 particular suggestion is because of the fact that it takes lot of thinking to include a color in the color scheme. When you are asked to do a color scheme on a subject, then it takes lot of thought process to come to that color. And when you are said that if you have 5 colors, then you have to think that 4 is that forces you to think about lot of other aspects also. So my sincere solution is do not take it lightly. It is not something I have given just I have thought about it and I have some very important points that you can collect out of doing the assignment. So that was the reason. So going by the assignments now, so you have this final assignment. Make one presentation slide using the design color and typographic principles of the two subjects you have chosen earlier. So now explain me again when you are explaining, do not use the names of the software that is immaterial to me, whether you have used PPT or photoshop or you have used 3D max Maya does not matter here at all. What we are looking at is the design principle, the color theories and the font selections. So it is that is the most important thing. So now with that, so what is the design principle in this, what is the color scheme in this and what is the font selection in this. At the bottom I have given a heading and here I have shown shades, color related to the subject and I have shown some red blood cells which is related to the subjects. Start with the graphic design principle. I have shown gradient basically I use red and black colors and its gradients. Then I use a serif font. Why serif font? Generally we see in the drops, in the form of drops and this is also means rounded that is why I have selected this one. Very correct. I think he has got the correct essence of the whole thing. In serif what I did not mention are two types of serif. One is called a flat serif which is a block serif where the thickness of the serif itself is equal and one is rounded serif. So this font is a classic example of round serif. So his subconscious mind what he thought was that because blood is not bricks right they cannot be squares. So he wanted something very smooth looking and that is why he selected a font which is called serif but still it had rounded serif right. The other important point is that because blood is a liquid and it will not have even things like serif, sans serif font will have even thickness everywhere right. So sans serif will give you that thick thinness which is also good here. Maybe this much of thought may not go in every design detail. I am coming back to the point again. So you may not get time and you may not be expected to have so many thoughts and find a font selection but finally which comes on the screen if it is not convincing may be sometimes the reasons are in these small details. So once you start analyzing you realize that this is also good. So whatever you are having here we will just go by that. So the red color is because it is related to blood. And the font is because you wanted to depict that. And what is the graphic design element present here? What is the layout here? Is there a emphasis? Do you remember the five? Actually I have taken this image as a background also because text will be appear on the screen. That is why I thought it is. And that you have taken means my name is in yellow color because it will look very bold. Right what is the color scheme? Name of the color scheme what can this be? So this is not complementary but still you get the good contrast. Why? Because we are following this model. Because you have at least 60 percent difference between the two colors you have chosen. The red you have used is almost 100 percent red and yellow is maybe 20 percent yellow. So because there is a difference of 80 percent between the two you get a contrast. So that is precisely the moment you had not have this background here. Can you see now? This is 10 percent yellow this is 100 percent yellow. The moment I pick this up and put it here then you can see it. The moment I put keep on putting it here visibility is lesser. So let us go to the next one. It was a good effort anyway. Sandip tirmare what is the kind of layout it is? It is emphasis or it is having a symmetrical or symmetrical? Emphasis. Emphasis ok. It is also symmetrical right. Half kardo to donator of same aega ok. What about the color scheme? Sandip color scheme ok gradient of what colors? What color scheme? White. Here if I write the word solar light as blood transfusion then it will work. Color scheme is same right. Color scheme is same. Your color scheme is about solar light right and his color scheme is about blood transfusion. The layout remains the same. The color scheme remains the same. Only thing I change is the text and still it is valid right. Why this font? So this brings to another point. This in my typography slides I had shown about calligraphy right. There are some fonts which are called calligraphic font. So calligraphy or basically scripts are known as they actually represent your style. So, similar things are used in calligraphic things. So if you want to express something with your handwriting then you can do it with calligraphy. And 95 percent or not 95 may be lesser. The 80 percent people will like a slant when they are writing in their own handwriting. I say see they look like a very rare logo thing. Normally slant. So typically whenever you want to refer yourself you have to your signature. It is always slant. So that is a very characteristic style statement of a calligraphy. So that whenever you want to put your name normally people will have italics. So this is another good way of remembering that. Okay next is Pradeep and Kaka and Santosh. For that? Serif font. Serif font. Serif font. Serif