 Section 17 of English Synonyms and Antonyms. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Mario Pineda. English Synonyms and Antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald. Character to clear. Character. Synonyms. Constitution. Disposition. Genius. Nature. Personality. Record. Reputation. Spirit. Temper. Temperament. Character is what one is. Reputation what he is thought to be. His record is the total of his known action or inaction. As a rule, a man's record will substantially express his character. His reputation might be higher or lower than his character or record will justify. Repute is a somewhat formal word with the same general sense as reputation. Once nature includes all his original endowments or propensities, character includes both natural and acquired traits. We speak of one's physical constitution as a stronger weak, etc. and figuratively always with the adjective of his mental or moral constitution. Compare. Characteristic. Prepositions. The witness has a character for veracity. His character is above suspicion. The character of the applicant. Characteristic. Synonyms. Attribute. Character. Distinction. Feature. Indication. Mark. Pecularity. Property. Quality. Sign. Singularity. Trace. Trait. A characteristic belongs to the nature or character of the person, thing or class and serves to identify an object. As a copper, colored skin, high cheekbones and straight black hair are characteristics of the American Indian. A sign is manifest to an observer. A mark or a characteristic may be more difficult to discover. An insensible person may show signs of life, while sometimes only close examination will disclose marks of violence. Polar is ordinarily a mark of fear, but is some brave nature. It is simply a characteristic of intense earnestness. Mark is sometimes used in a good, but often in a bad sense. We speak of the characteristic of a gentleman, the mark of a building. Compare. Attribute. Character. Charming. Synonyms. Bewitching. Captivating. Delightful. Enchanting. Enrupturing. Entrancing. Fascinating. Winning. That is charming or bewitching, which is adapted to win orders as by a magic spell. Enchanting. Enrupturing. Entrancing represents the influence as to not only supernatural, but irresistible and delightful. That which is fascinating may win without delighting, drawing by some unseen power as a serpent its prey. We can speak of horrible fascination. Charming applies only to what is external to oneself. Delightful may apply to personal experiences or emotions as well. We speak of a charming matter, a charming dress, both of delightful anticipations. Compare. Amiable. Beautiful. Chastin. Synonyms. Afflict. Castigate. Chastise. Correct. Discipline. Humble. Punish. Purify. Refine. Soften. Subdued. Try. Castigate and chastise refers strictly to corporal punishment, though both are somewhat archaic. Correct and punish are often used as euphemisms in preference to either. Punish is distinctly retributive in sense. Chai-stice, partly retributive and partly corrective. Chastin, wholly corrective. Chastin is used exclusively in the spiritual sense and chiefly of the visitation of God. Propositions. We are chastened of the Lord, 1 Corinthians 11-32. They chastened us after their own pleasure, but he for our prophet, Hebrews 12-10. Chastin in thy hot displeasure, Psalms 4-7. Chastin with pain, by trials and sorrows. Cherish. Synonyms. Cheer. Cling to. Comfort. Encourage. Entertain. Foster. Harbour. Holder. Nourish. Nurse. Nurture. Protect. Shelter. Tresher. Value. To cherish is both to hold dear and to treat as dear. Mere, unexpressed esteem, will not be cherishing. In the marriage bow, to love, honour and cherish, the word cherish implies all that each can do by love and tenderness for the welfare and happiness of the order, as by support, protection, caring sickness, comfort and sorrow, sympathy and help of every kind. To nurse is to tend the helpless or feeble as infants or the sick or wounded. To nourish is strictly to sustain and build up by foot. To nurture includes careful mental and spiritual training with something of love and tenderness. To foster is simply to maintain and care for, to bring up. A foster child will be nourished, but may not be as tenderly nurtured or as lovingly cherished as he wants on. In the figurative sense, the opinion one cherishes, he holds, not with mere cold conviction, but with love and devotion. Antonyms. See synonyms for abandon. Chastin. Choose. Synonyms. Call. Elect. Pick. Pick out. Prefer. Select. Prefer indicates a state of desire and approval. Choose and act or will. Prudence or generosity may lead one to choose what he does not prefer. Select implies a careful consideration of the reasons for preference and choice. Among objects so nearly alike that we have no reason to prefer any one to another, we may simply choose the nearest, but we could not be safe to select it. Aside from theology, elect is popularly confined to the political sense as a free people elect their own rules. Call from the Latin collegiate commonly means to collect as well as to select. In a garlic we call the choicest flowers. Antonyms. Cast away. Cast out. Decline. Disclaim. Dismiss. Leave. Refuse. Reject. Repudiate. Throw aside. Propositions. Choose from or from among the number. Choose out of the army. Choose