 Felly, rwy'n credu bod ni'n meddyliau i'r wych, ond rwy'n credu bod ni'n meddyliau gwneud o'r gwaith o'r gaeliaf, a'r ddaidd, boedd yn cael ei wneud o'r moll y gallwn, a'n gweithio'r ddwyliadau, a'r ddwyliadau a'r cadwpol, yn ddaidd yma, sydd yn ddaidd a'r ddaidd i'r ddaidd. A'r ddaidd yn ymdwyliadau, rydw i'n ddydig i'w ddysgu. Rydw i'n meddyliau i'r ddaidd, yn y llwyddo llwy o'r ddaidd, draws ond eich gyfnod am yr ystyried Englishman yw'i addysgu' i ystyried. Efallai ymaraf. Yn Rhain gan Bannam, y eraill ymäinraedd Iraqol, yn rhyngwylliant â cryf, ac yn rhanimu ac mae'r cyngor yn rhan, ac ydw i'r cyllid ac yn bwysig, ac dyma'r cyllid a'r llwyll, bob ar hyn eich cyllid ac mae'r cyllid yn bwysig, a ydych chi'n rhaid i'r pwysig i ddechreu'r hwyl rhanau a'r 20th sydd i ymwrth hyn o'i wgeitwch yn y L-60 oeselu. Felly, mae'r cyfarchau i'r lleol yn ein bod yn ddweud y cwmaint yn unig o'r cyflwyngol o'i gwirio'r lluniau ac eu ffuncioedd yn gyfrifiadau nad yw'r cyflwyngol fydd yn gweithio i'r bywyddoedd yma, dechreu'n gweithio. Mae'r cyrstyniad bod data yn y sylton, dylai'r bywydol. Mae'r cymosedlau yma yw ymgylcheddiaeth o'i gweithio nifer o'r cynni, roedden o'i ddweud wilt iddyn. y cwestiynau yn y bwysig o'i gynhyrch beth, ac mae'n gweithio y cyfrifysgol, felly mae'r datblygu ymrwynt yn ei sgwrs. Mae gennym gael o'r cyfrifysgol, fel oes o'r cyfrifysgol o'r cyfrifysgol ar hyn, gan y 60-、 70-rhyw cyfrifysgol, oeddiw'r cyfrifysgol yn 1965, ac mae'n ddysgu'r cyfrifysgol ar gyfer cyfrifysgol, ar gyfer eu cyfrifysgol, oeddiw'r cyfrifysgol, ac yn gyfrifysgol ar gyfer cyfrifysgol, pewaradau cyhoedd maen nhw, a rhaid i'r pryd yn cael ei wneud. Ar hyn ryw hwn, dyw'r trwy urnod bwysig iawn pewgau hefyd a cyriadio i ni'n gael. Rhaid i gwaelio'i eich clywed o'i ddweud o'r gael? Mae'r odd yn cofynol i anticipated, fe ar gyfer iawn i'r ffyrdd yn cael ei ddechrau. Rhaid i'r bwysig, rhaid i'n cael ei ddweud fod y tais gan y ddech. Lleiwch inni Lawrys Bwysig, hefyd, beth yw'r sefathau a lefyniaid ac yn ddweud. I'm a designer, I'm a driven by human-centered design, it's the practice that I've done, but the question is again, to do what? And how should it change? That's the again what you're driven as as a designer. What's the right thing to do? What's the ethical thing to do? What's the thing that will generate a feasible, a desirable, a viable business or product or service or governance or space or building so on? ond. This is the final architect, I'll show you. I'll bev you of them early on. This is sometimes attributed to other people like Alan Kay, but it's a quote I like. The best way to predict the future is to try to make something happen to designer. So, with that in mind, I realised that I used to work here at ARR up a few years ago in the smart cities team, in the foresight team, and the urban planning team, somehow in three teams simultaneously. Ie wneud gallwn ni yn gweithio am gael myfyrddau sy'n maen nhw'n myfyrddau. Sta'r hyffort yn siarad ei diogelio gyda'r gilydd ff shortr y dal Senedd â'r cystaflun arddangos maen nhw. Ie yw'r cystaflun hwn yn gweithio'r cystaflun i'r gyfer por приходol. Mae'n gweld yn cystaflun i'r cyfwyrdd. Mae'r hyfer fod yn dweud a'n fanyl i'r cystech yr hidraeth, a gweld eich cynnig a'r cystaflun sy'n lawer i gael'r cystaflun arddangos maeni. Felly mae'n borau'r gwrw i'r Sydney, a dyna'r maesdarr, a'r Abudabi. We tried to make it honest literal for the London Olympics, but it became second in that competition. It is probably a blessed relief because we had no idea actually how to make this thing. It was Boris' favourite, I don't know what Russell Brand would have made a bit of it anyway. Probably something quite good. This was the idea of a big reflective kind of smart meter at a civic scale on a neighbourhood scale. y bysgynt y datblygu i'r bysgynt yn bryd i'r achos yn ffordd. Felly, rydw i ddim yn y dathb loc arwy'r llai ac yma'r cyfrifiadau yn gent yn y bydd gondol. Yn ychwaneg yn roi'r cyfrifiadau, nid yw yng Nghaerdydd, yn hynny. Dyma'r cyfrifiadau. Y breed ffordd yng Nghaerdydd, ond yn oed yn cyfarfod o ddistrw yng Nghaerdydd, ster. Mae mae yw'r creu mwy frawid hynny, ac mae'n gallu'n cael ei clrwys yma. Mae'n yw mi ddweud eich ffyrddol yn wedi'i wneud arall, a methu yn ddod yn peigio yn llwyddar chi. Mae'n gweithio iddyn nhw'n hynna'i ddweud eich gwybraeth i ddweud i ddweud yma, ac mae ynaeth eu ddweud y wnaeth i ddweud yr un oed neu mae'n eich ddweud ei ysgrifennu i ddweud yma, y ddweud i'r cyffrediniaeth ysgrifennu o'i gweithio. wrth hyn mae'n i'n wahanol sy'n gwaith rrwbl wneud bodrach yn ei whwärio ar gyfer y siaradau amser ac mae'r ymddell yn cael eu bodi'r ysgol i'n ei ddarso'r ffordd a'u a'u fydda'i'r awr o'r wyf yn ymwneud? Mae'n bwysig am yr arddog. Y Llywodraeth yn fwyaf gwasanaeth twr�au yn ystodd, ystodd ar y ffyrdd yw hefyd, oherwydd yw'n rhai o'r wyfrdd yn ei wneud newydd i chi yn ddod, revenues'r busisi ac teid だ yw cyfan iawn ecwelio panion mae'r rhaid i sifat yn Bwygett yn oed maen nhw'n ai'ch brifau atio a ei wneud ei chyfnodwch o'i wneud yn cael ei chyfnodwch o'u wneud ajw'r rhan o gyfrinswyr yn geniseb yn cael llawd o ffoson maen nhw'n argym GOOD a ei chi'n cael ei chyfnodwch yn warthwyr ac mae'r hollaw ar hyn o'r 10 o ym llawr yn gallwch cael Eunfield a dialoedd o gwaith am grechoddol. Mae'n dweud o'u gwaith o gystrymrestau a'r syffydon ond yr hyn yn ymwiel, bwyd yn gweithio i ni'n debyg eto, wrth gwrs, mae'n eu taeth eu cyntaf arall, gyda ei hynny'n ei gweithio'i cyndoedd. Ond mae'n ddata, maen nhw'n ddata ar y brin at y peth yn y byddio'n ddau i wedi medru, mae'r yma hwn wedi'n cynghori arall i ni oherwydd cyffredig o Handau Yn Llywodraeth cwilio. I could find, from 1661, by John Evelyn, who was a man about time at the time, and he wrote a letter to the king complaining about the quality of the air, and he wrote it in a very careful language because if you didn't complain to that particular king you might lose your head. But it's kind of an amazing document, it's called fumifugium, the inconvenience that the air and smoke and London dissipated to the gather with some remedies humbly proposed. So it's kind of amazing actually, it's worth reading, you can find the PDF of this online. But we've known the air in London is bad for a very long time, in a way we don't need the data to tell us that. It's clearly bad at times, the question is then what do you do about it? So that comes back to these things again, the small box there is the Intel Air Quality Centre that we're working with UKSME called Science Scope, based out near Bath, who make the sensors, Intel who make the box and the boards. That gives us something that we can start engaging citizens around the idea of air, understanding air directly. But actually as well it helps us understand what you might call green infrastructure, parks, rivers, lakes, blue infrastructure, it's literally, but anyway, or grey, brown in London often. But green infrastructure, the relationship of parks to healthy living for instance, we've inadvertently designed cities to make people unhealthy quite often. So how do we design to make them healthier? We can do, but we just don't have the data on that relationship in the right form. Our health data is often national regional, because that's how we run health in this country. Planning decisions are hyper-local, there's not a very good relationship between the two. What we need to make there is a tool in the space in between to enable health impact assessments to be meaningful. Other ways of reading the city, this is something we did for a project where we, that's a fellow from CASA in the background at UCL who has a modified EEG centre, so it's looking at brain activity. And we had people walk around the city, this goes visually impaired as it happens. And they build these stress maps of the city, we haven't really been able to understand this again. We sort of instinctively know that the red bit there is Tottenham Court Road and that's quite stressful, whether you're sighted or not. But we didn't really know that, say, the green spaces are equally calming whether you're sighted or not. So you don't have to see the trees to actually feel the benefit from them. Which is, again, you might instinctively think that, but we can begin to start putting something behind that now. So new ways of reading the city, and this isn't a kind of a strong tradition I think of actually understanding the city. This is William H. White stuff, you could look at Yan Gales to some extent, Jane Jacobs and so on. In terms of understanding the way that urban spaces perform, this guy's quite brilliant. I filmed from 1980 again about understanding why spaces work and what they do. They used cameras, just trained them from the tops of buildings like this and did hours and hours and hours of studies. Still not done enough. Buildings, we know buildings can change through digital dynamics. So the Wickey House 2.0 project was something that Arup put some work into. It was led by 00 Architects Studio. We helped with it a bit. Wickey House is an open source modular self-built housing system, which sounds very fancy, but basically means you can download a set of machine instructions to a CNC router, which just cuts out wood into patterns, which you can then hammer together with a mallet. Nicely, the router also cuts out the mallet for you, so everything kind of comes in. You can put it together, two or three people to put