font. Serif font. Serif font. Serif font. Serif font. So how many people agree for this color for computer science? How many people do not agree? The best thumb rule is to look out for the products of that particular domain. So if you see computers typically. So you will find out the colors on the product itself. So like health products. So if you see health related things what is the color? You can imagine of? Red. Red. Okay one more another one. White. White okay. White what is it? White and black both any. Green. Green. Correct. So people associate health with green and red. So up we will be packaging the echo of any food item. You will always find these two colors prominently there. And rest of the colors would be there to support these colors. What about prominency is different. And now more you go towards health. Then you will find the green increasing. If it is herbal tea or whatever herbal this thing. Then you will have more on greens. That is the point. Biology. Konai Kiran and Kailash. Basically the graphic principle we have used is symmetrical. Correct. Then color scheme is split complementary. Okay. Font is serif font. We have considered a 60 percent different in brightness level. But as you can see IIT Bombay is not readable. Right. Because that yellow has a problem with that highlights of green. So that is the reason. So in these cases suppose this is the image given to you. And you have to have. This is the only image given to you. There is no option on this image. And you have to put title. Then what are the options? What do you do in these cases? Because this will create a problem for me. If I go for green, dikhne wala nahi hai. Yellow ka problem chal rai already. So what are the options to do that? So probably there is one option that I can put a slightly dark square behind this. So that it gives me a darker background. And then that yellow can stand out anyway. So that is one option. What is another option? I can put a white band also. It is not complete white. I can just have the. So we will reduce the alpha. And we will have less transparent band of white. And we can still have this. Right. Okay. Good. So we will go ahead. Praveen and Deepak. Deepak? Hello. I have used gradient in graphics. It is gradient. Correct. And font is serif. Serif font. Why? To focus on the algebra. To use the world. Okay. And color scheme. But again there is a problem in this area because this is light. And your colors are also this white is also almost nearer to that. Okay. So that is why this problem is happening. Correct. Okay. Next we have Bhairav, theory of paints. Hello. Yes. I have made a symmetrical design. Okay. And mostly contrast. Basically a poster design layout. And contrast color is black, black to white. White color is used for text. And more professional text is shown. So I have used future MBT. So, again this is one more thing in post production that you have to take care of the application where it is going to be seen. So, if that contrast is so less then probably you will not see it on every medium right. So, this is what happened here in on projection system only you cannot see. So, that is one. So, otherwise it is fine. So, use of shadow is one more additional thing what we learnt now that same can apply for your design. So, shadow could have helped you that time right, but again it also is very important to use shadow. So, then your emphasis point gets completely damaged because of that. So, these kind of issues are very important. So, you cannot have suddenly very small thing like date or something having a one feet shadow that time there is a mistake that happens ok. So, we have next as Ranjit and Prakash. Actually sir, we have tried to make a PPT background slide. So, we have done emphasis on blue color ok. Blue is like that because the blind people are always black in life. So, blue is like that. So, we have tried to make a PPT background slide. So, we have tried to make a PPT background slide. So, actually different font use. National school for blind people times New Roman man reading and writing. So, we call it brand. So, that is this font is a little to that. So, that is why. Actually speaking, because if this is embossed then it will actually look like braille. Braille you know it is embossed. So, you can feel it. They do not have eyes right. But embossing is what they read. So, if you give emboss effect to this particular thing which is nearer to braille what you said then that will make sense. Another thing which I found missing was it is ok that you are making it for blind and there you want to show some hope. But there will be some color code connected to each and every aspect of this thing. For example, for blind what are the two colors you imagine immediately? One is black because they cannot see. But what are the colors which the rest of the world associates with blind is white and the red. So, they have that stick right. So, that is their identity. So, you whenever you show a stick with red patch below that is for the blind right. So, if that is symbol is there anywhere in your design it will immediately tell people that this is for blind. So, normally non blind people will associate that very easily that this is for blind. So, a both symbolically use red white stick with red patch. So, these are these are. So, this is how you now start looking into the life whenever you roam around here you see things whenever you meet people. So, there are certain very subtle, but hidden symbols which are hitting you every time. So, like a static signal is the very good example of that that you know that red. So, what page of red introduction red means danger. So, just look at various things of danger now. So, you will find all of them in