 It's really my pleasure and privilege to speak here and also receiving Crystal Award last night. I was recognized not only as a normal architect but also I spent a lot of time doing a disaster relief project. Because I was a little bit quite disappointed about my own profession as an architect because we are mainly working for privileged people. Money and power is invisible. People hire architects to visualize their power and money by huge monumental building. I have no objection because I love to make a monument too. But also I thought that we should use our experience and knowledge, not only for privilege but also normal public but also people who lost their houses by natural disasters. I think that we can make even temporary housing better, more comfortable, more beautiful. That's what I'm doing and I'm trying to make a balance of working in disaster, working for the other monumental project. This is the first project I did with a paper tube, recycled paper, 1986. Immediately after I graduated from school in New York Cooper Union, I started my own practice without any experience as an architect. This is for Alberto. First time I used the recycled paper because I couldn't afford using a timber. In order to use for the structure, I started testing this material. Then I designed some temporary structure. This is 1990. Before people started talking about recycling ecologine system, I started because I didn't want to waste material. This is an exhibition for half a year and all the building wall is made of paper tube. The diameter is 55. Inside is empty, 8 meter long. Wall thickness is only 15 millimeter. There are some bigger tubes here. Diameter is 120. Inside is toilet. In case you finish with the toilet paper, you can tear those inside the wall. And then I need to make a permanent building, permission from government. So I tested spend a year to design my own weekend house. I'm not type of the person to enjoy weekend, but no one hired me to design the building out of paper, so I had to do it by myself. This is the first permanent building with paper tube with government permission. This was built over 25 years ago, but the room is still beautiful because I'm not using them. I have no weekend. Here in 2000, in Hanover, Germany, there was World Expo. The main theme of Expo was environmental issue. Each country makes a lot of temporary pavilion. After half a year, we demolished them to create a lot of industrial waste. So that normally the goal of design is when building is finished. But my goal was when building was demolished. Because I wanted to make my material of my building, recycle or reuse after building was demolished. So this is paper tube produced by German company locally. But the part of their contract, they have to take it back after the construction demolished, then recycle again. That's a part of the contract we made. Even concrete, the foundation, normally we use concrete foundation, but concrete is rather difficult material to recycle. So I made a wooden box filled with sand instead of concrete. The connections is just public tape. Normally we use PVC membrane, but PVC is not good for environment. I made the roof membrane out of paper. Water-approved, fire-treated according to German regulation. And this is completion. This is a huge structure. The length is 75 meters. The width is 35 meters long. This main structure is recycled paper. And also I make a building movable. This is a museum called Nomadic Museum. This is for Canadian artist Gregory Covell. He wanted to have his own museum over 5,000 square meters traveled from city to city, country to country. So I decided to use a shipping container, not because shipping container is transportable. I used shipping container because this is international standard. You can find the same used container anywhere in the world. So that this container was just rent. This is in New York on the 14th pier. We rented this for three months from nearby shipyard. After exhibitions over, we returned to the original shipyard. Then after we moved to Los Angeles, we just rented the container from local shipyard. This is a very old pier. It's a pile made in timber. Inside is a paper tube supporting the roof. And this photo is one in Los Angeles Santa Monica because we got the parking structure. Now it's become two layers of 100 meters instead of 200 meters. We can even change the floor plan depending on the site conditions. As you see, the color of the container is different from New York. This is one we rented in Los Angeles. This was my temporary office in Paris. When I won the competition for a new Pompito Center in City of Mess, I wanted to open my own office in Paris. But as you know, renting office is very expensive in Paris. I couldn't afford. So I asked the president of the Pompito Center if he would lend me the terrace or rooftop. I wanted to make my own temporary office. So he agreed as long as the audience of the museum would be inside my office to see what's happening in the next museum. So I was very lucky to stay there for six years without paying any rent with a beautiful view. But there was one problem. When my friend came to see me, because we were part of the exhibition, they had to buy a ticket to see me. That's why I was very curious. And this is the construction of the new Pompito Center in City of Mess. The roof is made of timber structure. This is the idea come from. This is the traditional Chinese bamboo hut. And I saw this bamboo hut. It's very architectonic. The