between or betwixt two. Among many. Choose for the purpose. Circumlocution. Synonyms. Diffuseness. Periphrasis. Pleonasm. Prolicity. Redundance. Redundancy. Surplusage. Tautology. Didiusness. Breviage. Verbosity. Wordiness. Circumlocution and periphrasis are run-about ways of expressing thought. Circumlocution is the more common. Periphrasis is the more technical word. Constant circumlocution produces an effective and heavy style. Occasionally, skillful periphrasis conduces both to beauty and to simplicity. Etymologically, diffuseness is a scattering both of words and thought. Redundancy is an overflow. Prolicity goes into endless pity details without selection or perspective. Pleonasm is the expression of an idea already plainly implied. Tautology is the array statement in other words of an idea already stated, or a useless repetition of a word or words. Pleonasm might add emphasis. Tautology is always a fault. I saw it with my eyes. It's a pleonasm. All the members agree unanimously. It's tautology. Breviage is the use of mere words without thought. Verbosity and wordiness denote an excess of words in proportion to the thought. Tidiusness is the sure result of any of these faults of a style. Antonyms, brevity, compactness, compression, conciseness, condensation, directness, plainness, shortness, succinctness, tarseness. Circumstance, synonyms, accompaniment, concomitant, detail, event, fact, feature, incident, item, occurrence, particular, point, position, situation. A circumstance, Latin circum, around, and stall, stand is something existing or occurring in connection with or relation to some other fact or event, modifying or throwing light upon the principal matter without affecting its essential character. An accompaniment is something that unites with the principal matter, though not necessary to it, as the piano accompaniment to a song. A concomitant goes with a thing in natural connection, but in a subordinate capacity or perhaps in contrast, as cheerfulness is a concomitant of virtue. A circumstance is not strictly nor usually an occasion, condition, effect or result. See these words under cause, nor is there circumstance properly an incident. See under accident. We say, my decision will depend upon circumstances, not upon incidents. That a man wear a blue necktie will not probably be the cause, occasion, condition or concomitant of his committing murder, but it might be a very important circumstance to identifying him as the murderer. All the circumstances make up this situation. A certain disease is the cause of a man's death. His suffering is an incident. That he is his own home. That he has good medical attendance, careful nursing, etc. are consolatory circumstances. With the same idea of subordination, we often say, this is not a circumstance to that. So a person is said to be in his circumstances. Compare. Event. Propositions. A mere situation is expressed by, in the circumstances, action affected is performed under the circumstances. Class. Synonyms. Association. Cast. Circle. Clan. Click. Club. Company. Cuttery. Grade. Order. Rank. Set. A class is a number or body of persons or objects having common pursuits, purposes, attributes or characteristics. A caste is hereditary. A class might be independent of lineage or descent. Membership in a caste is supposed to be for life. Membership in a class might be very transient. A religious and ceremonial sacredness attaches to the caste, as not to the class. The rich and the poor form separate classes, yet individuals are constantly passing from each to the other. The classes in a college remain the same, but their membership changes every year. We speak of rank among hereditary nobility or military offices, of various orders of the priesthood. By accommodation, we may refer in a general way to the higher ranks, the lower orders of any society. Grade implies some regular scale or valuation, and some inherent qualities for which a person or a thing is placed higher or lower in the scale, as the coarser and finer grades of wool, a man of an inferior grade. A cuttery is a small company of persons of similar tastes, who meet frequently in an informal way, rather for social enjoyment than for serious purpose. Click has always an unfavorable meaning. A click is always fractional, implying some greater gathering of which it is a part, the association breaks up into clicks. Persons uniting a cuttery through simple liking for one another. They withdraw into a click largely through a version of two outsiders. A set, while exclusive, is more extensive than a click, and chiefly of persons who are united by common social station, etc. Circle is similar in meaning to set, but of wider application. We speak of scientific and religious, as well as of social circles. Prepositions A class of merchants, the senior class at sometimes of Harvard, the classes in college. Claims Synonyms Brush Clean Disinfect Dust Lave Mop Purify Rinse Scur Scrub Sponge Wipe To clean is to make clean by removing dirt, impurities, or soil of any kind. Cleans implies a worse condition to start from and more to do than clean. Hercules cleans the ocean stables. Cleans is especially applied to purifying processes where liquid is used, as in the flushing of a street, etc. We brush, cloth in, if dusty, sponge it, or sponge it off, if soiled, or