 Excellent. Distinguished delegates and participants, dear colleagues, very good morning, afternoon, or evening, depending on your time zone. And welcome to the third issue of the FAO in Geneva Nutrition Dialogue Series, which we jointly organize with the Food and Nutrition Division at FAO at Quarta in collaboration with the Brussels VESO Office. And we have Rashad Al-Khapaji with us from the Brussels VESO Office. And my name is Dominique Bourgeois, and I am the director of the FAO liaison office with the UN in Geneva. And I will be moderating today's session. Before we start, let me give you a few details regarding the logistics and housekeeping for this virtual discussion. This webinar will be, as usual, in English only with no interpretation. It will be recorded and will be later available on our website, along with the various related resources relevant to this session. It is scheduled to last for about one hour and 30 minutes. We have, as usual, reserved some times towards the end of the webinar for a Q&A session. So please submit your question in the Q&A module, not in the regular chat box. And we're trying to accommodate as many interventions as possible. If you have any problem or technical issue, please send a message in the chat box and we're going to fix it. That's all for the housekeeping. And I would love, like, to take a few moments to introduce today's discussion and our speakers. We are very pleased to have with us today a number of distinguished speakers. We intervene on the topic of urban food systems for better diets. Today, we will hear from Ms. Cecilia Marotino, who is the Urban Agenda Coordinator in the Food Systems Divisions of FAO. We hear from Dr. Ashish Bharati, the Health Officer for the State of Maharashtra Agri-Business and Rural Transformation Project in India. Mr. Stephen Otieno, who is the Senior Manager for Climate Action Planning in C40 Nairobi. Mr. Abel Daboula, the Head of Programme of Gain Mozambique. We also have Ms. Jessica Poulard, the Nutrition Expert Leading on UN Food Systems Submit Action from WHO, who will facilitate the panel reflecting on the case studies presented and actions in for urban space to further access to better diet and improve nutrition. We left in that panel discussion Cecilia Marotino, as well as Tratton Abu-Mugisha, the Country Project Manager for our site and Life Wanda, and Ms. Charlotte Flechette, International Food Smart Cities Program Director at RICOLTO. Thank you very much colleagues for agreeing to be with us today. Dear participants, as you know the purpose of these webinars is to enable us to collectively learn from the field experience in taking action to leverage the power of agri-food systems to improve nutrition while also achieving other development goals. We aim to feed and inform policy making with field examples. As it is a practice in this nutrition dialogue series, we'll start by sharing with you the lessons we learned from our webinar last month, which brought a wide range of speakers together to discuss food systems for addressing acute malnutrition and advancing better livelihoods in Africa's dry land from research to action. And to do so, I will it is my pleasure to give the floor to Professor Corina Oaks, Senior Nutrition Consultant in the FAO Liaison Office in Geneva and also Director of the Center for Food Policy at City University of London, who facilitated the discussion in our nutrition dialogue last time. So Corina, the floor is yours. Thank you very much Dominique and good day to everyone. Thank you very much for joining. Excellencies, distinguished delegates and participants and colleagues. The lessons we learned from the last webinar have really important implications for how we move forward in agri-food systems research and practice for nutrition. The intervention we learned about in the last webinar had positive impacts on diets and nutrition. So it changes in livestock feeding practices in past dry lands. And this was really good news. It was excellent to be listening to a webinar with such positive results, especially since rates of acute malnutrition among children are incredibly high in these areas. And we learned about what underpinned that success. The first learning was that formative research to understand the basic systemic drivers of malnutrition had been really crucial to the success of that intervention because it enabled an in-depth understanding of the context-specific drivers and it enabled the building of community perspectives into the design of the intervention. What we learned was that we need to see more of this kind of formative research. We think about this design well. A second learning was that the design of agri-food systems interventions to influence nutrition also need to consider interactions with other systems. In this case, agri-food systems were influenced by livelihood systems, which were in turn influenced by environmental systems. And addressing the problem also required an understanding of the socio-cultural systems in that context. And understanding these interactions and the role of these different systems enabled the intervention to take into account all of these different elements. Third and related, agri-food systems interventions that take into account women's vulnerabilities are much more likely to be effective given the burden of field and childcare on women is typical in most settings. And if women are going to have these responsibilities, understanding their perspectives and needs is vital. Fourth, strong coordination and capacity strengthening between different departments, sectors, such as house, agriculture, education, water and labour, enabled more custom working. Fifth, recognising interlinkages between systems can help produce co-benefits, not just about improving nutrition. In this case, the intervention also improved animal health, gender equity and livelihoods. And finally, gathering evidence of impact can fuel scale-up of effective agri-food interventions. Piloting and proving interventions can work and the conditions in which they work, and garner support from donors and others to scale up, albeit recognising that agri-food systems interventions always need to be tailored to the context. So although generated from a particular context, these are evidently important cross-cutting lessons agri-food systems interventions for nutrition and beyond, and we look forward to learning more from the dialogue today. With that, back to you Dominique. Thank you very much Corina. Indeed, we are committed to start every meeting with a wrap-up or the main conclusions of the previous one. So thank you again Corina, and excellent distinguished delegates and participants, their colleagues. Before moving on to our distinguished speakers today, I would like to briefly introduce the topic of today's dialogue. You just heard that our last dialogue indeed focused on the drylands, and today we will discuss a very different topic, cities and towns. The phenomenon of urbanisation, as you know, has been unfolding rapidly for many years, and over actually over half of the world population lives in cities, and by 2050 an estimated 2 per will live in urban areas. This is why we at FAO, together with our partners, have increasingly focused on how to ensure that the agri-food systems in cities are fit for purpose in feeding their population in ways that address this nutrition, while simultaneously minimizing waste, making sustainable use of resources, and supporting economic development, improving nutrition and harnessing the potential of urbanisation to support social outcomes are an important part of the 2030 agenda and the SDGs. This is particularly the case, as you know, through SDG2 on ending hunger and malnutrition, and SDG11, which aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. One of the principles underpinning these dialogues is that food security and nutrition objective should not be addressed in isolation, as they are inextricably connected with sustainability objectives of other sectors. This is particularly true in urban context, where the interconnection between food, public health, social protection, agriculture, environment, tourism, housing and employment and transport, energy and land use is evident. In that context, today's dialogue will provide examples of how municipalities are working to address nutrition, while also considering other development objectives. So now going straight into our presentation, we'll start by hearing from Miss Cecilia Marochino, the Urban Agenda Coordinator in the Food Systems Division of FAO, who will present the Urban Agenda as a framework and resource in which FAO and partners action in urban space are aligned. Cecilia Marochino. Good morning. Thank you, Dominique. And thank