bamboo woven creating hexagon pattern and the oil paper for waterproofing, dry leaves underneath as an insulation. So that I wanted to make the roof like this in timber. I made the roof hexagon shape even that each pattern is hexagon. Because if you see the map of the France, the shape of the country is nearly hexagon. So that for French people, hexagon is national symbol. I thought in order to win the international competition, I thought to use some international symbol of the country. Now I'm working on another project in Israel. I'm using this same pattern for different meaning. This is completion. And this is I call picture window, framing beautiful monument of the city to connect museum with the symbol of the city. And the ground floor is made of glass chatter which is totally open to connect inside and outside. So this is when the glass chatter is open, cafe and the plaza outside is totally connected with inside of the museum. And the night view, the structure comes out through the transparent membrane. And this is the picture window, framing important symbol of the city is a very important cathedral of the city. I was asked to design the golf clubhouse in Korea, South Korea. But I don't play golf, so I didn't know what is inside the clubhouse. But when I was very, very small, my father used to take me the golf range for practicing. That time we put the ball on tea, made in wood, now it's plastic. So that was only my connection to the golf. So I made the tea structure in timber. So that was a very simple idea. This is a headquarter for Tamedia. Tamedia is a newspaper company in Zurich. And this is seven-story timber structure in the middle of Zurich. This is the connections. I didn't want to use the steel connections. I just made the two beams both sides of the columns because it's oval shaped. The connection is rigid. It doesn't move for the lateral force. It's a very simple construction method to make construction quicker and quiet. This is inside. And then I talk about my refugee and disaster project. 1994, Rwanda, East Africa. Two tribes, Futsun, Tutschi, fight each other and over 2 million people became refugees. And when I saw the photo above, I was quite shocked. I thought Africa is rather a warm country but they are freezing with a blanket. And I read the article during rainy season because United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee gives them such a plastic sheet. That's all. So they couldn't stand for the rainy cold weather. That's why they are freezing with a blanket. I thought we have to provide them the better shelter otherwise the medical care doesn't help them. So I wrote a letter to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee but as usual no reply. So I had to go there by myself without any appointment and I was very lucky to meet a German architect who is responsible for shelter construction and he accepted me as a consultant because of the following reason. This one is the typical UN shelter in Africa. They just provide them plastic sheet and the refugees have to cut the trees by themselves to make a frame. However, over 2 million people cut the trees and this used to be the forest but all the trees are gone. This becomes a very serious deforestation environment problem. The United Nations started providing them aluminum pipes but aluminum is very expensive material over there so they started selling for money and cut trees again. That's why aluminum pipe didn't work as alternative material so that time I proposed to use a recycled paper tube for the structure. That's why I was hired as a consultant to develop this photo. This is a three different type of tent I was testing. I was very lucky to get sponsorship with one of the most famous furniture companies in Switzerland, Vitra. Year after 1995 in Kobe, Japan we had this disaster. Nearly 7,000 people killed but this city totally burned the fire after earthquake and I knew that there were many Vietnamese refugees former refugees gathering in this Catholic church I thought that these minority people must have more difficult times than the normal Japanese victims. So I went there and they were having morning service without any roof. So I asked the priest why don't we rebuild the church out of paper but he said I'm very crazy proposing the building in paper after the fire. I didn't give up so I commuted to Kobe they were living with very poor conditions in the park with a plastic sheet. They couldn't move into government temporary housing because the housing was built outside of the city. They couldn't, they were working in a particular factory they could not commute from this temporary government house. Also then finally the priest accepted to build the church as long as I do fundraising and building with the student. This is a very small church 10m by 50m everything was built by the student. This is the first time they had a morning service under the roof. The priest said that maybe they can use only 3-4 years but actually they used for 10 years because they loved it. After 10 years they decided to rebuild the bigger church but we had a request from Taiwan they also had a big earthquake they requested us to donate this church. This is in Taiwan in the disaster area this became permanent church and the community center in Taiwan. Then I wonder what is temporary? What is permanent? Even the building out of paper can be permanent as long as people love it. Even building made in concrete if building was built by commercial developer to make money this can be very temporary because other developer destroyed the building by the run the building put new one so even concrete building can be very temporary if that is building to make money but even such an inexpensive building made in paper by student can be permanent if people love it. In 2008 in China in Chengdu they had a big earthquake over 25,000 people were killed but also many of the school building was destroyed many students died and I started building temporary housing but local government doesn't want to make a local housing instead I was asked to design temporary school so I brought my Japanese student to work with local Chinese student for 5 weeks totally by student we made the 3 building 9 classrooms over 9 classrooms over 500 square meter using local paper tube and wooden joint everything was made by student. 2009 in Italy near the Rome the old city was totally destroyed by earthquake one of the issue was they have their own Philharmonic Orchestra school of music but all the concert hall was destroyed I proposed the mayor why don't we rebuild the concert hall because the musician was leaving from city and he said I'm going to give you the run but you have to do fundraising by yourself. I was very lucky I got a phone call from Japanese embassy in Rome and they're going to help they like to help my fundraising this is construction in order to have a very good acoustical wall I didn't want to use concrete because it's too expensive and also as a temporary structure it's too heavy so the wall is made of metal scaffolding filled with sand back this is the opening concert paper tube was used as an acoustical material not as a structure 2010 in Haichi left side is Haichi because the port of the Prince the capital of Haichi was totally the airport and the port was totally closed I had to fly Santo Domingo capital of the Dominique and drive over over 7 hours to the capital no material was available in Haichi and no volunteer people so we made a team in Santo Domingo prepared all the material with paper tubes we went there with material by truck and put up them and also we trained local people to build shelter by themselves then 2011 in Japan, north side of Japan we had big earthquake, tsunami and nuclear problem this is a typical evacuation facility it's a gymnasium they have to stay there until the temporary house is built but there's no privacy so they have to suffer the situation there's no privacy between families so it's very important the condition for the people so I went there to make partitions it's a partition made of paper tube with a fabric curtain the authority didn't allow us to make permanent partitions so this is something they accepted something flexible to open and close but everything can be easily made by volunteer people so this is just 2 hours and over 50 facilities all over the damaged area we built 1,800 units with volunteer people all over the Tohoku area then unfortunately they have to move into such a poor construction housing made by government it's so close to each other you cannot open the window inside there is no storage it's so messy, leaking, no insulation you can suffer the noise from neighborhood it's terrible condition they never try to make anything comfortable but I thought also that important thing is the 500 kilometer coastline which was damaged there are no enough flat area to build standard single story housing I proposed make 3 story housing with shipping container one of the town Onagawa in Miyagi prefecture they just had only one baseball ground and they had to be 190 but it's too small for standard government house, they accepted my proposal to make first time in Japan multi-story temporary housing like this it's the same size as what government made same budget but still we can make something more comfortable and better and the residents here they just don't want to move out 20 days before earthquake in Japan big earthquake hit Christchurch in New Zealand this is the most important Anglican cathedral which was totally destroyed I got an email from the bishop he asked me my design fee for the cathedral I said if the temporary cathedral is used not only for religious service but for community services I walk free as usual I was asked to come immediately so that between New Zealand and northern Japan every week I committed between two areas I respected the original design of the cathedral to use this geometry into the new design of my new proposal made locally in Christchurch however local factory in Christchurch was small to make the paper tube requested for the structure but I didn't want to import either from Australia or Japan I wanted to use the local material making the structure out of cardboard is not important for me so I put timber inside the cardboard tube to reinforce them to use the local material this is the rose window this is the last slide here is the bishop he was very happy except for the cloth I proposed to make a cloth also out of paper tube she said it must be too cheap to make a cloth out of cardboard then I had to convince her I told her in Japanese the paper which is called kami also means God in Japanese making the cloth out of paper also means God so then she was convinced now she's very happy to have cloth out of paper I'm also making my own monument but this became the kind of symbol and also the many tourists are coming back to Christchurch so I'd like to continue building any building to be loved by people thank you very much