sponge off a spot. Furniture, books, etc. are dusted. Floors are mopped or scrubbed. Metallic utensils are scoured. A room is swept. Soil garments are washed. Foul, air, or water is purified. Cleans and purify are used extensively in a moral sense. Wash in that sense is archaic. Compare Amend Antonyms Befoul Besmir Besmerge Bespatter Contaminate Corrupt Debase Defile Deprave Pollute Soil Stain Soil Taint Beshate Propositions Cleans off or from physical or moral defilement. Cleans with an instrument, by an agent. The room was cleansed by the attendants with soap and water. Clear Synonyms Apparent Diaphanous Distinct Evident Explicit Intelligible Limpid Lucid Manifest Obvious Pollucid Perspicuous Plain Straightforward Translucent Transparent Unadorned Unambiguous Unequivocal Unmistakable Clear Latin Clarus Bright Brilliant Primarily refers to that which shines and impresses the mind through the eye with a sense of lust or splendor. A substance is said to be clear that offers no impediment to vision is not dim, dark, or obscure. Transparent refers to the medium through which a substance is seen, clear to the surface itself, with a reference to anything. We speak of a streamer's clear when we think of the water itself. We speak of it as transparent with reference to the ease with which we see the pebbles at the bottom. Clear is also said of that which comes to the senses without dimness, dullness, obstruction, or obscurity, so that there is no uncertainty as to its exact form, character, or meaning, with something of the brightness or brilliance implied in the primary meaning of the word clear. As the outlines of the shape were clear against the sky, a clear view, a clear note, clear as a bell, a clear frosty air, a clear sky, a clear statement. Hence the word is used for that which is free from any kind of obstruction as a clear field. Lucid and pollucid refer to a shining clearness as soft crystal. A transparent body allows the forms and colors of objects beyond to be seen through it. A translucent body allows light to pass through but may not permit forms and colors to be distinguished. Plate glass is transparent, ground glass is translucent, limpid refers to a liquid clearness, or that which suggests it as limpid streams. That which is distinct is well defined, especially in outline each part or object standing or seeming apart from any order, not confused, indefinite, or blurred. Distinct enunciation enables the hearer to catch every word or vocal sound without perplexity or confusion. A distinct statement is free from indefiniteness or ambiguity. A distinct apprehension of a thought leaves the mind in no doubt our uncertainty regarding it. That is, plain in the sense here considered, which is, as it were, leveled to the thought so that one goes straight on without difficulty or hindrance. As plain language, a plain statement, a clear explanation. Perspicuous is often equivalent to plain, where plain never wholly loses the meaning of an adorned so that we can say this style is perspicuous though highly ornate, when we could not call it at once ornate and plain. Compare evident, antonyms, ambiguous, cloudy, dim, dubious, foggy, indistinct, mysterious, obscure, opaque, turbid, unintelligible, vague. Propositions, clear to the mind, clear in argument, clear off or from annoyances. End of section 17. Section 18 of English Synonyms and Antonyms. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in a public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Mario Pineda. English Synonyms and Antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald. Clever to congratulate. Clever, synonyms, able, adroit, apt, bright, capable, dexterous, expert, gifted, happy, ingenious, intellectual, intelligent, keen, knowing, quick, quick-witted, sharp, skillful, smart, talented. Clever, as used in England, especially implies an aptitude for study of learning and for excellence, though not preeminent mental achievement. The early New England usage as implied, simple and weak, good nature has largely affected the use of the word throughout the United States, where it has never been much in favor. Smart, indicating dashing ability, is now coming to have a suggestion of unscrupulousness similar to that of the word sharp, which makes its use a thoughtful compliment. The discriminating use of such words as able, gifted, talented, etc. is greatly preferable to an excessive use of the word clever, compare acumen, astute, power. Antonyms, awkward, bungling, clumsy, dull, foolish, idiotic, ignorant, senseless, slow, stupid, thick-headed, witless. Collision, synonyms, clash, clashing, concussion, conflict, contact, encounter, impact, meeting, opposition, shock. Collision, the act or fact of striking violently together is a result of motion or action and is sudden and momentary. Contact might be a condition of rest and be continuous and permanent. Collision is sudden and violent, contact. Concussion is often by transmitted force rather than by direct impact. Two railway trains come into collision, an explosion of dynamite shudders neighboring windows by concussion. Impact is the blow given by the striking body as the impact of the cannon shot upon target. An encounter is always violent and generally hostile. Meeting is neutral and maybe of the dearest friends or of the bitterest