red. So, you will have wherever there is emergency, wherever there is danger all these places use red as a symbol of color. So, I actually in my presentation deliberately did not go into meanings of colors because I thought these presentations will give me that and that is one more example. So, where all do you see red you see it on ambulance right then red will be there on the traffic sign. So, you know virus alert on a computer it will have a red right. But on the other side you the kind of the word virus itself is not at all the virus as a word is associated to biology right and we are talking in computer science right now. So, when they do that they some of them use very slimy greenish color also for showing a virus alert or something. So, they will show that this is something very bad for your computer. So, do not have it on your computer. So, these kind of hidden symbols are there in every color. Sakina and Devendra biology. So, here the we are use just simple colors just they are contrast colors like not exactly complementary. The background color is completely dark. So, that you can see all the text. So, they have played it very safe like black color then any color they do farming. So, it is a impact not for all and about layout. So, why is this suddenly on the left side rest of the world is on central layout. Why this left and a left we left me. So, this is a deliberate or a typing mistake. We will go ahead. So, like what Jagdish had explained in one of the earlier presentation this slide also has the rule of thirds applied. So, the gradient the point of the gradient is somewhere here. So, because of which entire concentration comes on this word automatically. So, the particular thing also has the contrast. Even if this color has the maximum darkness because the font is very thin the weight again shifts here. So, this is a very nice use of very very clever use of designing. What she has done is even if this color is not dark the font is so bold that you cannot miss it. So, imagine. So, you have a blue. So, and also this could not have been readable at all. So, this color was perfect except for a area, but still you can still read it organic chemistry. And all these look at these other elements they are merging with the background. So, much that you shout. So, emphasis balance and colors everything fonts use of fonts is perfect here. I only do not understand why department of chemistry IIT Bombay is such a white. So, it is again it is when you have to pick up some things. For example, you go to a shop to buy mangoes and you have a complete token of mangoes and then you lift one because other color is also looking good then you pick then one size is looking good then you pick that and you have to buy only three suppose. Then it is a tough time because some things you like color and some mangoes you like the size and some mangoes you have already smelted and they are smelling very good. So, it is very difficult for you to choose three of them then finally. So, as a design may our design because catarita. So, if sub would case out carrying a say. So, you have to say I have to cut a short element select a big title that sub could take such out. Then the reader will get confused and our communication may apply. Finally, a sub job current. So, you are you can slowly now start thinking to Joe may have a bullet that he a bullet some other title may hote main subject area title of the lecture speaker card. So, this is a order in which I want the reader to see it. Next is Tushar and Shekhar. Next is Tushar and Shekhar. She is only California FB. Yeah, I do not require names. Why this one? It is a as per my I think that related to subject background. background. So, they have done a very different experiment. Fund sizes are directly proportional to the way people want to read it. So, that is correct. Exactly that is why there are different font sizes available. Imagine the same thing when the types used to be done by hand or by hand. So, then what will be the thing what you use? What will be the option? What will be the option? What will be the option? Then what is the other option you have? Colors, correct. So, then that is the way you can think. So, this is a very cleverly solved problem. I have to read this also because of the fact this design whatever small design they have is on the top which is nearer to physics. So, these are very small and very interesting points which you do it every day. But when you start analyzing it you realize. But my whole motivation to talk to you is that you have to do it every day. But when you do it next time you have to do it very deliberately. Do not do it by chance. Now, next time do it by design. Do not do it by chance. What I have made is it is civil as we can see. So, in the background is iron rods and the finite elements I have taken that impact font as we can see that they are like bricks. So, civil bricks used it is like that only. And civil I have written on, taken it on red. So, if you are making any construction work you have to be alert. Or your lecture number one is that it is highlighted. You can see that it is lecture one. Yeah, this particular design brings to one more important aspect of the precision of working. The point I am making is that especially when we create designs like this. It is very important that we have precision in our working the again what Jagdish had shown in the rule of thirds and other thing. So, this if you wanted to do a central layout if that was the plan then this is not the center. The center is somewhere here. And this entire thing is there. This is not the center. The center is somewhere here. And this entire thing is here. It looks as if. Another point is because this is what your thought