 Дорогие коллеги, в нашей пейпере мы поговорим о финальной части стона, в истинской части Европы, а мы можем называть эту региону, в какой-то мере, на ночь истинской Европы или истинской Балтикской регионе. Мы перескатываем эту церковь из экзотических объектов. Это значит that a non-local for a given territory sort of raw material or finished products made of this material. Obvious high expenses in their acquisitions make them especially valuable, but this does not necessarily mean that there should be present in the quality in any given assemblage. Отsection of exotic objects indicates existence of social networks connecting distant regions that were being established and disrupted throughout prehistoric times. Здесь мы поговорим о периоде интенсивности спрятания экзотиков в этом обществе. Немалее негрозно-неолитичный период, или негрозно-неолитичный период, в зависимости от периодизации. Моя главная эмфазия будет расположена на Эстонии и Республике в Карелле, в которой я и мой коллег Айвр Криско жив и работали. Мы выбрали три ровные материалы, namely Флинт, Амбер и Мета Тав. Здесь есть overview of the chronology and cultural situation. In the earlier part of the period that we are talking about almost whole eastern Baltic region is occupied by sites with conveyor or typical conveyor or competeveyor. The ceramic is very similar in whole this area. In the eastern part of Karelia we also have synchronous sites with so-called trumpetware and to the east and the southeast there is quite a mosaic of different cultures and ceramic types that were distinguished in the 1960s, 1980s. In the later part about 3000 years BC the northern part of this area is occupied by sites with asbestos and organic temperate wares. There are different varieties among them. The earlier of them show clear connection to the preceding conveyor tradition and some of them also can be labeled as late conveyor and in Estonia and Latvia only late conveyor is present without any asbestos mixture. And to the east and southeast we have a large area with the sites of Volosova culture which extends far away from this map down to Lower Volga and Ural mountains. These people were still hunter-gatherers. There are evidences of small-scale agriculture but these remain highly debatable. But at the same time we can speak about quite a high degree of sedentism of these populations. The first case flint. The main natural sources of good quality flint are located outside of both Karelia and Estonia. In Estonia there is also Silurian flint but it is very rare and rather poor quality. So the main raw material good quality flint was imported either from here or from here also to Estonia. So both regions are recipients in this sense. In Estonia active import of flint is recorded for the earlier part of the period that we are discussing about 400 calibrated BC. And it is followed by the spread of bifacial technology flint was imported mainly in the form of finished or semi-finished bifaces. Some small-scale production of arrowheads and repair of bigger items also was taken in Estonian sites. In Karelia the situation is a bit different because the main import of flint, most active for the discussed period, takes place on sites with asbestos and organic temperate layers. And the real explosion of bifacial technology also takes place only during this time. Flint was imported in the form of partly finished bifaces and maybe some finished objects. For our territory the sources of natural amber are located on the eastern Baltic coast in present day Latvia and Estonia. The majority of sites with amber flints is quite evenly distributed up to the distance of about 1000 kilometers from the acquisition and production centers. And in some cases there are quite huge concentrations of amber outside of the source area. And the most striking case is presented by Lubano lowlands in Latvia, which seem to be an important manufacturing center that operated on imported that is brought from the Baltic coast raw material. In Estonia we cannot discern any chronological changes in the import of amber during this period. In Karelia active import starts only on the sites with asbestos, where again. Otherwise the spread of amber in both Karelia and Estonia is quite similar despite the fact that Estonia is much closer to the natural deposits of this material. No production refuse was found indicating that adornments were imported as readymade objects. And the majority of finds originates from settlement sites and not from burial contexts. Another material method of. In this case Karelia is no longer a recipient region, but to the opposite it is the manufacturing center. This center was identified in the first half of the last century and subsequent investigations confirmed its existence. It's the western part of Lake Oniga. This is the material of volcanic origin, mostly of protozoic age. Different varieties can be distinguished in it from the geological point of view. But here we use a common label metataph or slightly metamorphosed volcanic tuff. Nowadays we know a few quarries in this area with the distinct traces of rock extraction using stone age techniques. And quite many production sites, the main majority of which are located on the western coast of Lake Oniga in the outfall of Shuiya river. And the most impressive among them is Fofanwa 13. It's a large site. The area is about 40,000 square meters, 30 of which were excavated. And according to our estimation in the excavated area there were produced about 1,000 finished objects. The dating is about 3,000 calibrated BC. Some more finds from these sites, more than 300,000 artifacts in total. Distribution of these objects, as we know it nowadays. The amount of finds drops substantially outside of the main distribution region about lakes Oniga and Ladoga, suggesting down the line exchange, at least outside of the core area, and especially along waterways. However, a few concentrations outside of this area also suggest some sort of direct exchange between some distant communities. Of course, we should not forget about source and research related biases. Another way of presenting the same data, the diameter of circles means the amount of finds which were found in a given spot. And the biggest first actually refers to the area on the western coast of Lake Oniga. And please look here. Now it's the area of Wallastava culture. Saftage sites were quite remarkable series of methods of tools imported from Karelia was found. What is interesting, these people also were producing actually the same type of tools, using the same technology, the same technomorphological model. But out of their local materials, a sort of solidified limestone and also flint. People of Wallastava culture were providing flint for Karelia, but their chopping tools seem not to be accepted in Karelia. Да, so far we know only one item, this gouge, made of flint, which most likely was produced somewhere here, in some Wallastava context. So in this sense the exchange was not fully recyclable. Final remarks, patterns of distribution of different exotics and chronological dynamics of their appearance in the studied region are remarkably different, suggesting slightly different social mechanisms driving their circulation in the society and shifting networks of this circulation. Both resources and exotic objects most likely related to prescription religion were transmitted through the barter exchange system. It is difficult to say whether this exchange had any real economical effects. The exchange gifts were at that time rather part of social and individual behavior, with which relations were established and maintained in the sense of support and community was strengthened, regardless of the real effect for the economy. The presence of exotics testifies quite complex cultural behavior of the populations in the discussed periods in this region. Я хочу закончить my presentation with this slide, showing two quite interesting cases. One is presented by a find of a bot of a method of chopping tool, which was found in one of the dwellings from Sarnat site in Latvia, which is interpreted as a workshop for making amber adornments. And the other case is presented by amber pendants, that were found in the workshop for producing mainly method of chopping tools on the western coast of Lake Oniga. Thank you for attention.