 long run planning curve 2 तब हम ने long run planning curve की बाथ की बाथ की तूँ तो हम ने वहांपे अबजर्फ किया ता के long run planning curve is a u-shaped curve के it first decreases, which is at a minimum point, then it starts increasing तब हम कहतें long run average cost is decreasing तो इसके पीछे क्या होता है के this is because of different returns to scale के this u-shape of the long run average cost curve is because of different returns to scale under which a farmer is making production अगर छिए तब औब अगर ती के आँगे लिए औ़वर बगल आप अव्पुत अई पुट लोंगर लाँ दे में हमारी उजम्षन के आए, के all inputs are variable inputs pursued 해� mystical variable inputs. There is no fixed factor of production. If all if there is proportional increase in all inputs, there is some proportional impact on output. This proportional association between input and output is called as returns to scale. when farmer operates under increasing return to scale और ये जो आपकी long run average cost rise करने शुग होगगे है, ये होगगा because of decreasing return to scale और जिस पोंट पे आपकी ये कलने is relatively fretters ये है तो वहां पे आम खया सकते हैं के farmer is operating under constant returns to scale के जी जब आप increasing return to scale की बात करोगे रह af, there is increase in output is more than the proportional increase in input अच्र स्� than the proportion increases is more than the proportional increase in अपनँ आनीशुर लएकéisर कर निस anymore to produce agricultural output. और जिस जगागा पी rapid decline हो रहा है in the long and average cost, इसको हम केते हैं firm is operating under increasing return to scale. क्या फार्मरी लिज, making production of agricultural output under increasing returns to scale. लेके ये जो भी आप यहांपे एक flat सा पात है long and average cost curve का. ये आपके पास रेपोट कर रहे है constant returns to scale. after reaching the minimum average cost firm is operating under constant return to scale. क्या बाई दबलिंग यहांपोट यहांपोट भी क्या हो रहा है output also becomes double. और अगरी कल्चरल केसेज में क्या होता है अगरी कल्चरल अपोट के रेफ्विन्स में this portion is relatively large portion. और जब आप इसक्या the rising part की बात करोगे if there is further expansion in the output longer and average cost क्या होगे it starts increasing. यह क्यों होगा that is because of decreasing returns to scale. अजी जो में प्लेटर पाट अगरी कल्चरल अपट के बात कर रहा होगा यह अप स्थेश्ली अबजर्व कर सकतो अंदर life stock sector. जै जी for the fattening of animals अगर आप उने कोई फोट रव ग़ा दे रहे हो जी कोई भी inputs को multivitamins वेड़ा दे रहे हो तो उस प्रप्रोट जिस प्रप्रोट्शिन से आप उनको वेटमन्स दोग है के अब अगर अब double quantity of पाट्रिक की करोगे यह आंपृस की करोगे तो it might be possible that the animal उसी प्रप्रोट्शिन से fattened भी होचाए. और अगर हम यह सारे को अप सम्राइस कर दें के longer and planning curves are longer and average cost curve is in fact, operates under increasing return to scale, constant return to scale and decreasing return to scale. Usually, when we talk, we say longer and average cost curve is a u-shaped curve. And in that u-shaped curve, we are not in a position to say something about operation of the firm of the farmer under constant return to scale. But when you draw a curve on this pattern, as you can see on this screen, then it will clearly report three different returns to scale. Declining portion will report increasing return to scale, flatter portion will report constant return to scale and rising portion will report decreasing return to scale.