is, but the viewer is not able to judge that. So, that will be sought as a mistake also that why it is like this. Then this mistakes are also not understandable because nowadays the tools will do it for you. You do not have to worry about this thing. So, you just say select all center. So, again I will quote the earlier example where. That is one more thing. And one last point is about the number of elements we use in any design. So, number of elements. The moment you have number of different points in one graphic or number of different colors in one graphic, it starts creating a chaos for you. So, this is actually on the border of that. This is not crossed it. So, luckily you are in. But for example, if all these things were impact and only these two are different points and especially this circle is completely out of the loop. So, it gives the standing out thing. So, that is good. But that is why this layout is still holding very good for the civil thing. But the moment you had one more font which was not in this scheme then we could have had a problem. Another reason is because of this font which is a impact font. One is called expansion of the font which is the given font. So, that is to show you thicker and then one is about condensed. So, one is when you stretch it vertically then it becomes longish. So, it is called condensed. So, you always remember these two words because in every font you get these two possibilities. If you look at the aerial, the aerial is expanded and the aerial is condensed. So, the aerial is condensed vertically so that more matter can come in that page. So, also these two different types of things should not be used in one design. So, it will look like this. So, this finite element is condensed and Indian Institute of Technology is expanded. So, these two are very contradictory things. So, typically avoid using these two techniques in one. So, we can use the complete designing in this format. So, that it is easy but never use condensed and expanded in one design that is one more. Basically, I have used the principle of value that is relative, relative between darkness and lightness of the color that is reddened. Idea behind this is it is a seminar for the blood transfusion, you need for blood transfusion. And any other doubt, font is aerial because it is for a dynamic purpose. Okay, there is a very interesting thing happening actually in this design. So, it takes lot of courage to use red on red. So, I often give this very funny but very interesting example. Except for girls, normally boys will not wear the same trouser and same shirts but black and white I am just excluding. But blue pant, blue shirt, red pant, red shirt. It is very daring to wear that actually or to even use it in design also it is very daring because of the fact that strong repulsion mode is possible. Here you are saved because of the gradient in the behind and which gives you but just come and have a look at this screen here and you will realize what I am saying because the blood is almost bleeding now. So, it will just come out of that screen now immediately. So, this is what happens typically. So, the RGB things are very tricky to handle especially red. So, red in 100 percent red is the most risky thing to handle in video related thing. So, people who have experience can easily say that using 100 percent red in even text design is not suggested. So, normally avoid that and so this is also again same principle what this have a seat. So, same principle what these people had tried that fonts go come. So, that you know what is what is where and what is what it is also very interesting that blood transfusion is the overall subject but is bar subject seminar subject need for blood donation. So, that is even if thin font stand out. So, it is very sharp and very nicely coming out. I am only not very comfortable with this pink because this is slightly out of the whole scheme right it is slightly different. Next to Shant and Samir. Sir, this topic is related to marine engineering. So, the blue color background which I have used for the water and the sky blue type of thing and the font which we have used is very fine. Confused and so it is related to navy and so they have white costumes and it is very strict. So, marine engineering decent fine kind of thing or sub centered rockizer. So, this what I extend to Tharon holds for you. So, in one design you cannot have so many fonts. So, how many fonts you have used? 4 fonts right for 5 lines. So, that is not a good sign. So, typically you confuse people by doing it. So, normally restrict your fonts to 2 if you have only 5 lines. In fact, if you have 100 lines then you can use only 100. There is no need of too many fonts. So, it does not depend on number of lines actually but it is very visually disturbing if you have too many. Same like too many colors too many fonts is again a problem. So, avoid too many fonts. Apart from the fact that all 3 colors what for the text are of similar weight. So, white, green and yellow are of almost same shouting nature. So, they do not have so even though you have changed the fonts I can see all 3 at a time right now. So, that is the currently the fight going on. Even if the fonts are different this is very interesting to observe now. So, this is very interesting to see that. So, this is very interesting to see that how different approaches will have that. The contrast is very correct where you can see again. And this format we have to see in that format is Cascade how people should read. It is a related slide. First of all, like the heat transfer. The heat transfer procedure in which we all know that there is a heat in it. After that there is a coldness in it. So, the color applied there means red