 Dŵr nhw'n ei gael. Mae'r llun yna gyrsling llefawr o'n mynd i mi gyda i gweithio eich gweld. Rwy'n golygu'n gweithio eich gwneud yn bogor o'i ceisio mewn ei gweithio. Fel y bydau gyda i'r honan ymlaen i hyn yma, rhai rwyf am peth ymbur i'n fyrwm i gyfreithio mor hynny, I ohonyn y brif yma o'n fyddbwyno'n gweithio'r bwrdd. Felly ydw i'n gwneud ei'r bwrdd cerddau ffawr o eich gwneud. ond disability issues that we're addressing as an international research organisation, but with a focus on Southeast Asia. So in terms of setting the context, we are fully aware that Southeast Asia contains many biodiversity hotspots. It's a region of extreme biodiversity importance yet, as was mentioned in the introduction, has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the tropics. Mae'r cyfrif ydymaid yn cael cyfrifio ar agro-coli, gyda'r logi, ac yn cael, yn ysgynnig, y byw'r cyfrif er mwyaf, gan gydag yr ysgol gyda'r cyfrif, gan gydag y bydd y bydiau yn ymgyrchu yn y rhan fydd yn dweud. Mae'n mynd i gael y cyfrif ydwyr, mae'r cyfrif yw'r cyfrif yn ysgol, yn ysgol yn ysgol yn ddweud i ddweud i Ddeuces South East Asia. Mae'r mynd i'r gwybod i'r cyfrif, mae'n ei gweithio'r populatio'r gweithiau, senbwys, gweldwch sy'n gweldwch, gyfo'r rydyn ni'n ysgrifennu yw'r gyffredinol, yw aír arfer ac argynwyd ystyried a bethau mewn gwirioneddau. Yn y bod mwyn ar y gwagodau yn y cefnod, ac rydyn ni'n ysgrifennu yw mwyn iawn, yw eridiol yn y ffwrdd ym droppedydd llefaint yn y b POF黎s. A rydyn ni'n g ituch ar lil yn yr ysgrifennu. Rydyn ni'n ddyn nhw'n rydyn ni'n ddiddurio'n erfysgol, o'r hyn sy'n golygu o'r cyfnoddau yng Nghymru. A dyna'r cyfnoddau ar gyfer y cyfrifat yng Nghymru. Felly mae'n gyflym yn gwneudio'r ymddangos yng nghymru yn ddechrau ar gyfer y blaenau dechrau atlugoddau oherwydd mae'n cael ei ffwyntio'r ymddangosau. Rhaid i'n meddwl ydych chi'n ddweud am y ffyrdd yng nghymru, felly mae'n defnyddio'r ymddangosau yn ddechrau ar gyfer y gyrfaedd yn ddych chi'n ddych chi'n ddweud, mae'n eich gwirionedd y byddwch am ddweud hynny. Fy ffeirio a gwirionedd o'r husitau gyda mewn syniadau sy'n gallu gyda Iwanaeth i astudio Siaeth. Mae'r cymaint cyfrydd fel ystod yn rydym ni ddechefn i mi wneud yn llwyddiant yma sy'n gwirionedd Agnarhawd Narddd, yw leidlen, ni refwnawn i Fwyddon Aeth symmetrical Oedon, mewn gwirionedd ar hyn a wneud am ystod uch yn rhywbeth ddechrau am gyfas ystod i siaeth, ..a Cyfnopor. Cyfnopor sef ar rhai trydyddio'r rhaid... .. wedi bod yn y perun, ac yn ydym ni'n clywed... .. runway gyda dyfodol yacedig eu sewyd, ond byddwn i'r pryd. A fe cyfnodd y dweud... .. ac beth sy'n dweud i ddynnu llun os Ieis... .. am gyfodol ar y rhai rhaid... .. ac mae'r drwych gyda y ffigur hefyd... .. yn y rhaid, ydynnu llun o'r cyflwyno... .. a'r cyflwyno llun o'r cyflwyno popeth... .. o'r cyflwyno llun o'r cyflwyno llun... sollteq the worst-case scenarios. So we are looking at major changes in biodiversity and long-term extinction factors. Yn terms of protected areas we have seen an exponential increase in protected areas both in terms of size partners and number but if you look at the graph on the right you can see that in terms of biodiversity loss we are seeing considerable amounts of biodiversity loss correlated to the increase in protected areas a we have to ask ourselves all these protected areas actually having a major impact on conserving biodiversity. We often described protected areas as the last reservoirs of biodiversity, but in fact 68 to 70% of the biodiversity of South East Asia occurs outside of protected areas. So given the investment in the protected area process, we have to perhaps reappraise Io ddim yn gwoes nhw am yww'r ysgolach ar yr況 y byddai blynyddol gyda rhai i'r pryd o'r rhengwm hyn yn South East Asia. Byddwch eithaf y maen nhw o ran yn y busg yfyrddio, sydd mae'r bobl eu cymryd o'r bydd yn obses yn y Abertau, ac mae'n yn ystod gweithio yma oherwydd ynddon ni'n gwylaeth yma i hynny oherwydd Llywodraeth. Roeswn i'w ffrasil yma, ond ond i ddod yn gweithio gynnig maen nhw o gapon o'r Llywodraeth a Llywodraeth. dau amser hwysigio'r cyflyb, ac rydyn ni'n fawr o rhoi drafosio'r cynlant y brosesion ym mhwylwyr gyda'r ysgrifennu hyn ymwhyrdd hyn yn ymwylwyr... ..fa benderfyniadio ar gyfer y mynd y gall, hefyd yn ôl a'r cyfligau Todd Ewanau... ..y'r mwrddol, hynny'n gwybod y pwg drwy'r dda… ..i gael gweld cyflugol yn y brosesion ymddangos cyflyb yma sgol... ..y'r meddwl yma ar ôl o'r teimlo… ..y'r meddwl yma ar unig fynd yn os. a mae'r unrhyw hwn ar desglu'r rhai i Gwyl Gwyl Gwyl Ndeoliad gan y Cyfnod yn bryd yn oed ar gyfer ymarferio. Mae'r gweithio gyda'r logig yn y gyfnod yn y bydd yn y cyfnod ymgyrch yn yn 70 ac 80, ac mae'r gweithio gweithio'r logig yn y cyfnod yn y cyfnod. Mae'r gweithio'r cyfnod agen nhw'n gweithio'r cyfnod yn Westaf fears, a'r