to use the canva primarily post-emerge but if you have high enough rate you can actually get residual activity of about maybe a couple of weeks depending on the depending on the on the rate and the soils and all that the soil resistance the canva can be detected in the soil, if it's dry soil it can be there for a few months if it's wet soil it can be there a few weeks because the microbes will be degrading it and also it will volatilize and head off and that way you can see a breakdown so from that standpoint like I said it's a short residual but I would not recommend this to be used as a soil soiled by the herbicide itself anyway does it persist in air yes that's the topic of volatility is the heaviest in the first 24 to 36 hours however it's undocumented in the literature that it can be detected basically up to 96 hours or up to 4 days so when you think about it today is Thursday today so we have a Friday, Saturday, Sunday Monday morning theoretically that can still lift off the soil and volatilize and cause problems all the way but like I said it's less likely for that to happen the most critical will be the first 36 hours and I'll show you some data to show that so here is the deal this is a single slide I have a lot of information on it but I already went through most of that so I'm not going to spend too much time on this but this is what I call the 10 things that somebody needs to know about their can but even before you start thinking about buying the product and using it so I said it's a broad lead killer so you got to watch what your neighbors are if your farm has an acreage with a lot of grapes I said it's a hormone it's a restricted use because it increases volatility by 20x let me give you a little more information on this this DMA form of the Canva when it reacts with ammonium sulfate that ammonium makes that the Canva a little bit more acidic which makes it more prone to volatility so that's the reason why they say do not use ammonium sulfate with the Canva because you're increasing the chance for volatility application cutoff dates this is something that with some of the State Departments of Ag I was actually told earlier that there might be some people here from the South Dakota State Department of Ag is anybody in the room here from the Departments of Ag? yes or no? apparently not oh yes there is okay cool what I was told as a cutoff date of 4.15 that's wrong on my slide it's April 15 Missouri is June 1 and June 15 depends on what part of Missouri down in the Boothill area I think it's June 1 okay I was told that North Dakota has June 15 in Minnesota and somebody told me that South Dakota has that so the reason why I ask is anybody I don't know if my information is correct or not or whether you guys are still considering a cutoff date there is no cutoff date okay thank you I got to fix my slide there too so you guys are basically in the same boat like Nebraska Nebraska right now doesn't have any cutoff cutoff dates okay well in Philippine I told you how that came into effect for 96 hours there was quite a bit of papers presented at the North Central Meeting here and that's where that information comes from but number 10 is the one that I actually want to visit with you this is something that I got a lot of hair about it I'll show you some data later on and the data is showing that if you get a rainfall event it lets me talk about you'll spray the canva and it will settle down hopefully and if you get a temperature inversion you know the mix of air going in there is a chance for that volatility that cloud, let's call it the cloud it's not a very scientific term but I'm trying to explain this so this cloud of all that cloud can live off the field and move depends on what direction the air stream comes through and it's been known for that to move a couple of miles in some cases some people claim four miles I haven't seen it myself but let's stick with a couple of miles just think about this situation the canva and you wait for six hours eight hours and then if there is a chance for temperature inversion and the cloud can lift if you have an irrigation system which we do in Nebraska quite a bit can you just turn your sprinkler system on and irrigate very very lightly about a fifth of an inch point two inches of rain and just keep going with a circle or a lateral whatever you have and canva is extremely water soluble and dissolves in water and moves with water real well so it's extremely water soluble so I said in here this what I'm describing is my theory it needs some research there but we already have some proof that actually there might be some value in it and I have some of my Nebraska guys who are going to actually try this you know to turn the sprinkler like I said a fifth of an inch and that should be enough to break up that cloud and kind of settle things and you can get actually a secondary or tertiary volatility as over those next three or four days but the most critical one is the first first one and that's the one that usually causes trouble by moving off okay so with that potential a potential irrigation I said earlier that the canva is not quite to say and here's the photos from some of my research from last year this is the label rates of products that we used it's either in junior artifacts or it was one of the other or maybe both I have about four photos here and these are the weed species that were a little bit taller than where it's supposed to be and you can see that we curled and twisted these are Washi Sage resistant Maristail here we curled and twisted but we did not kill it you can see the same on this photo with the womat leaf we got all the coming and everything but we didn't kill it so anyway so it's very important to know the weed height and especially if you're in a drought like we've been last summer in the drought situation we had plenty of rain in the beginning and then shut off for two months and then we got rain in the fall we messed up our harvest and everything but anyway so if the plants are stressed and everything they're not going to take that chemical well and the possibility that some of those weeds are not going to die I do have quite a few of my students former students that actually worked for industry so I called them and I said hey come on over so we looked at some of these plants I pulled them out the roots are still good and everything so these plants did not did not die and there's this water hemp you can see how the main stem