and orange color it shows the heat and then just light blue color is cold as a cold. So, that is done and the center layout is there. After that I would like to say about the font. The first caption is the head transfer. So, the point again same thing matters that number of fonts in a design has to be reduced because just for that lecture 1 word you have used another font which is slightly this is giving a period feeling. So, it is like Benhar film ka title hota to e ho jaata. Taj Mahal film ka title kele chalega because this is very period font. The look at the font it is very very gothic very old font diktay. Algerian is a very old font. So, it does not go with the heat transfer things like very latest technology what we are talking. So, that is one mismatch here because of this. So, these special fonts have this problem always. The moment you write it like that. So, you have seen like Mughalism ka title de ka. So, you cannot use that same font for writing anything else because that is made for Mughalism. So, you cannot use it for anything else that is very peculiar point. So, images used in titling that was one more aspect I was about to talk about but people have started using it. So, I will not touch it far in detail because people are already using it. And I am happy that people already know how to method of subject military people know ka chai a background ha me or is there a is make fancy images fit ho sak thing. So, that is a good sign. So, let us not go in much more detail about it. What I want to do is talk to you about animation little bit because I have been receiving lot of request from lot of people that we want to listen to some animation related things in this lectures because we have really high hopes that you will teach us something on animation also. So, I thought we will take slight turn from here which is not directly connected to post production in e-learning again. But we will continue some journey towards animation filmmaking as such. So, I am going to talk about animation filmmaking as a whole experience. So, how it is done and what are the kinds of animations used and how it is actually implemented because it is only for people to know a new technique. And also at the end of today's talk we will have another assignment which you have to carry and tomorrow we will meet for some editing techniques. The assignment is based on that. So, today we will have. So, somebody has the chips. Yeah, fine. So, how many people have seen animation films? So, animation films, everybody has seen that cartoon animation, 3D animation, 3D animation concept they came. So, what are people do you know that there are two different types of animation one is called 3D and one is called 2D, right. So, what you see here is a 2D animation, where each and every frame is hand drawn and then scanned in a computer and then given a motion or drawn in a computer and given a motion both ways are it is possible. So, this is typically done for the these are old times actually it is not a very recent film I think, ok. So, here what you see are the characters which are drawn by hand and the background is painted and this these characters are drawn on a transparent sheet of paper. So, I am I am telling you the the story of how animation started. So, they were called cells because the transparent sheet of paper was called cells and we can draw on that cell directly because it is a like what you had for OHPs. So, you can draw draw on that. The coloring although was very difficult because coloring was done like glass painting where you have to color the highlights first and then. So, you have to come backwards actually we are coloring up. So, in animation painting in earlier days it exactly So, it was just to be completely reverse and then all these frames I have to be drawn for so many times like. So, people who are good at maths can start their calculators now. So, it is one frame which is what you can see it here now. So, we saw persistence of vision killing we need 24 frames for getting a smooth motion. Sajjan differs with me saying 18 frames which is also ok, but which will give you a Charlie Chaplin kind of effect. So, that is why 24 is a standard which gives you a nearer to life motion. So, 24 frames of drawings. So, you will get a animation of one second on screen. So, 24 frames of all these characters. So, this is done this is one second what you saw the fish going from one side to other was 24 frames and it is gone in one second now. So, all these drawings had to be drawn then because they were transparent sheets you can see the background right. So, they will keep the background first then they will keep the characters with a transparent sheet and the camera was here which will shoot this particular frame like what we are doing here, but the only trouble was that camera was a film camera like what you have for feature filmmaking. So, you have to shoot one frame at a time like a photograph and then you just move the free film and then change the drawing and shoot another time then you will have another frame peak. All these frames for whatever time suppose this is a 5 minute film now you calculate. So, it is 1 second 24 frames. So, 60 seconds is 60 into 24 and into 1 hour is into 60 right. So, these many number of frames have to be drawn manually all these things for one character. Suppose there are multiple characters you need multiple layers multiple cells. So, then it will become such a huge task because you have to also have interaction between the character. So, sometimes they might be talking to each other they might be looking at each other. So, this is a very tedious process also because if you have to animate somebody talking like I am talking right now and if I have to