 Hi and welcome to our session. Let us discuss the following question. The question says, Examining the validity of the following argument as p or q, h2 is negation of p and s is negation of q. So now we begin with the solution. However, we will first construct truth table for hypothesis and conclusion. Let's first make a table. Now here in the given question, hypotheses are p or q and negation of p and conclusion is negation of q. p has truth value t, t, f and f and let q has truth value t, f, t, f. Now we will find truth value of p or q. When both p and q has truth value t, when p or q has truth value t, when p has truth value t and q has truth value f, then p or q has truth value t. Again, if p has truth value f and q has truth value t, then p or q has truth value t. And lastly, when both p and q has truth value f, then p or q has truth value x, find truth value of negation of p. When p has truth value t the negation of p has truth value f and when p has truth value f the negation of p has truth value t. Now, we will find truth value of negation of q. When q has truth value t then negation of q has truth value f and when q has truth value f the negation Now we will find the critical rows. Critical rows are those rows in which all the hypothesis are true. Now we can see that in the third row both the hypothesis are true. Find whether the conclusion is true or not in this critical row. We can see that conclusion is called in this critical row. So we can see that there is a row which conclusion is false. Hence we can conclude that given argument is invalid. Thank you for watching. Bye and take care.