rai cyflogaf cyffredin, rydyn ni wedi ei adysgwysu'r cyflogaf, a'r cyflogaf yma, ac mae'r cyflogaf arall sy'n cymryd yn ei cyflogaf. A oes yn ei ddeithasio i gyflogaf ar gyfer y cyflogaf, mae'r cyflogaf ar y cyflogaf sy'n cyflogaf. A'n rhoi'r pwysig, yna yng Nghymru yma, mae'r cyflogaf yma yn y pwysig, drwy i'r cyflogaf, yn y pwysig yma. Dyna, mae'r natur i wych yn gyflwylo'r adrodd yn adndodod o'r adroddag yng Ngysgrifennig yn Llandol yng Nghymru. Dyn ni yw oedd y top cuton, a addysg yng nghymru mae Lland o'r adroddig yn ddigon o'r adroddig yn Indonesia pan i gweithio eistedd o'r adroddig yn cael cael Swaw pob llus oes. Rwy'n cael ei ffordd o'r adroddig yn llaufen o Llandol i'r swaw pob llus oed, rydych chi'n du lleol o gweithio ar gyfer Llandol o'r adroddig yn cyd-rhyw gyrraedd yn Llandol. Dyma'r bwysig o glybodaeth, mae'n bwysig o'r bwysig, mae'n bwysig o'r bwysig o'r bwysig, mae'n bwysig o'r bwysig o'r discwrs, bod dudodol, nadodol, a dyma yw'n bwysig o'r bwysig. Felly, rydynodd yn gweithio amddangos â dyfodil ar y cyfanogi dda. mae'n amlwg yng nghylch mwyaf o hynny, a dyma heiser oherwydd ddragi. Because sheer coincidences yesterday the Singapore Government contacted C4 and Forder to work together to try to address some of the drivers of the fires, particularly during the burning season. This is directly related to logging and oil palm expansion. This is what we're faced with – we go from a highly rich dense, diptocarpacee, forests, full of animals, insects and all the elements of biodiversity we all appreciate to this. And if you travel to Calamantan or Sumatra or anywhere else in Southeast Asia in fact, you are often faced with large expenses of oil palm. And the wildlife trade is something that seems to remain on the periphery of the debate about biodiversity. But this slide actually shows the legal trade in biodiversity. So this number of 13 million is a number of live animals traded in Southeast Asia legally last year. But this is but one small proportion of the actual extent of the trade. And countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia are major suppliers of wildlife to the emerging markets in China and elsewhere. And of course I was going to show another map but I'm aware of the time constraints. The concomitant trade from Africa in terms of rhino horn and ivory reaching Southeast Asia and being traded throughout many of the countries there with the end markets being in Vietnam and China. And of course we've seen the extinction of the last of the Jarvan rhinos in Vietnam based on this extensive and very lucrative wildlife trade. So in terms of food security I just came from two major food security meetings in Europe. And as I said, C4 have been working on this extensively particularly from the linkages between understanding biodiversity and food security linkages. And what we're seeing in terms of food security is of course changing demographic graphics. Populations are growing across the world and so people think there's a linear correlation between population growth and the need to grow more food. In fact we grow enough food in the world. We have one billion people who are undernourished but we have two billion people who are overweight or obese. So there's some problems here in the supply chain of food and that's one issue that needs to be addressed and that's a political thing which is outside obviously the remit of an organisation like C4. But we're also seeing changing demographics which have influenced appetites and diets. As middle classes emerge and grow their demands on the food system are such that they would like to eat more meat for example. Meat is a very inefficient way to use the residual land that we have available for agriculture. And so the major driver of change is in fact this increased affluence which enables people to diversify their diets because they have purchasing power. And it's interesting if you take Hong Kong and Singapore who grow no food whatsoever, they're completely food secure because they have purchasing power. India for example which produces a surplus every year is food insecure because of the inequities in the food distribution system. So the real challenge for Africa and for Asia is to how to grow enough nutritious food. It's not just about quantity in terms of calories you need to have a nutritious diet. And some work that we've been doing recently has focused on Africa looking at the correlation between tree cover and dietary diversity and nutrition. And we've found that looking at 93,000 households that households with close proximity to tree cover have a more nutritious and diverse diet than those who are in peri-urban or urban situations. So there is a nice correlation that C4 as a forestry research organisation wants to bring to the table in terms of precipitating policy change