move my lips then you know exactly when I do this I am talking perp right now. So, when I say perp my lips are closed. So, if this has to happen then I have to also have should have the audio track with me. So, the animation films are the films in the world where audio is done before video. So, in all other films what you see the video is shot first and then they dub it, but in animation film they do it the reverse way. So, they do the audio first and then they start animation and that also helps because you cannot do so long for different animation. That was the style when Snow White and Lion King and all these animation films were made. After computer graphics came into picture and people started using computer graphics very often then we had these all 3D films. So, some of the prominent names are like Shrek we have Finding Nemo is one of them. Kung Fu Panda. And anything else you remember? Kung Fu Panda. Yeah, Kung Fu Panda, Ice Age right. So, what happens is in 3D you have to create the character only once in the software and then you animate that character based on the requirement of the storyboard and render those films and then you can do lots of things. Again the problem is that even if you have the 3D character this was the additional facility now because I was having a 3D tool with me I can have the camera movement and the character movement at the same time. So, I can zoom the camera when the character is walking and then render it separately. So, look at this camera is moving character is also moving similar things right, but all these actions what you saw just now all of them have to be key framed actually by the animators who are animating it even if you draw by hand or you do it with your mouse. But the animators have to do the same job anyway the creating the frames which are very important frames those frames are called key frame. This is also true when we do the titling animation here. So, if you want to move a square box from here to there you have to again do that we have to put a key frame here to put a key frame there and then in between camera the computer will do the in between. Based on this particular things what is what I find interesting is that that is what we will do now is about creating a timeline for the film. So, in every film you will find that there is some particular timeline which is followed. So, when do the film titles start when is the introduction sequence of the character when is the climax when is the fight scene when is the song or something. So, every film will have a timeline and they used to decide that timeline well in advance for the film. So, that they could very easily see the film first of all in their own tables first of all on their own tables and then they will go ahead and animate that. So, as you can see it that the character is completely hung into the air and you have the hand as a balancing and supporting thing and the anime the character is being animated with the help of a software right. So, what happens is in particularly in animation you have to be very sure about what you are going to do. So, that is decided with the help of a storyboard. So, now today's assignment what all you have done suppose you have to create an animated title of this. Now, this is the only a slide what you have done suppose you have to have animation to this in before the starting of a course if you have to have a title which is animated now. So, how will you animate the whatever you have done right now for example, blood transfusion what you did and somebody did on physics or biology or something. So, you had a image you had a text and you had the other text which was IIT Bombay or something else. So, how do you decide the animation scheme for that. So, every particular action will require some story body. So, we will now actually we will do one exercise about how we would like to have the animation of that particular text coming inside. So, we will take some sample right now from your assignments only ok. I am a animate Karnay suppose if this is to be created using any software again I am not talking about software here. So, let us let us try and create it here. So, you have a first of all you have a gradient here right. So, background. So, color one was what was that color something brownish right what was the other color ok dark ok. Suppose, a background. Now, we have to have this step by step. So, what will be the starting point I am giving the clue that this will be the starting point suppose. Now, let us start building on top of this. So, what will what will happen first now? Give me ideas ok. So, we will animate these hexagons first. How will you like to animate that you will you will fade in you will size them in or what will happen? Fade in. Fade in ok. Fade in you know the difference between fade in and you are saying like this. So, this means size will size will increase right or just the appearance will fade in. Same size makes it fade in. So, basically the idea is that you need to understand the subject now. So, if it is related to chemistry then how how does it behave inside chemistry. So, if it this is a hexagon and it is denoting something. So, it should be similar to that just because we have the tool to animate it we cannot animate it any which way we want to. So, it has to have relevance to what is what is important here. So, suppose we have ok. So, this this will be appearing here right and after. So, we will have organic chemistry suppose coming in here ok. How will this come? So, what are the different ways? There will be like other effects you will have ok. My line. . . . . . Now, let us try and let us try and do this animation here itself in power point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .