 Good morning, good afternoon, good evening, ladies and gentlemen. I'm very happy to present our work today on food safety research and training in informal or wet markets in Southeast Asia. I am Hong Nguyen from International Livestock Research Institute, presenting on behalf of the group of our colleagues, you can see here their name on the first slide. And actually, we work for the International Livestock Research Institute, one of the 15 centers of the CGIA on international agricultural research. So we work to improve food security, reduce poverty and improve natural resource and ecosystem services and contributing to the SDG. Today I talked about food safety in informal markets. So some background on why we work on this area. Recently there was a report of the WHO showing that food safety is a public health concern because it goes to 33 million dollars lost per year, comparable to three major diseases, HIVS, TB, tuberculosis and malaria. So you see from public health point of view that is important. But more importantly, this burden of foodborne disease are mainly in developing countries. If you look at Asia and Africa, it represents mainly the burden of that area. And actually most of this burden of disease are caused by the so-called microbiome, you know, virus, bacteria, parasite, and very much less from chemicals, at least at the evidence that we have until now. And also from economic impact point of view, this foodborne disease goes a loss of about 115 billion US dollars as in 2016. And you can see here most of the loss in economy is mainly from productivity loss and trade. So when we work on the food safety in informal markets, just give you an idea about the general pictures that we saw in many developing countries here in the case of Vietnam. Looking at the pork value chain, you can see that most of the pork are produced at the small scale livestock systems. And actually the slaughterhouses are operating in a rather poor hygienic condition. And at the market level, the wet market or the so-called informal market, lack of an infrastructure and hygienic condition and very often cause concerns in terms of food safety. So in this context of informal market, even though it represents some risks in terms of health, that play a very important role for most of the people in developing countries because that gives an easy access and very approachable way for people to have food. So that is important areas. And our question is, in fact, how to improve the food safety in such areas from research point of view. And here we came up for our last almost 20 years of research at INRI and partners with an approach to work on food safety. And first, we tried to analyze the current situation of food safety. We tried to bring up the capacity in applying the risk-based approach in some of the countries. We came up with the proof of concept, mainly relying on the participatory risk assessment and of course piloting the intervention in different contexts. So the framework of risk analysis is key for our work here, but really adapted to the context of developing one. Also, the theory of change helps us to identify the key partners and key actors who play crucial role in improving food safety. Here, for example, the case of Cambodia, we identified different value chain actors and also policymakers to engage them in the process of research and intervention to improve food safety. Here, for example, in the case of Vietnam, the risk-based approach was applied to analyze the risk along the bulk value chain. You can see here the process of sampling from farm to fork, but also running different models to come up with the risk for the population. For example, here, overall, about 17% of the population would have San Monela with this by eating pork that was contaminated with San Monela in informal market in Vietnam. That is important risk because a lot of people, among 93 million people, would get sick because of that problem. And we quantify also the economic loss linked to the treatment of foodborne diarrhea case in Vietnam. It costs about $107 USD to treat such a case, including direct and indirect costs in hospital and also indirect costs because people cannot work during the sickness, etc. So if you know the number of people who are sick because of the foodborne diseases, you can have an idea of how much money the government and the population in general would lose because of that food safety problem. So for example, another example, we work on a project called Safe Food Fair Food in Cambodia. This is ongoing project where we try to identify the contamination of different value chains. You can see, you know, that is not surprising, a quite high level of contamination of San Monela and Staphilococcus eros in chicken and pork in informal market, but also identify the cost of foodborne diarrhea in Cambodia is which costs about $63 USD per case. And when you have only information about the burden of disease, the contamination level. We try to come up with some simple intervention measure to improve this food safety issue in developing countries. And here's the example from Vietnam. We targeted actually the intervention at slaughterhouse level, like you can see on the left hand side. And also in the market, traditional market to improve the hygienic conditions in the market by training people. So the training is key because we need to improve the knowledge as a practices of these value chain actors in slaughterhouse and also in the retail market level. By introducing simple measure, for example, here at the slaughterhouse level, we try to introduce a simple improvement of equipment. For example, providing different metal grid to separate the carcass from the floor because the floor was kind of unhygienic. And also, you know, train people to use this in a correct way, but more importantly, engage them and, you know, understand what they want. Because this simple modification of the system might help them to improve the hygiene condition in slaughterhouse in the context of Vietnam. So the results show quite promising because we could reduce the level of microbial contamination in the carcass before that is moved to the market. Here is the market level we are, we have been doing similar approach between Vietnam and Cambodia by training retailers at the market and provide them a simple equipment to improve the hygienic condition. For example, here you can see how to separate meat with cooked food or different organs in the shop, but also how to secure certain simple materials that is the cleaning of the shop. You can see that they now earn a small investment of about $20 to $25 per shop might lead to some improvement of the hygiene condition. And to do that we work closely with the local vet in different provinces. And so we market managers and mainly different retailers from the training level into the application of the approach. And here, for example, the result can show that show that, you know, we, this intervention of about $20 to $25 per shop could bring the level of total bacterial gout down to about 07 look after the intervention. The intervention has been introduced. So that is actually quite interesting result we have. Another area is we work is about capacity building. So we see the training of course we did the training with different value chain actors, food safety like previously described, but we also target the next generation of food safety workers in different countries. For example, here we work with a researcher with young students and researcher to train them the risk based approach of food safety, but also we work with the professional, for example, the local vet as a provincial level in inspecting food and in doing research in the field. So that I think that is an important area to improve. And from a long term point of view, we also work with university, universities and other ministries, for example, here we develop the curriculum of food safety training that have been used in different universities in Vietnam, for example. And actually, some of the training also was conducted for the local professional like a provincial vet or public health people at the provincial level in Vietnam and in Cambodia. So some of the research evidence have been also used to influence the policy or to actually inform the development projects to improve food safety in these countries. The approach we have been using is in fact we work with, we form actually the so-called food safety research and task force, where we could work with different people from universities, research institute, but also from government level, so that this group can identify the issues in the country and try to come up with some proposal and use available research evidence in food safety to advise to inform the government. And we could develop some important report with donors and another development organization to work with the government to come up with the country, come up with some project development in Vietnam. And the ongoing work in Cambodia is also using the same approach and hopefully this is the result from the project can inform this kind of activities in different countries. Okay, so I hope that I could provide some information for you on the context of food safety in wet market and informal market. And the key message we would take home is actually the food safety in informal or wet market. We observe the high level of microbial contamination along the value chains, and that's actually of the public health concern. However, the high level of contamination does automatically lead to a very serious risk. That's why the risk based approach makes a clear difference between houses and risk help identify the targeted interventions and key stakeholders to improve food safety. So that is something important in this approach. We also realize that the capacity building and training to different actors along the value chain for safety is also important. And this training need to be adapted with some interventions that you know locally acceptable and socially acceptable for example, our example in the slaughterhouse and in the wet market and also from engagement and policy influence. We targeted really some of the important actors like local vet in different provinces who facilitated very much the intervention and the application of the new technology is a simple technology, low cost technology to improve food safety and working also with different stakeholders at the policy level to use some of these results for improving the food safety at different level in the context we are working. So with that I would like to thank you very much for so attention. And I would like to thank on so different people in our team in re but also in some country we work in Cambodia in Vietnam and different donors who have funded our work to make this happen. Thank you very much.