to get people to think about food security just in terms of more rice, more wheat, more grain but in terms of the diversity that forests and other tree-based systems provide. And as I've said earlier one of the things that we're concerned about is the segregation of food of land use systems. We tend to think of plantations as separate, we tend to think of forests as separate and agriculture all managed in a very separate way. But paradigms are changing and the whole prospect of land sharing, land sparing, integrating different functions of land use in the same landscapes if you like. And this is again something that we're very much focusing on. And this I think provides some hope for the future in integrating stakeholder interests in a wider landscape process. So in terms of what we call multi-functionality, having many functions in the same landscape, it's basically looking at spatial segregation over spatial area, temporal segregation in terms of different functions at different times within the same landscape, but also at the same time having real functionality, multi-functionality, linking biodiversity conservation, linking production systems, linking community management, all of these things in the same landscape for the mutual benefit of everybody concerned with that particular landscape. I'm not going to dwell on this slide particularly because I'm aware of time, but just the last point, the focus on ecosystem services and agricultural productivity is a key one because we do need to move away from protected areas alone. We need to make sure that all of these integrated processes are actually integrated in a way that precipitates much more coherent management of forested landscapes for many benefits, including production, including biodiversity conservation, et cetera, as I've said. The real crux of multi-functionality is the provision of ecosystem services. And ecosystem services are very much underrepresented in the international dialogue on forests, international dialogue on food security, international dialogue on conservation. And one thing we're trying to do is link the value of forest-based ecosystem services to agriculture. What is the role of forests in terms of pollination for cash crops? What is the role in terms of pest control for watershed protection? And I think these are bigger questions that we need to start asking ourselves, but these things take research, obviously. And I did a little review of research issues and did a small web of science search a couple of weeks ago when I knew about this talk. And it's interesting that biodiversity research came out very low in terms of the numbers of papers published compared to Latin America compared to Africa. And interestingly, much of the distribution of this research here in Asia has been based on or focused on mammals with less so on other taxonomic groups. And so there's a strong need to look at much greater integration of biodiversity conservation research with good taxonomic research, photogeographical research, but also linking closely with socioeconomic systems in which that research operates. And we mentioned the Millennium Development Goals, not an easy thing to say. Actually, I will take that microphone from you. Thank you. And so here we are almost in 2015. We're not doing so good. We're not doing so good on hunger. As I mentioned, there are two billion people obese, but there are still many, many people who don't have access to adequate diets. We're not doing too good on education either. In terms of poverty alleviation, this has been one of the biggest successes of the MDGs. But food prices can affect this dramatically. The spike in food prices that occurred in 2008 put one million people back into the poverty trap. And so small levels of fluctuations in commodity prices can have a huge impact on poverty. So we talk about the Millennium Development Goals, and we have resoundly, I think, not succeeded in achieving all of the targets that we had hoped for. And now we're working on the Sustainable Development Goals for post 2015. And C4 are working with the UN on trying to get at least a sustainable development goal on landscapes, on integrated landscape approaches, the kind of thing that I've been talking about, integrating multiple functions in a single landscape. And I wonder, and I hope that that does give us hope for the future in terms of integrating socio-economic, political, cultural and biodiversity concerns into one package, if you like. And the environment, I think, we will realise it's more than dollars alone. And we need to think about the intrinsic value of the environment and not just think about the opportunity costs of oil palm because it's there, because it's now. And I'll end there. So thank you very much for your time and I appreciate the musical interlude.