it together. No construction experience and you can make a 70 square meter two-story house now out of this thing. It's amazing and the tolerances are really good. I know this looks like giant Ikea, but actually it's properly insulated. Arup did some work on the services. It's got USB power in it. I mean more advanced than what the housing market tends to produce. Interesting, but it's an open source system, so you get a massive diversity of designs and possibilities within it. Having said that, this is not a very diverse design, but this is the one that we helped to make. The important thing about this was we made this for London Design first of all. These guys made this. We helped a bit. People could walk in it and experience it again. Half of them walk in and go, this is like a big Ikea cupboard. I could never live in this. The other half go, this is amazing. I could have a house with three grand or thereabouts. That's extraordinary. It's made out of plywood or OSB. It's super cheap. The real issue there, of course, is land value prices in the UK. That's the interesting thing to flush out. Again, the data is powering all of this stuff, but the question is again, where are the blockages? What's stopping that possible radical disruption of housing as a system? Actually, it's land values. The answer ultimately is things like community land trusts and things like that. You make the thing though to get to that point. You flush out these issues. Is it diverse or ethical or not? Completely different scale. We did a project for United Arab Emirates around 2030, which Dubai is like dog years. 2030 for them is about 2100 for us. They move a lot quicker around certain things. This was a responsive air conditioning. You walk under these things, the sensors trigger, and they release a cooling vapour of just water mist, like a water cooled mist that you walk through. Instead of air conditioning an entire room, it follows where people are and produces a mist at that point. You need to basically condition where there are people. You could radically change again the way places like Dubai or Sydney or Caracas for that matter. Handle air conditioning is driven by sensors and data and internet of things essentially. Again, we're trying to get to what could you do with that element there. Again, by making the prototype, this is an MIT collaboration, it flushes out. Would that work? Is that a good idea? Is that a bad idea? Is anybody going to buy that? How does it feel? Do you feel weird that you're being tracked? It's not really tracking you as a person. It's just tracking you as a shape. There's a football under it and the thing would still trigger. You only get to that again in making it. This one was a collaboration with the UK start-up around digital signage, but a physical sign, like an old-style train station display that goes and makes some new message essentially, but by putting the internet in the back of it via ZigBee and various other things, you're able to then produce something that has a physical outcome, that's a physical sign. Those are things of physical pixels. The head's just flipping them on and off. It's got digital dynamics in the back, so you can change things on demand, but when it's set, it's using no energy. That could replace all of the crappy LED screens that you see in buildings left around the centre, which are pumping out energy all the time but barely changing their message at all. Objects. With Microsoft UK and Guide Dogs for the Blind, we helped this wearable prototype come to life, so she's visually impaired, and that prototype thing has a gyroscope, a potentiometer, a accelerometer, and it can tell where she's looking in space and where she is. It's talking to the phone in her pocket, and the phone in her pocket is talking to Bluetooth, LE beacons embedded in the environment, so in stations, on trains, on bus stops, and so on. With all of that, it makes a 3D soundscape that she can walk through unaided by another person. There's 180,000 people in the UK that can't leave their home unaided by other people. An employment rate amongst visually impaired is 70%, so it's an extraordinary waste of humans, if you like, if you see it in that way. She's still using our Guide Dogs, so relax, there's no Guide Dogs who can get out of business anybody that likes Guide Dogs. Guide Dogs cost about £40,000 to train. We can't make enough of them to cover all of the visually impaired people we have. This is a prototype to flesh out what you might do. This really is about navigation and wayfinding in the city, in the near future. What happens when you have Bluetooth LE beacons around? What services could you produce? We're using, in the nicest sense, visually impaired people as lead users, extreme users of the urban environment in a way, to try and understand how, whether a pasty shop pinging you as you walk past is a good idea or a bad idea, probably a bad idea, maybe Rick might like it, I don't know. A healthy pasty, of course. Equally, when you get to the bus stop, it can say you're at the bus stop, the number four is two minutes away, the free seats are at the front, all the stuff that Emma knows more about than I, but that data is beginning to emerge. How do you wrap it into a user experience? That's interesting to us, I think. That asks, what is the street furniture of the 21st century? Those are two great British designs. David Meller did the traffic light, David Meller, for those of you who don't know the designer, David Meller, based in Haversidge, did many other things, and then Kineer and Calvert, Margaret Calvert and John Kineer did the road sign system. UK has a strong design heritage in this area. What would it mean as those things become connected? Robots. Do you buy robots? Those things go together quite well in a funny way. We tried to flesh out, what could you do with maintenance robots? That's actually an Italian beach cleaning robot, which is a real thing, by the way. But we pretended it was a street cleaning robot, so if you had got a Roomba and it was for the streets, is that a good thing or a bad thing? How's that going to work? How's that going to work alongside people? How's that going to work alongside traffic? Can it navigate its way around? Isn't that an interesting question? What about sewer cleaning robots? What about little robots can go down storm gullies, things that can clean the photovoltaic cells on the 72nd floor? Things we don't necessarily want people to be doing. Converse is that? What about all those jobs? What are the social ethical issues with that? Can you only get to these points when you make the thing? I took this film in Greenwich last week produced from a tower, but that guy is pushing that thing. There's no doubt that a robot could do what that guy is doing. Is that a good thing or a bad thing? Open question. You only get to that if you get to the design of a service, the design of a potential product. Finally, services. The service layer in cities is now perhaps the most radically transflonational and the one that traditional urbanism is least equipped to deal with. Part of that is around the way that we make decisions about cities as again the other speakers have spoken about. We did some works helping the GLA, the Great London Authority, think about platforms for conversations with people. There are many start-ups in this area like Commonplace or Sticky World, Space Hive here, which the mayor of London then used to run a neighbourhood funding campaign. Loads of interesting innovation in this area. The park lot project in Los Angeles gives people a kit of parts in the form of construction diagrams and things to enable them to build mini parks in parking lots. These ones are then within regulations, but what you do with the park is up to you. It's the complete flip of the traditional city approach waiting for you to come up with an idea and then telling you no in various ways. Here's the city reaching out saying, I do, over to you to do it. A different approach on openness, I think, because it's far more crafted. It's a service design process behind that. But it could be like this. This is how they don't in Switzerland. When they're doing a planning application, they make the building in these kind of structures, these ghost structures, it's called Baugerspan in front of the thing. They leave that up there for a while and see what you think about the scale of it. Does that feel right or appropriate or not? That scaffolding is describing a proposed application for planning. In Chile, I'd actually say Latin America is further ahead on this stuff than anybody else in the world in terms of genuine citizen collaboration around city making. This is a great project around constitución, which you don't have time to go into. So maybe Google, Mouchos or constitución or the rebuilding thereof. They remaster plan their city in 90 days with 93% turnout in the vote and full public approval. This is what we're thinking through very carefully in a very smart way, no pun intended, how to collaborate with citizens about the building of the city. 90 days is extraordinary for a city master plan. This is a city of 30, 40,000 people, not a tiny village or anything. This is how we do it in the UK. Some of you have seen before, I wrote about this the other day, but instead we tie a piece of paper to a lamppost in the rain and hope you look at it. That's that. We can probably do better. I'll leave it at that. The question about scale is really important. What should we scale and why? We shouldn't scale everything. Things are local. Cities are actually local. There's a really, I think, big challenge about why would you scale something. In terms of open data, I mean a city map, her is a kind of a well-trodden, a well-trodden success story, I guess, frequently-trodden story, powered by the data store and other things, like Open Street Map and Four Square and that Yelp, I think. And it's a successful venture capital-funded startup. The interesting question there is, what should TFL get back from CityMapper? If anything, open question. Is it good enough that that's on half the smartphones in London probably and people are using it as a good thing? Possibly not. I'd argue that TFL now know less about the way Londoners move around than CityMapper do potentially. CityMapper know genuine origin destination data, my house to the pub. All TFL know is the number 43 bus stop to Old Street Roundabout or something like that. So they're missing out a vast amount of picture on what CityMapper has generated on top of TFL data. They've added extra strategic value. There's also financial value there. Interesting question. Should the contract around open data include a percentage of finances gained at some point by the company if it goes public or if it floats or if it's funded? Arguably, oddly not. I have no idea to be honest, but I put that in front of you. I'm actually more interested in the strategic value because if TFL could pull that strategic information back in about how Londoners move around, they can deliver a better transport service, which of course CityMapper relies on anyway, and we all rely on. So you'd want to have that, but currently I don't think they have any particular right to see the value added extra strategic value that CityMapper generated. So again, by looking at the application on the service, we get some really knotty questions around open data. Finally, the way that services are changing things, Airbnb is radically changing the way that urban fabric is used. As a service layer, a few lines of code has changed the way that the fabric is being used. Uber is changing the way that mobility happens to some degree, not massively, but somehow massively, not to be worth $40 billion in terms of valuation, which is bigger than most things in the built environment business, but that's kind of an extraordinary thing. Again, a few lines of code, they don't own any cars any more than Airbnb own any space, but they're both changing the way that the city happens. Bridge is possibly more interesting again, because it's a predictive on-demand transit system, a bus that basically goes where the demand is. They use social media to do predictive analytics to say, well, there's probably going to be a need for a bus over there in 12 minutes. Let's send a bus in that direction. It works. It's kind of over and above the traditional 20th century route. Again, in the Dubai exhibition, we flushed out some of these things by making these fake self-driving cars and having people sit in them and say, actually, you don't have a steering wheel in a car. What do you use it for? It might as well be an office or it could be anything. So, to experience that, change the way that people thought about it. There are key issues here. If we're going to share it on-demand autonomous fleet, big if, if, if, if we did, though, we could reduce the need, MIT, argue, for private cars in the city by 70%. That's a city like Singapore, let's say, in London, 50%, 40%, I don't know. Extraordinary number. Again, the impact is on parking space, if nothing else. Never mind air quality, health, all of those other things, carbon and so on. But that's a completely different approach driven by data, but the value is derived when you make something with it. The question there is then, what kind of city do we want? These are the taxi drivers out on strike about Uber. So, what kind of city do we want? That's a long way from open data right now, but ultimately, I think that's where we need to move the conversation. I'll skip that. It's just the final thing then. So, my question is, in the spirit of Cedric, how do we ensure these technologies are well considered that they create a sense of the city as a public good, a better future city? That's the question that's driving us. There's a whole set of things that I won't go through them, but they're all basically a design, human-centred design-led approach, iterative prototype starting at the street level, assessing exactly what to scale because not everything needs to scale, not everything should scale, and making it tangible. Thank you very much.