you, colleagues, for this invitation. So I think the screen is shared. So let me start introducing some key facts to explain why cities are emerging as a key entry point for promoting sustainable food systems transformation. First of all, as Dominique was already mentioning, over half of the global population is currently residing in urban area, and this is expected to rise. In 2050, more than two-thirds of all people may be living in urban area. And global urbanization to 2050 could lead to a net addition of 2.4 billion people, two towns and cities. Then there is another point that cities consume almost 80% of the total energy produced in the world while producing 70% of the global waste. They also account for about 70% of the global energy related green gas emission. Moreover, according to FAO, about 70% of food produced globally is consumed by inhabitant chimera classified as urban, and this is expected to increase with the further urbanization. We also need to highlight that many urban and peri-urban communities are exposed to food and nutrition insecurity, particularly in developing countries, combined with the rate of overweight and obesity, which are on the rise, particularly in urban setting. We need to highlight that urbanization impact food consumption patterns. Higher urban income tends to increase demand for processed food, as well as animal-sourced food. In developing countries, in urban area, a significant proportion of individual food consumption occurs outside the home, mainly with the food provided by street food vendors, fast food, and with this change, the nutrient content of diet is changing. Typically, diet are becoming higher in salt, fat, and sugar. So my first key point is that with this level of urbanization, we do all these challenges that sitting are facing in terms of waste management, increased pressure of natural resources. It is fundamental to recognize the role that cities and local government can play in accelerating sustainable food system transformation and in promoting the access to nutritious food and healthy diet. Next, please. So cities have enormous potential when it comes to food system transformation. We have done an FAO survey undertaken in 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on urban food system. And with this survey, we clearly demonstrated the central role that cities and local government played in limiting the effect of the pandemic on the health and food security of their citizens and in the efforts to ensure access to food for the most vulnerable. We collected 8,861 responses from 77 countries, with 57% of respondents being members of local government. And the responses cover different typology of cities from metropolitan to intermediary and rural towns. And the broad geographical and city size distribution of the responses generated insight into the range of challenges and approach that were adopted. The key point in this survey, this survey has found that action at the local level in most of the case are not sufficiently supported. Cities are really doing a lot, but they are not sufficiently supported by appropriated resources and co-particularly coordination with action at the national level. Therefore, my second point is that it is fundamental to prioritize an urban food system and bridge the national, local governance and policy gap. Next, please. FAO has decided from long time to prioritize the urban food system agenda and to support local and sub-national government in integrated food system in their policy planning and actions. Over the past decade, we have made the case for of the fundamental importance of engaging with cities in our work. And the FAO framework was launched for the urban food agenda, has been launched in 2018. It refers to four guiding principles, urban rural linkage, social inclusion and equity, resilience and sustainability, and the system thinking, the food system connection, the connection between the different component and the food system and the connection between food system and other systems. The approach includes supporting cities in establishing the multi-stakeholder food governance mechanism, undertaking the urban food system holistic analysis and implementing a number of concrete action which are entry point using specific entry point such as urban and peri-urban agriculture, public food procurement, market and food retailing environment, food waste management. Next, please. Moreover, in 2020, the Green Cities Action Program has been launched by the Director General which include urban food system at the center of the implementation plan. The Green Cities aim at mainstreaming food system and green spaces in local policy planning and action focus on urban, peri-urban agriculture, forestry and food system and aim at reach 1,000 cities in 10 years. Next, please. Moreover, FAO has launched a new priority program which is called Achieving Sustainable Urban Food System and is currently one of the 20 priority program of our strategic program 2022-2031. And this is a clear sign of the strategic importance that FAO is increasingly giving to this topic. This PPA brings together FAO Urban Food System work under the framework of the Green Cities Initiative and provide the overall framework for FAO urban work including the Urban Food Agenda and the Green Cities Initiative which I mentioned before. And with this priority program, we aim at support national and local decision makers of small intermediary and metropolitan cities to initiate, coordinate and scale up actions and investments towards urban and territorial food system transformation. So we aim at having impact at different level on gender equality and on healthy diet, on the resilience and sustainability and on the management of national resources. So next, please. Another piece of work is what FAO has been doing during the United Nations Food Systems Summit convened by UN Secretary General last year. In this context, it has been established a specific urban food system coalition to promote coherent action on urban food system to elevate the voice of local government in global fora and particularly start working across different level of government. So the main goal of the key objective of the coalition is really to support local and sub-national government in getting engaged in global policy space following on the extensive exchange conducting during the Food Systems Summit, sharing knowledge and information on urban food system at the global level and also promote peer-to-peer exchange on urban food system between national and local government. And as a follow-up of the UN Food Systems Summit, so the coalition aim is to support national government to include cities and local government in the process of implementation of their pathways and other relevant agreement. Next, please. So with the reference under the framework of the priority program, achieving sustainable urban food system and in considering the FAO framework for the urban food agenda. So there are a number of initiative on urban food system. We have a project, a global project like the feeding urbanization. We have the project at national level in Dhaka, in Kenya, covering intermediary small and the metropolitan cities. And we have a number of what we call a quick inaction under the framework of the green cities initiative all related to urban food system. I want to mention quickly some of these work that we are doing in FAO. So for instance, the project feeding urbanization. So it's a project where we are using the FAO framework for the urban food agenda as supporting cities in establishing food governance mechanism involving more than 30 institution and civil society organization. So we have mapped the retail environment, the retail market to inform the policy-making process. We have worked on agro-cogeological garden. So we have also implemented fabric procurement scheme and more than 50 cooperative have been supported to apply this public procurement process and also try to connect the production to the school meals program involving more, targeting more of around 40,000 children and those in Ecuador, in Porto Viejo, in an intermediary cities and in the province of Manabi in Ecuador. So next please. I want to also to mention the importance of entry point. So I was mentioning that the actions that we can implement at the local level, we can have different entry point, procurement, market, urban and peri-urban agriculture. So and then according to the different needs and the different priority at the local level, the entry point is always selected at the local level through a multi-stakeholder process. But what is important, of course, these are just entry point, could be food waste management, market, food distribution, but what is fundamental is and what we are trying to work with the cities is to promote the system thinking, and connect a food system with other system. To conclude, there is no doubt that a greater focus on urban food system is critical to delivering the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. We will continue raising the voice of local government and promote sustainable urban food system transformation in various global fora, for instance at the World Urban Forum in Katowice, which will happen next week. Thank you. Thank you very much Cecilia for this excellent presentation and for highlighting indeed that with the level of urbanization and the challenge that we are dealing with, it is fundamental to recognize the role of cities in accelerating sustainable food system transformation. Thank you also for presenting the result of your survey when you demonstrated the role of cities and municipalities in limiting the COVID impact. I think it was important also to know about the FAO framework for urban food agenda and its principles and the ambitious FAO green cities action program, but also to remind us that in view of its importance, this agenda is really one of the pillar of the FAO strategic framework and also for presenting a couple of examples. So thank you very much for that, Cecilia. And we know here from Dr. Ashish Barati, the health officer from the state of Mahara Chatra, Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project in India. We'll share with us the experience of the process of setting up the multi-stakeholder group on nutrition input systems in the municipality of Pune. Dr. Barati, the floor is yours and thank you very much for joining us from the field. The floor is yours. So good afternoon everyone. I am Dr. Ashish Barati, I'm the chief health officer from Pune Municipal Corporation. I have done my MD in public health and I have worked at state level in the health and nutrition department and I've been deputed to the Pune Corporation and I'm working here since two years. I will be focusing on how the Pune city has been involved in setting up the multi-stakeholder groups for making a robust food health system and a resident food system for the city. So these would be the topics in brief which I would be covering in my presentation. I will be giving overview of the nutritional status in the city and the various partnerships and initiatives which PMC has been implementing to achieve good health for the citizens of Pune. And finally, the formation of the multi-stakeholder group. So this is about Pune city. As we know, Pune is a metro city in our country and it is the second most popular city in the country and second most popular city in the state of Maharashtra. It is neighboring to the economic capital of India that is Mumbai. And more than five million population people are residing in the Pune city. And we all know Pune, it was being called the Oxford of the East and having the maximum number of colleges of all faculty, all fields and ample of employment opportunities are there in Pune city. So in the city we have a huge amount of migration we have a large number of students in coming from all the neighboring districts and neighboring states and also migrant laborers who come for work in the city. Now about, in short about the Pune Municipal Corporation Pune means in the Pune city we have two municipal corporations. One is the Pune Municipal Corporation and the other is the Pimpre Chinswad Municipal Corporation. We have a executive branch and a deliberative branch both govern the city and the executive branch is headed by honorable commissioner municipal commissioner of Pune Municipal Corporation and the deliberative branch is headed by the mayor. And the budget outlay as we can see here is 8,592 crores for a year. Now regarding the nutritional status these are the figures which are taken from the NITI IO dashboard which was formed based on the findings of NFHS national family health survey and DLHS district level household surveys. So as we see from this slide we can see that out of the surveyed children nearly about 25% children had strunting, wasting and they were underweight. So if you look at the figures of strunted, wasted and underweight children out of the surveyed population of children 25% were having strunting, wasting and underweight. As we can also see, nutritional anemia is quite prevalent in the city. It is more in the adolescent girls and women and more than 50% of children are affected by nutritional anemia. During the household surveys we can, during the household survey, when the survey team had visited the houses they came to know that food insecurity accounted for almost 25%. Out of which severe food insecurity was reported by around 10% of households and 42% reported of like they had insufficient food intake or less food was available with them, less food options were available with them. So this is in short about the nutritional status of the city. Like I previously told Pune is a totally urban like more than 60% of population is urban. We have around more than 550 slums are there out of which around 230 are registered slums and others are formed due to the migrated population who come to the city and they reside somewhere and those are temporary slums. So around 550 slums are on record out of which 230 are registered slums. And as we know the overall increasing population also demands to make available the food for these people. Like the supply has to match the demand of the increasing population. There are various dietary patterns, various food habits which affect this demand. Like most of the population are around 20% of the population which stay in Pune city right now. They are the students who have come from outside. They prefer outside food. They keep on going to neighboring places and so there is a great demand for street food and for this reason we need to increase the supply outlet. Now to meet this challenge of catering to demand of a growing population. Pune Municipal Corporation has taken a few steps in order to make a resident food system, food delivery system, food handling system. So we have been in partnership with a project called Bindi. Bindi is the Birmingham Indian Nutrition Initiative. It was started long back into 2016 which has enabled us to share more experiences and running some pilot projects. Which are definitely helping us to frame our policies at state and national level. Pune has also been a signatory to Milan urban food policy pack which has been focusing on developing sustainable food systems and helping the food systems to make more food secure and resilient. This is about the Bindi study, Birmingham Indian Nutrition Study in which more than 3,000 adults were surveyed and out of the findings some important findings have been shown here. Majority people were concerned about the unhealthy street food like street food consumption is more and unhealthy street food was a issue of concern by a majority of people and most of the people who prefer outside eat at home and even they prefer to eat outside as well. The commonest food item which is consumed outside home is food, tea and coffee. And some of the citizens suggestions which came out of the study Bindi project were that younger population wanted that the fruits and vegetables to be more affordable and the middle school which is run by our education department. Some people suggested that raw ingredients should be directly taken from the farmers and some stressed upon adding nutrition education in the school curriculum and most of the employees which were surveyed they had demanded for healthy canteens. So these were some of the findings and concerns of the Bindi project. From this slide, I want to show the importance of developing a robust urban food system. Like we are all aware that the Pune city is one of the biggest metro in India and we do have a farmer, weekly farmer markets which are located in war levels in Pune city. We have 15 wars which are geographically located in various areas. And in each war we have a weekday designated as the weekly farmers market in which the farmers from the rural areas they come and they sell their products there. So we need to have a robust food, urban food system. Now the aim of the urban smart project is to improve the nutrition intake of citizens residing in Pune corporation area. And the objectives of this project are to build safe food systems and improve the nutritional status through other generation making the food accessible and available to citizens. And also through building a strong rural impetus like I previously said. So these are the various components of the urban food smart project these are broad outcomes which we propose to achieve. We want to achieve behavior change among the citizens or behavior change among the food handlers by training and our generation by contacting the food suppliers, hotels, restaurants, employees of our corporation who go for visiting and finding these things. Now also there is a need to build a proper robust infrastructure for the weekly farmers market which I previously said which are in the 15 months. We need to provide infrastructure sanitation facilities and disposal of solid waste and which are generated as these facilities. Also development of warehouses to store the harvested food items which come to the city for being available to the local citizens. Also we want to achieve we want to improve the boat meat value chain like we have government run slaughterhouses. We want to develop clean environment at these places clean handling, clean cutting, clean selling and proper storage and waste disposal to our outcome improvement of the boat value. And lastly through the, we want to assess our system through the guidelines given by FAO and definitely increase knowledge and build the capacity of our stakeholders. Now these are the major challenges which were previously identified lack of food management and planning and high level of food loss in efficient transportation and storage which need to be improved. Now this is the multi stakeholder group which we have already formed. It was based on the situation analysis which was previously done by the Bindi project and these group comprises of government stakeholders from various departments, UN agencies, civil society, private sector all the stakeholders which are playing their role in the Pune city. And we would definitely benefit by this project by building a resilient food system. And this is the process which we followed and very recently we would be having different training and review sessions with these multiple stakeholders which play their role in building the resilience of food systems in Pune city. So I on behalf of the Pune corporation believe that these initiatives will definitely help improve our food systems, assess the food systems, improve them, bridge the gaps and definitely provide good nutrition to our citizens residing in Pune city. And lastly, I thank the team at Geneva for giving me this opportunity to give a brief overview of nutrition in Pune city. Thank you. Thank you, Dr. Barati and really very impressive presentation and I apologize if we didn't have enough time to go into the detail of it because I think it's indeed a very rich experience built in a context that is indeed very emblematic of what we try to achieve. One of the most popular city in India and I think you are very well illustrated the challenges that you are facing including on the nutrition side with indeed quite high level on most of the indicators but in the meantime, the initiative and partnership taken by the Pune municipal corporation including in the context of the BINDI project and the SMART project. So thank you very much for that and we will make sure that all the material that you have been using as well as your details are being put on the FAO website so that people who want to reach out to you and have more details have the opportunity to do so because I think it's indeed a very, very interesting project that you have made. So thank you Dr. Barati for that and we know here from Mr. Abel Daboula, the head of program of Game Mozambique will speak about resilient informal food markets, nutrition and governance which is a case study of PEMBA in Mozambique. So Dr. Daboula, Mr. Daboula, the floor is yours. Hello, good morning everyone. Good morning everyone. Good morning CEO and we can see your presentation so please go ahead. Thank you so much. So this is about the resilient informal food markets, nutrition and governance. A case study of PEMBA Mozambique. My name is Abel Daboula, I'm the head of programs in Mozambique and this is also by Anne Treven Jones, our colleague which leads the food system governance program. So this is the outline of our presentation. We will touch some on hunger, malnutrition and local food markets, PEMBA city context, our resilient work and then gain food system approach and lately some information about that and policy options. You can see clearly from the map PEMBA city is pointed out this in the north and as we proceed you will see more, you will hear more about it. So hunger, malnutrition and local food markets. So our focus is on just food systems transformation. So we are looking at those living on low incomes most vulnerable to malnutrition. Of course, we're also looking at gender transformation in new plants but here gender, we're not looking just as from a perspective of data segregation. We also looking at options or alternatives interventions to make sure that women get engaged in a different stage of governance. Let's say for instance market committees for instance. And so we operate intervene in unique urban contests. So we look at the contests, specific contests of each city or urban areas. And another angle we look at double burden of malnutrition. For example, especially in stress environment. For example, underweight, overweight, obesity, a hither hunger and a deathquake consumption of micronutrients. Here includes also some green leaves, especially in areas of stress, such as in the case in the city where access to food is really, really a challenge. So hunger, malnutrition and local food markets. We for us traditional food markets or markets is all about access including special distribution of staple and nutritious food. Because essentially the major challenge for most of the vulnerable people is the access to food and nutritious products. We also look and get safe, desirable, diverse and affordable food products. Those are four key indicators that really push the agenda of people that are looking to access to food products. When it comes to liens, Pemba City for instance, has short and long fragile food system value chain. Pemba does not have large land for agriculture. Especially for urban agriculture and is really let's say the trade of food products mainly made by street vendors. Currently we are working with the city council to ensure that they build a new wholesale market. And this is in combination and collaboration with the whole union of wholesale markets. Markets is not just about food products, it's also about incomes and jobs. So for example, in these contexts that we are discussing today, we are talking about also SMEs like transport, the spare human farmers, vendors and of course obviously consumers who are most vulnerable. To talk about Pemba City, I would like to share with you a short video that will contextualize more about the city. Cities are unique. They have unique food systems and unique challenges. Pemba, a port city in Mozambique, is situated in the oil and gas rich province of Cabo Delgado where conflict has been intensifying. This is displacing people including many lone children who are continuously arriving in Pemba and surroundings. Pemba residents also have multiple health challenges like malaria, HIV and or AIDS and cholera. Dry conditions reducing vegetable production yields and cyclones and tropical storms which have extensively damaged infrastructure. COVID-19 worsened the impact of these challenges. It disrupted food systems, especially around traditional markets and reduced access to healthy diets. People's livelihoods, food security, nutrition, income, jobs and health were impacted. So, this is a brief context of Pemba. To give you a kind of in-depth analysis of context, let's say, looking at Pemba food insecurity between April and September 2021 when we start our intervention in this particular city, you're looking on your left, you'll see the food insecurity and Pemba was already stressed looking at acute malnutrition situation. Also, we were in serious concerns, but May 22 in projection on your right, June, September 22 shows us that this feels a very stress area. I mean, the reason of the stress, it's combination of climate change, cyclones, a heavy rains in some of the areas of the province, some droughts, but also the armed conflict which is essentially a tourism conflict. And we have a lot of displaced people moving from different areas to Pemba which is the capital city. And of course, they're looking for a more safe and security place. But this particular slide shows us the vulnerability and demographic and profile of people that are moving in. But for instance, just to give us an idea, Pemba city back in 2017 was around 175,000 people. And today, according to this poll data is about 382. So we have the double of the population city which pressed the overall food system and of course the demand for food products. So based on that contest of the COVID-19 gained through its program, keep food markets working, we in collaboration of the city of Pemba, we implemented several activities, mainly the markets. At that time, markets were not closed necessarily, but the market vendor face huge challenge to access to products is the many, most of the products are imported from South Africa or Zimbabwe. And of course, a great portion from a local production. But this shows how Pemba needs a lot of food products. So this project was implemented in Pemba and beta Mozambique and other cities in Africa and Asia. So essentially, we also built through this program a local food systems dashboard with the cities. And of course, this was possible due to connection to other six work streams within game, including two focus on SMEs and food safety. So resilience markets 2022 onwards. Our focus will be just on food safety and nutrition, food system nutrition transition. We've focused on inclusive and equitable, let's say, transition. Pemba is going to be our focus. Of course, it's a continuation of the work that we have done as demonstrated before. World sale market is on the way to be built. We understand that the world sale market will be the key driver of the whole food system in that particular city because as we discussed before, most of the products are important and we need to make sure that products are available throughout the year. And of course, the sub-national dashboard will continue in this particular phase. So gains approach for the resilient food markets. We essentially, we are driven by local lead and contextual analysis of each particular region where we operate, multi-stakeholder defensers, with participatory and people centered. We're looking at resilient food markets in the sense of not just having food products available, but making sure that all stakeholders have access to different means to ensure that this works properly. City focus supporting the cities as main stakeholder connected across government. For instance, we have been working with the national secretariat for food safety and food security and nutrition. And ultimately, it's all about a food system framework. So give you more details on our approach, government multi-stakeholders for governance multi-stakeholder, for instance, market committees, SMEs, World Sale Markets, know your food systems, evidence base. And here we really privilege the evidence as our key element of decision when we decide interventions. Mobilizing nutrition and community. Here we are looking at training market vendors to become champions, especially when it comes to food safety, waste and health foods. External network, it's all about connecting different stakeholders, but Pemba itself, it's already a member of Milan-Jurban Food Policy City as such. So talking about evidence, as I said, under this program, keep food markings working in Pemba City, working with the stakeholders of the city, including the city managers, we came up to this rapid news assessment that gave us this information. Overall, the major food being sold were vegetables, 50% and legumes, 40%. Here the most interesting is to see that people that were not selling in Pemba before the COVID, I mean, within, let's say timeframe of one to three years is about 33%, which means that the pressure of IDPs displaced people from other regions to Pemba is real high in this city. So from this work, the city council and its stakeholders managed to come up with 11 key areas of interventions and 54 actions. Those actions include the policy and coordination. And policy, it's not always about a new policy or a new loan, it's mostly about having the right and key stakeholders to interpret, to implement and to own the leadership on existing policies, which most of the, in most cases, are not implemented correctly. So from the work, the city of Pemba came up with a key intervention and priority interventions for their own governance. One of them is the market infrastructure, which we now we are giving response with this wholesale market, but capacity of markets of governance, cold storage for instance, which is critical since Pemba is a very, very tropical city. Temperatures are averaging about 30 to 35 cells degrees. Emergence of new informal street markets, which is over in overall place of the Pemba. The group and food system, lack of human agriculture and ineffective use of human and variable green space, loss of income, jobs, prices, power, all those are the priorities identified and selected by the city council as their key priorities. So in the end, after all our support, the city council came up with, let's say a very strong plan of actions. And they are now equipped to proceed with more, let's say, coordinated interventions. So a key points on actions, public and private partnership at the short and long term, for instance, are really the key to ensure that this will work, especially when you talk about the food systems, inclusive multistakeholders, but mostly looking at the technology, although we are talking about a country that is considered one of the poor, it comes to technologies advancing a lot and technology can be used to ensure that the markets and all stakeholders around the market can be more informant and timely informant in terms of coordinating the activities. So I would like to thank you. Thank you so much, Dr. Daboula for this presentation, for indeed presenting the game approach to the situation and to the particular case of Pemba, which at the top of the challenges it was facing before, of course, is also to deal with the situation related to the capital, the Gado insecurity, which always been exacerbated by COVID. I like the importance of evidence for decision making, the importance of the rapid needs assessment that enables you to work with the municipality of Pemba to identify the right set of short and long-term interventions that need to be implemented, and including, as you said, the use of technologies, for example, information, which is indeed very important. So thank you very much, Dr. Daboula for this presentation, and I will now move to our last speaker for the first part, which is Mr. Stephen Otieno, Senior Manager for Climate Action Planning in C-40 Nairobi, will speak about reducing food waste as a means of aligning efforts on climate and nutrition. Stephen, the floor is yours. Thank you very much. Since we have an issue with the connection, Stephen, you may want to turn off your video. We have an issue, and we try again, Mr. Otieno. Okay, we seem to have an issue with Mr. Otieno, so we may need then to move to the next part if we are not able to reconnect him, and go into the panel discussion and then see if we can have Mr. Otieno later on. But now, so we'll go into the panel discussion segment of our session today, and our panelists will reflect on the case studies. I see that Mr. Otieno is back. Mr. Otieno, are you there? Yeah, I'm here. Apologies, my internet's off. Okay, so please, please go ahead with your presentation. Sorry for that, colleagues. Thank you very much. And you may want to turn off your video while you speak. Sure. So today I'll speak to you about reducing food waste as a means of aligning efforts on climate and nutrition, and I'll base my case study on the work that we've done in the city of Nairobi, but also the work that we continue to do at C40 cities. Next slide, please. I'll begin with this context from the Eat Lancet report. That was released some time back that shows the diet gap that we're experiencing in developing countries, and looking at the shifting dietary patterns that are actually associated, especially in developing countries in terms of consumption of ultra-processed food. If you look at the image on your left, that's the global planet of health boundary. But if you look at the one on the right, that's mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. And you can see that there's low consumption of whole grains, vegetables, and dairy. But also you can see that it's skewed towards high consumption, especially of starchy food. So that is something to consider, especially right now as we look at the environmental and climate risks that most of the staples are facing, the economic inflation risks, and also the geopolitical risks that are actually pushing more people into hunger. Next slide, please. A brief context about the city of Nairobi. Currently, I think we're around 5 million people, but official records from 2019 shows 4.4 million people. That is an increase of about 29% from the 2009 figures. So you can see the population is continuing to increase. Only 20% of the food that is consumed is actually generates more than 2,400 tons of waste per day. And the most significant to note is that 65% of this waste is actually organic, but it all ends up in the dump site. So that's quite significant when you talk about the mitigation potential. Next slide, please. Access to food in Nairobi is, I think, one of the biggest challenges that we have at the moment. And by access, I mean our affordability, availability of adequate and nutritious food. You can see that people access food from different sources, of course, and places the majority of households in Nairobi actually more than 80% according to a latest survey. They rely on purchased food to meet their household needs. And that corresponds to between 30 to 40% of their disposable income. Of course, the main food that is purchased, as I mentioned, staples, there's a little bit of vegetables and fruits. And of course, red meat and poultry and dairy. Let's go to the next slide, please. Wow, another significant challenge that we have in the city in terms of reducing food losses actually being pointed out in the markets is poor infrastructure. So if you look at the photo on your left, then you can see that was about two, four years ago. That's the same market that was not well sort of designed and you can see the challenges that are there in terms of drain agents on and you can see the impulse that they're making potentially inaccessible for most consumers. But on the right, that's the current market that has just been improved by the city government. And you can see that it improves actually food handling and reduces food loss. So that's one of the challenges that has been, the city government has been working on in terms of improving infrastructure in markets. Next slide, please. I want to present the framework for Nairobi's food system strategy. Nairobi officially launched its food system strategy on the 5th of last month after it was passed by the council. There's a lot of work that FAO has been supporting this work. Also to note that I joined C40 on second day, second main from FAO to support the city to develop this strategy. So there's a lot of work that I've been doing in terms of developing the strategy and the methodology that they use. Of course, you can see on your left in terms of sort of creating a multi-stakeholder platform that helped from the first step of the analytical studies. They developed a rapid urban food system assessment results tool, which they call the RUFSA tool. And with the gaps that were identified, they were able to support the city and to come up with a food system strategy. And this food system strategy, you can see that has four key objectives. The first one is to increase food production from the city. As I mentioned earlier, only 20% of the food that is consumed in the city is actually produced here. Then of course there's a stable food supply and income. And then the third one, which is the Q1 is the reduction of food losses. And then of course to improve the welfare of food consumers that ties closely to food safety. The city strategy on food loss is actually threefold. So one of the key strategies actually to enhance value addition to promote food recovery, especially working with private sector, hotels and so on. And then of course to increase the cycling of food waste which is actively working to support the city. There are three, four key aspects that we found that were interesting in the development of the strategy. And that is first of all because in cities, most cities work in silos and there was very difficult for the city to actually position this work in one department. So the first thing that they did was actually to change the name from the agriculture and fisheries and forestry to the food agriculture and forestry, which was actually very impactful in terms of giving this that mandate. And then of course there was a creation of a direct trade to spearhead that work. Then the third point, which is really critical was the creation of multi-sectoral food system coordination committee. And with this, as I've seen now also Abel and Dr. Shiz mentioned, Nairobi is also a member of the Milano food policy pact. And what they have in Nairobi is that they have a rotational chair of that pact. So currently there's the head of the education department. It's there and then the next year, the head of the health deck located in the city, sits on that chair. So there's all that cross-sectoral coordination within the city, which is very important. And then of course there's engagement of a multi-stakeholder food advisory liaison group, which has also launched with the food strategy, which really helps to includes all these stakeholders to support this strategy. Next slide, please. Closely tied to that is another key milestone, the Nairobi climate action plan, which C40 supported the city to develop, which was launched last week on the 14th of June. I'll be able to share with you all these documents later on. One of the key notes that we, in terms of reducing food waste that Nairobi city has actually prioritized in the climate action plan is to transition to a circular economy, create material recovery facilities, and just to make sure that as little as, I think 20% or 30% of their waste ends up in the dam sites and not the current 65% that is already there. So the plans and ready to implement actions that have already been highlighted in the plan that we can be able to read after this. Next slide, please. Secondly, there is also sort of an alignment between the food system strategy and the Nairobi climate action plan. And this is, you can say this is in terms of helping, as I mentioned before, reducing the emissions that are coming from the markets. This is a photo of one of the markets that is just food that is wasting there because it is lost there because of lack of storage facilities and transportation challenges that are there. So there are about 30 to 50% of some produce that actually just to make it to the market, but they don't take the market just because of inefficient storage facilities. And these are some of the things that are being highlighted and are being spearheaded by the city to make sure that they respond to this. Next slide, please. So what can cities do? From my experience working in the city, I think they have four, they have five key issues that perhaps can really support this work. First of all, we believe that building political capital and support from the mayors, the assemblies and city executives, I think it's very important. The second component we believe is it's important to accelerate technical support. And of course, this involves highly accurate and quality data, access to global best practices, tools, methodologies, and also local and global experts to deliberate on some of these issues. We also believe that establishing a multi-secular platform is very, very useful, and especially within the city context, but also externally and engaging community associations, the academia, private sector, and even civil society organizations. The fourth component that we think it's really important is actually to finance high impact actions. So we look at the actions that have potential for co-benefits that can be financed to deliver the meaningful benefits to the city. And finally, I think one of the most important things that I also have mentioned here is the alignment with the existing policies. And that's really important to integrate with the city plans and processes. Next slide please, as I conclude. So part of the work that we're doing at C40 at the moment is to help cities to deliver too high impact policy implementation actions. So in Africa, for example, and in Nairobi specifically, we are supporting the waste organic separation and on-site treatment. So we are going to support the city to sort of start separating the waste and treating that organic waste in those markets and sort of scale up those actions so that they reduce the amount of organic waste that goes to the down-site. But also there's a component of mainstream and climate actions and making sure that these policies are actually mainstreamed and actually integrated into the city budgeting cycles, annual development plans and so on. In conclusion, I think one of the things that is missing is a link. How do we link all these positive waste management efforts to nutritional, positive nutritional outcomes? I think that's a missing link that we need to identify, especially when you're dealing with a population that is actually simply looking for food to eat, a population that more than 50% is food insecure. So how do you bring the nutritional narratives to the table in such a situation? Of course, we have a few initiatives, for example, the school feeding programs that Cecilia mentioned. We have city procurement powers that can use to procure nutritious food. We have milk banks in public hospitals to help young babies and so on. But how do we then link and tie those together with the benefits that we're getting from working on waste management issues? I think that's one of the challenges I'll present to the panel today. Thank you very much for your time. Thank you very much, Stephen. And I would like to remind the speakers that there are also questions that are coming up in the Q&A module. So I would like to ask you to look at them and perhaps answering the right, I guess, time is running. But thank you so much indeed, Stephen, for presenting the case and the experience of Nairobi, as well as the efforts that have been made, including in terms of the framework for Nairobi Food Systems Strategy. I very much like your slide on the five key things cities can do, can do in terms of building political with technical support and referring to evidence-based decision-making as was already done by previous speakers, but also establish multi-stakeholder platforms and so on. I think this is extremely good and thank you for that presentation. Now, without further delay, I would like to move to the second part of this session today and give the floor to Jessica Perard from WHO who will be facilitating the discussion with our panelists who will actually be reflecting on the case studies which we have just seen and see how we can grow some lessons from there. So, Jessica, you have about 15 minutes for that, so over to you. Thank you, Dominique, and I'm happy to join you all here today as both a past local government employee delivering city health programs and current WHO consultant advocating for policy action to transform food systems for health. As Cecilia and Abel have highlighted, urban settings are marked by a unique set of respect as from our nutrition, including the wide inequalities in dietary intake between high and low income groups within the same city. Transforming local food systems to ensure that all citizens can access healthy, safe, affordable, and desirable diets is essential to achieving the SDG2 target to end malnutrition in all its forms as well as the interconnected targets for health, environment, sustainable consumption and sustainable cities. Around the world, there are so many examples of action spearheaded by visionary local leaders who respond to the needs, wishes, and ideas of their population. From the innovative food waste projects, urban agriculture and city zoning laws to support and protect healthy local businesses and produce markets, data revolutions to map the burden of malnutrition for targeted action. From Cape Town's tax on sugar-sweetened beverages, Wagadogos' healthy public procurement standards for city-owned institutions, also was almost 40-year ban on food marketing to children and of course all the inspiring case studies we've heard here today. To delve into these further, I would now like to turn to our panelists to share more on what they have learned from the dialogue series in today's case studies and the key messages they hope others will take away to address nutrition in urban spaces as well as other issues of critical importance for achieving SDGs. First, I'd like to turn back to Cecilia. As coordinator of FAO's urban agenda, what are the key learnings here for how to deliver actions in the agenda? Thank you. Thank you. I want really to reflect and to connect what has been presented to the urban food agenda and to the key learning. And I mean, I want to start, first of all, thanking for the excellent presentation which demonstrate how the different typology of cities, we are big cities, Nairobi, then Pemba and Pune, are really active on the agenda and they are using different entry points. We are the market from Pemba, city engagement campaign for Pune, reducing food waste as a mean for aligning efforts with climate and nutrition, as Stephen was mentioning in the case of Nairobi. So what we can learn is that all the entry points are important or are key if they are decided through a multi-stakeholder process. But what is fundamental and what is still a challenge is the promotion of the system thinking, the integrated approach and the connection that we can create between the different components of the food system and also between food system and other systems. And I mean, I am familiar with the case of Nairobi. So there was a lot of work done at the local level supported by FAO, supported by C40 for developing the food strategy. And there was, there is a lot of work done for developing the climate action plan. So we need to connect the dot between the climate action plan and the food strategy. So we can use the planning, the tools that the municipality have. I mean, and the planning is one of the tool that municipality can use to connect the food system with other agenda, nutrition and climate and to have more impact we need to work through a system thinking. So this is one key point and which is related to my second one which is the food governance is mentioned in all the cases, Tamban, Nairobi, Pune, they all mentioned about food governance and also FAO is putting in the urban food agenda food governance mechanism at the centers. We support cities in established multi-stakeholder food governance mechanism. We promote meaningful and inclusive engagement of local authority from one side with the big political involvement which is needed. And then multiple actors, no governmental organization, academic institution, all together to support the decision-making process in this agenda, the food agenda, which is still not considered particularly in intermediary and small cities in developing countries as an agenda that should be integrated into local policy and planning. Food is still an issue considered at national level in many cities. So we really need to put together all the stakeholder and support the decision-making process for mainstreaming food system in local policy, planning, deduction. So the food governance is fundamental. And the other element is this type of plan like the food strategy Nairobi could help, in connecting the dot could help in integrating, supporting the integrating approach and could be the instrument for these multi-stakeholder process to be, to align, to connect the food strategy to national policies and to other plan, to that existing plan at local and the national level. The last point that I want to make is related to the importance of the city-to-city exchange. We heard from Pune these exchange with Birmingham and FAO is working a lot on this exchange. I mean, we had in case of Nairobi an exchange between Toronto and Nairobi on the food strategy. We worked on a food waste exchange between Nairobi, Kigali, and Milano. So, and we understood that we are increasingly understanding how much is important to sharing experience, to learn from each other, peer-to-peer exchanges fundamental and it is requested from cities. So again, food governance, planning, city-to-city exchange and also let me add the importance of connecting with the national government. Work across level of government is fundamental and is still missing in this agenda. I will stop here. Thank you. Thank you, Cecilia. So a lot of key, key ingredients there for changing transforming food systems led by that systems thinking to connect the governments both internally within the city, then to the national level and also fostering that city-to-city exchange there to learn from best practices what's effective and what's not effective there. Now I'd like to move to Stratton Habangisha, the project manager for site and lives nutrition in the city ecosystems, which is the great acronym of NICE. Stratton, one key, one of the key learnings coming out of this series is that formative research to understand basic systemic drivers of malnutrition is crucial. Can you share a bit more on this aspect in your current work as project manager for NICE? Thank you very much. Good afternoon to everyone. With the NICE project, we have seen the role of the formative research to understand the drivers of malnutrition. Maybe a bit on the NICE project, the Nutrition City Ecosystems called NICE is a landing with the SIS agents for Development and Cooperation SDC, Global Food Security Programs, and it is implemented by a Swiss consortium comprising Swiss ETH Zulich, Set and Life Foundation and Syngenta Foundation for sustainable agriculture. And why? Because we adopted like multiple intervention from the Food System Governance Support, strengthening a value chain and enhancing demand for the nutritious food. With the enhancing demand of nutritious food, it's now the food, the formative research comes in with the objective to understand the consumer insight. Because with the food system, city food system transformation, we want to understand the key three main food component, the food, the health and the nutrition. So, and it's very important to understand the audience or city residents' perspective as far as food, health and nutrition are concerned. And again, with the formative research, ladies again, it has helped to understand how cultural, social and other factors influence, purchase, preparation and consumption behavior. So with now spend with the formative research, spending a time with the population, there is just an insight to get how the important decision on purchasing, preparation and consumption just is made. And how now the allocation, labor allocation, sometimes there are some surprises, sometimes we think men, women are more engaged, but when you spend time there, just find a different perspective. And again, with the formative research, it was just an opportunity to understand what motivates the population, what are their aspiration, what their fears and what their concerns are. With the aspiration now, we have just different perspectives from young people, from just adolescent people and also for parents. So we are now, for example, for young people, just having a situation like food for enjoyment, why not for mothers and other parents will be just looking for a nutritious food because they care more about the nutrition of household population. And now this deep insight for formative research help us to understand how we direct at the implementation of the nutrition intervention that leads to changing behavior. And here now to recall, why now we conducted the consumer research? It was just about to find relevant information that could allow us to develop a compressive marketing plan for nutritious food because the overall goal of the project is just to increase the demand and access of the local produced food. And we know that what, when it comes to nutrition, but lack of information they have and consumer insight is the key part of this, which ultimately is where we achieve success. So with the formative research, we are sure that we can just compile a kind of social marketing approach that could just allow people to change behavior towards adoption of nutritious food. Maybe I stop from here. Thank you. Thank you, Jason. That's really good. And so you're really helping that research drive the efforts and drive that consumer behavior change there in a well-informed way. Finally, I'd like to turn to Charlotte Fletcher, Global Program Director of Food Smart Cities with Rokalto. Charlotte, another key learning coming out of these dialogues is the need to enable cross-systems working and particularly through strong coordination and capacity strengthening between different departments and sectors. The list here is too long. We've got food, public health, planning, environment, employment there. Can you tell us more about how the network on urban food governance for small and intermediary cities is working to catalyze collective action among food system actors? Yes, thank you. Thank you very much, Jessica. And thank you also for inviting Rokalto in this discussion. So yes, since this year, we've started this collaboration with the FAO, the team working on the urban food agenda to set up this network of about 25 cities from Latin America, from Southeast Asia, from Africa, of small and intermediary cities, specifically, as you said, to discuss how to go about these food governance processes. So really what we're trying to do is to build confidence of participants, city representatives mostly, but in some cases, also allies that work with those cities and on the ground to get started with these processes. So it's really about starting from the concrete experiences from these cities, very openly looking at what worked, what didn't and trying to learn also from what has happened on the ground. And also what we would like to do is to some extent to instill a sense of pride as well in the participants, because when you are sharing what you're doing externally, that also reinforces what you are doing. It also gives you often positive feedback. And so in terms of capacity building, what we are planning to do together with the team that Cecilia is leading is to bring all these lessons, all these insights into a publication that will hopefully come out next year and will really be based on the experiences from the cities in the network, really looking at how to get started on developing a multi-stakeholder platform in your city, how to get started with developing a local food policy or local food strategy, what would be the right entry points to start working on food budgeting or monitoring the impact of these local food strategies. But also this issue of institutionalization that we saw in the presentation from Nairobi is very interesting, how to get these processes to continue in the long run when funding stops. So these are all these reflections that are coming out of this network of smaller intermediary cities, which obviously have different challenges than other metropolitan cities or bigger cities. So maybe just to conclude, I think we've seen in the case of Pune and Birmingham, these exchanges are really critical. And they work even better when it's really based on evidence, on very concrete cases that have been documented with results that can be shared. And that's what we are trying to do with the network. So maybe a final call to action. So if there's any interest from the participants who are working closely with the smaller intermediary cities, if you're interested in knowing more about the network, I'll post a link in the chat and just drop me an email. I'll put my email address there as well. So thanks again. And yeah, good luck with the rest of the series. Thank you, Charlotte. And we look forward to that publication coming out. And of course, the link in the chat there to follow. So bringing it all together, it looks from all of our presenters today, it sounds like commitment, coordination, innovation, funding, systems thinking, building strong alliances and sharing experiences, their research to ensure evidence-based practice, and as well as passionate leaders who we've seen a lot of today are the key ingredients to drive forward nutritious urban food systems to really tackle malnutrition in all its forms. So thank you very much to all our panelists today and presenters also. And I'll hand back to you, Dominique. Well, thank you so much, Jessica. Thank you to the panelists and the presenters indeed. And thank you, Jessica, for being able to summarize so simply, but with all the keywords what came out of this very, very interesting conversation today, so thank you for that. And what we can see is that there is clearly huge opportunities in cities and towns around the world to improve agri-food systems for nutrition and beyond. And I hope that you have all been inspired by the various examples which we have presented to you today. There is clearly, I would say, a lot of energy and commitment to making change. And I'm delighted that FAO is working so actively across the world with cities to make that happen. We have indeed listened to too many contributions that have tied together many trends of our discussion today and giving us a lot to think about. And as for our previous dialogues, we'll make sure and we'll have you, I hope, Jessica, at our next session to try to make a summary of the key points that have emerged at today's conversation, because I think it's very important to capitalize and make sure that we have indeed a series keeping in mind our goal to make sure that it informs policy making and there are indeed a lot of very, very good recommendations that have emerged from today's example. Again, I would like to thank our distinguished speakers today and Stasens, of course, to thank our Geneva Apartments, WHO, Gain Sun, and to our colleagues in both the FAO Food and Nutrition Division and the Brussels and Geneva offices. And of course, last but not least, big thanks to the 12 participants. There were quite a number of questions that were asked in the Q&A module. They were all responded to. But I think we are committed to keep the dialogue open, so please reach out and we'll make sure that your comments are addressed to the right person. It will all our material and the resources will also be posted on the FAO Geneva website so that you have all the information. Last but not least, I would like to inform you that our next webinar will take place in July on the topic of food safety. So please stay tuned. There is a lot. We could also discuss food safety and cities. I think all this is interrelated, but plenty of opportunities for learning, for cross-learning, for exchanges. In the context of this series, please use the opportunity and let's make sure it indeed fits policymaking. So with that, thank you very much. Have a good rest of the day and see you soon. Bye-bye.