 We conducted a mortality surveillance study around two of the largest gold mines in Tanzania from February 2019 to February 2020 to assess the mortality impact of gold mines. The study used a standardized verbal autopsy tool to collect information on death circumstances and assign causes of death using the in-silicovia algorithm. The study found that mining communities had higher rates of road traffic injuries, RTIs and non-HIV infectious diseases while having lower rates of HIV-related deaths than the general population. Mining workers also had significantly higher mortality risks than those who did not work in the mines with particularly high risks for RTI related deaths and other injuries. These findings suggest that further efforts are needed to reduce the mortality burden among mining communities. This article was authored by Isaac Lyachu, Mirko S. Winkler, George Loss, and others.