here the leaves are all twisted and wrapped and everything but there was no there was no complete control in fact you can see the branch here continue to grow on the side and just kept growing so okay so now when you think about that you did all the training you think you're ready to go and spray the one thing that can throw a bunch of ranch in your plants is the thing that we can always count here in this part of the country gives the wind you know and with that I have several slides here that picked up a couple of locations I'll ask my technicians to give me some numbers here so this is the average wind speed Concord this is just about a 60 mile drop slice out of Yangtas north of Wayne, Nebraska if you guys have maybe no way but Concord is just a small town where university has a station you see in the months of May and June we had about 15 days 20 days that there are wind speeds from 3 to 10 miles an hour so last year they modified the label so the label for this year says don't spray when it's less than 3 miles spray when it's 3 to 10 and don't spray when it's more than 10 miles an hour the reason why they say don't spray but wind speeds less than 3 miles an hour which is actually really a camera intuitive because you would expect that you want to go out and spray chemicals on those nice calm days actually those calm days our weatherman tells us are those where there is a chance for temperature inversion which can induce some of that volatility so basically you could see that you could use about maybe this every other day so you may get ready to go and then you'll have to watch that wind speed this is Amesworth about 19 days and 23 in May and June I hope those are the two months that will be used I hope we don't go into July and then Central City similar story and then New York I shouldn't have as many with the days in May again that wind speed that direction is very important okay so what I'm going to do now I'm going to walk you through some of the research I think Tom Euler has done on the volatility they sprayed all three products out there and then they did an air sampling and they've done all their sampling from 0 to 6 hours after 6 to 12 12, 24 and 24 to 30 see how after spraying so basically this is what some of the equipment looks like after they sprayed they went in and set up this little aspirator the air put in the filter paper and they bring the paper in and run it through this equipment temperature out there was in the about day time was about 90s this was all done in Tennessee and what they're showing here this is the amount of volatility in nanograms that's a 10 and minus 12 per hour which doesn't really matter basically we just got to watch here is the length of these bars so you can see the amount here from 0 to 6 hours from 6 to 12 and then they had a rainfall event that occurred on 12 hours you can see how the volatility dropped way down and that's where I got that idea in fact I talked to Tom he's my good colleague and he's going to repeat this work again and he said yeah that would help if you try to irrigate with these data showing so he did this with the green plants with dead plants which is the residue of the soil and just the filled soil and then basically that's what this is with extended max so you can see the volatility is much higher with the green plants and the dead plants and the filled soil also he did this comparing two different products here against clarity so he's in genie extended max and clarity you can see the amount of volatility especially in those first 12 hours from clarity and extended max and in genie we're actually half as volatile so this vapor drift technology does help with volatility if you compare it to clarity and Tom did this work with Van Well which is the older version of the canva these bars will be twice as long than what they're for clarity so as you can see they keep coming out of these better versions of the canva from the volatility standpoint but still the volatility is there and it can be an issue that's what this slide is showing ok so they also added some round up to it because there was some talks about if you put round up is that going to make it more volatile and apparently not but the deal is here that they have not used any ammonium sulfate in any of these studies so he basically concluded that the canva is there and it can be detected that's what these first four lines are saying but the last two lines is actually a very important point that I'm trying to drive across and he said it himself that all of his research was done on a small quality acres so he said the result of the quality of the volatility and the samples is a small scale research plots but he said it might be a whole different goal game when we start spraying hundreds of thousands of acres with the canva so alright so I guess what I'm going to do now in the last 15 minutes I'm going to talk about my research with the canva that we've done over the last two years this was funded by Nebraska Serbian Board because they're trying to come up with regulations on the use of this in Nebraska so they wanted to see are these injuries real and what kind of yield losses we can have and everything so basically I complied the three products clarity extended max and ingenia we use five micro rates I call them micro rates because they're much lower than the label rate going from one ten, one fifty one hundred, one five hundred and one thousand of the label rate so in order to illustrate this I have to steal some tea spoons and table storms from kitchen my wife was asking what are you going to do with those I said this is called effective extension this is what people can relate to it so one ten of the label rate is equivalent of three tablespoons three tablespoons of the canva over one acre and one acre is a football field so just keep that in the back in your mind when I say three tablespoons over an acre this is like this much the canva if you spray it across the football field one hundred of the label rate is equivalent of a one teaspoon one teaspoon a colleague of mine, Bob mine who does a lot of pesticide application technology working in Nebraska I'm going to steal his tender I could have used one of his slides he said if you take a pipette and you have a one drop of the canva if you put one drop of the canva in the water solution and you spray two point seven acres of round the prairie libertarian conventional organic beans they will cut so one drop over a two point seven acres can cause cupping it doesn't mean that you're going to have yield reduction no, you're not going to have yield reduction but we're just talking about how sensitive are those those beans to the canva so we used three application times I sprayed on the me too second portfolio stage which is the time where we will hopefully use this product and then a beginning flower stage and a full flower the reason why I went with this and this is off the label because it says up to flowering so you're not going to spray on the flowering stage so anyway the reason why I did it is that we may have neighbors that's going to plant at different times if you plant today and your neighbor plants two or three weeks later it takes about four or five days for those beans to develop a leaf so your beans might be flowering or close to flowering stage by the time he goes out to spray his bean tree so we use the canva beans we use round-up ready liver filling conventional we use grapes and tomatoes so my results are showing that all three products equally affected soybean growth and development I'm not going to say this is good product, this is bad product no, all three equal level of injury to non-dating soybeans all three serving types were equally sensitive I think people ask me when I gave these products last year or round-up ready liver filling made it a little bit more tolerant than conventional and I said no, they're not they're all equally sensitive to the canva so now I'm going to walk you through about maybe 20 or so slides where you're going to see a lot of photos but these are the growth parameters that we measure that you'll see photo so there was reduction in plant height up to three feet in some cases there was alteration in the branching pattern you kill the growing point of the beans and you get more branches developing so we see some of that there's quite a bit of canopy closure delay up to 21 days delay flowering 2% so if you have a flower number reduction by 92% so you probably have a 90% yield reduction too and I'll show you that data delay in maturity anywhere from 5 to 25 days a lot of visual injuries there and reduction in soil in height and of all these three growth stages that we sprayed the beginning flower stage was the most sensitive so basically these are some shots now that show cutting of the leaves versus normal leaves what you see here is that the cutting that was telling me about that's where all that new young growth growing and that's where the hormones are kind of rushing in and you can see the effects there first this is the leaf cupping and stem curling versus top of the stem twisting when we sprayed V2 stage versus V7 versus R2 we can see the stems here how they're twisted and this was with ingenia one tenth of the label rate this is what I said earlier you kill the growing point of non-DT soil means if the rate is high enough and then basically you'll get the stunting of the plant for a while and then they're going to start developing branches because the growing point is killed which means the main stem of the plant is shut down which is basically shown in this slide this is a one tenth, one hundredth of the label rate where we see branching that's a good news you know the beans are resilient they they'll produce branches and those branches will produce some yields but we're not going to have a main stem before it falls on each of the of the nodes there the main stems there's some reduction in height for this 32 inches in untreated and one tenth, one hundredth and one thousandth of the label rate as well here's the shots where you can really see this was the application on the end of the flowering stage and you can see where the stem bent there and everything we actually in the weed science have a discipline or sub-sub-discipline that's called a forensic weed science where you can basically by looking at the symptoms and everything you can actually determine when did the drift occur and the destruction that may have only one or two seeds and actually that's pretty visible from this photo that shows a single single seed in the pot and a couple more shots of delayed maturity these are the spray and a non-spray to see how they drop the leaves and they're going to start drying hopefully and everything and these guys are still green and this shot is showing so ok so let's look some numbers one tenth of the label rate which is equivalent to three tablespoons in the ground the pretty liver filling can be conventional and those are the three products the three application times and I can just show you there 60 to 70% visual injury with the one tenth of the label rate which is pretty high rate I don't see that that will be the rate for volatility but this could be a rate for the particle drift or the particle drift that drifted over from the neighbor you know in 150 of the label rate we're still in the 60s and 70s and I'm going to spend too much time on these numbers because they all pretty much tell the same story if you go to 100 of the label rate that will be that one teaspoon rate you can see that one teaspoon you can still get a 60% 60% visual injury 500 of the label rate we're down in the 50s as you can see as you dilute the rate more you get less injury but you can still see quite a bit of that visual and you can see even with one thousand of the label rate we're down in the 30s and 40s and 50s and next year I'm actually repeating this study and I'm going to have a one 10,000 of the label rate and I may even push it up to one 15,000 of the label rate alright so let's talk about yields that's where the rubber meets the road so the V2, this is at stand-the-max application V2 around the pretty beans one tenth of the label rate 150, 100, 500 and one thousand of the label rate you guys can see this on both screens so V2 application we have 63 bushels and non-spray the number in the bracket 3 is the standard arrow that means plus minus how much variation you will have there variability so 63 plus minus 3 because we do this in a 4 replicated trial so that's kind of the standard arrow of that number so when the one tenth of the label rate so the yield dropped down to 33 with one 15 to 48 51, 58 and then 57 so with the one thousandth of the label rate the yield was 57 bushels plus minus 2 when you look at the second application window the one tenth of the label rate the yield dropped from 65 down to 6 bushels and then 152, 45, 53 and then 57 bushels 57 bushels was with the 7 one thousandth of the label rate here on R2 where we're getting 65 versus 61 I know there's a lot of numbers here and I maybe go a little bit faster but at least this is kind of a snapshot and we're going to repeat this next year again alright so that's around the pretty with extended max now with ingenia same layout you can see 60 bushels versus 56 with one thousand V7 64 versus 52 bushels with the so you can see there like almost 10 bushels even with one thousandth of the label rate which is pretty excessively I didn't expect that there and then with the R2 64 to 59 and then when we look at clarity same 63 actually here it stayed 63 and V7 63 versus 55 62 versus 63 so anyway this may look like it actually gained a bushel but actually I didn't put the standards there we're still analyzing data and it makes the slides pretty busy the bottom line is that it's a very similar trend in fact when you look across all three and I think this is the slide that you guys may have in your handouts so you can see a very similar level of yields across all this and then in liver filling beans a very similar story and then with the conventional beans again a very similar story like I said a lot of members and so I don't want to boil on each and every one of these lines too much the bottom line is that yes all these considerations that we use all these summaries can cause yield loss so this work was done also in tomatoes this required quite a bit of babysitting because we plant these in pots and we had to do a lot of watering the picture here on the top shows beans with that kill growing point there you know that was like literally about a couple weeks after spraying and the plant looks sick for a while and eventually they develop branches and they keep going as I shown in some of the previous photos looking at the tomato you can see this what we call a canker like a callus because of the growth of this and there is the grapes that we fortunately killed looking at all three different products for grapes about the same level of injury as much as about 60% 60% across regardless of the type of injury or the type of product you can see the one tenth of the label rain killed these these were two year old their root ceilings that we bought a bunch I think I bought over a thousand ceilings because we were doing all these different rates and everything and then we had five plants for each plot so anyway so the one tenth of the label rate killed those ceilings and the one hundredth and one five some injuries there all the other ones didn't have as much injury and there is the shot of the one hundredth and one tenth of the label rate and there is no fruits here obviously because they are too young to produce any fruits tomato we had more injury up to about 80% but there was no difference between the three three products they are equalling detrimental to this and you can see the non-spray tomatoes even has fruits there and these are the one tenth and one hundredth of the label rate you know that were previously stunted and no flowers production whatsoever so I just have two more slides and I'm pretty much done so the bottom line is that yes the non-dacamba tolerant beans are sensitive we need to watch how we use it what we do with it. I added this slide a couple slides here this is the last few times there is and I would say mostly an anecdotal story is out there that if you have a drift of that dacamba and you are the organic and I do have one of the organic guys and I know you guys have organic people here in South Dakota that complain about this drift and there is people out there saying oh come on you may actually get a boost in the yield you know not really a drop in the yield so a colleague of mine Andrew Kines he is from Wyoming he is a younger guy he likes statistics and number crunching and all that so basically he did a meta-analysis and this is presented literally just about two weeks ago of the National Weed Science Society meeting and he combined the data from well those response studies that were conducted between 2000 and 2016 which is basically the graph here showing this is the research that was published in the weed science literature by different scientists there is some guy that did it as early as 69 there is some people from 2016 14 13 there is even my study from 17 I send in my data and from the some of the other years anyway so I was happy to see that my yields and this is the camera those that will cause 2.5% yield loss so I can see that my numbers are right in the line where some of the other colleagues did it but obviously those colleagues did the work from previous years primarily with clarity or bandwidth and the maths and genia so my numbers are right there right there in the line of the others and then basically he concluded that there was no evidence so increased soybean yields from those low low levels of the camp exposure so that's why I'm going to be you know adding some more lower rates in my research next year so this is my very last slide I don't know what what the future is going to bring the one thing I want to say for sure first is that this labels of the camp and gene FxPan expire this year so at the end of this year the EPA needs to decide whether they're going to let them re-label this or come up with a new label so nobody knows what's going to be there's going to be more training more government regulations whatever might be out there so I don't know what the future is going to bring from that I heard some rumors that EPA say this year we have a lot of problems and drift and complaints we may not even allow a labeling of this which my gut feeling is that's probably not going to happen but again those are just my speculations speculations and you can take it however you want nobody knows what's really going to happen next year what are some of my future plans basically I plan on repeating this work and then also I'm going to initiate another two years of study with endless technology with 2 4D technology 2 4D is kind of a younger brother or however you want to call it nearly as well as the camp but there might be still issues with the particle drift so I'm going to initiate the whole work with enlist one this year and then hopefully next year as well so anyway with that I'm going to start morning and if you guys have any questions I guess I I think I did about an hour and three minutes or something like that three there you are thank you that's all I have guys