foes, of objects or persons or opinions, of two or of a multitude. Shock is a result of collision. In the figurative use we speak of clashing of views, collision of persons, opposition is used chiefly of persons, more rarely of opinions or interests. Conflict is used indifferently of all. Antonyms, agreement, amity, coincidence, concert, concord, concurrence, conformity, harmony, unison, unity. Propositions, collision of one object with another, of or between opposing objects. Comfortable, synonyms, agreeable, at ease, at rest, cheerful, cheery, commodious, contented, convenient, genial, pleasant, satisfactory, satisfied, snug, well-off, well-provided, well-to-do. A person is comfortable in mind when contented and measurable satisfied. A little additional brightness makes him cheerful. He is comfortable in body when free from pain, quiet at ease, at rest. He is comfortable in circumstances or in comfortable circumstances when things about him are generally agreeable and satisfactory, usually with the suggestion of sufficient means to secure that result. Antonyms, cheerless, disagreeable, discontented, dissatisfied, distressed, dreary, forlorn, miserable, uncomfortable, wretched. Commit, synonyms, assign, confide, consign, and trust, relegate, trust. Commit, in the sense here considered, is to give in charge, put into care or keeping, to confide or entrust, is to commit especially to one's fidelity, confide being used chiefly of mental or spiritual, and trust also of maternal things. We assign a duty, confide a secret, and trust the treasure. We commit thoughts to writing, commit a paper to the flames, a body to the earth, a prisoner is committed to jail. Consign is a formal word and mercantile use, as to consign woods to an agent. Religiously, we consign the body to the grave, commit the soul to God. Compare, do, prepositions, commit to a friend for safekeeping, in law, commit to prison for trial, with a bail, in default of bail, on suspicion. Company, synonyms, assemblage, assembly, collection, conclave, concourse, conference, congregation, convention, convocation, crowd, gathering, group, host, meeting, multitude, fronk. Company, from the Latin, com, with, and panties, bread, denotes primarily the association of those who eat at a common table, or the persons so associated. Table companions, messmates, friends, and hence is widely extended to include any association of those united permanently or temporarily, for business, pleasure, festivity, trouble, etc., or by sorrow, misfortune, or wrong. Company may denote an indefinite number ordinarily more than two, but less than a multitude. In the military sense, a company is a limited and indefinite number of men. Company implies more unity of fellow and purpose than crowd, and is a less formal and more familiar word than assemblage or assembly. An assemblage may be of persons or of objects. An assembly is always of persons. An assemblage is promiscuous and unorganized. An assembly is organized and united in some common purpose. A conclave is a secret assembly. A convocation is an assembly called by authority for a special purpose. The term convention suggests less dependence upon any superior authority or summons. A group is small in number and distinct in outline, clearly marked off from all else in space or time. Collection, crowd, gathering, group, and multitude have the unorganized and promiscuous character of the assemblage. The other terms come under the general idea of assembly. Congregation is now almost exclusively religious. Meeting is often so used, but is less restricted as we may speak of a meeting of our men. Gathering refers to a common together, commonly of numbers from far and near as the gathering of the Scottish clans. Antonyms, dispersion, loneliness, privacy, retirement, seclusion, solitude. Compel, synonyms, coerce, constrain, drive, force, make, necessitate, oblige. To compel one to enact is to secure its performance by the use of a resistible physical or moral force. Force implies primarily an actual physical process, absolutely subduing all resistance. Coerce implies the actual or potential use of so much force as may be necessary to secure the surrender of the will. The American secessionist contended that the federal government had no right to coerce a state. Constraint implies the yielding of judgment and will and in some cases of inclination or affection to an overmastering power as the love of Christ constrained us. Two Corinthians, B-14, compare, drive, influence. Antonyms, see synonyms for hinder. Propositions, the soldiers were compelled to desertion, preferably with the infinitive compelled to desert. Complain, synonyms, croak, find fault, growl, grumble, grunt, murmur, remonstrate, repine. To complain is to give utterance to dissatisfaction or objection, express a sense of wrong or ill treatment. One complains of a real or assumed grievance. He may murmur through mere peevishness or ill temper. He repines with vain distress at the irreboratable or the inevitable. Complaining is by speech or writing. Murmuring is commonly said of half repressed utterance, repining of the mental act alone. One may complain of an offense to the offender or to others. Key remonstrates with the offender only. Complain has a formal and legal meaning, which the other words have not, signifying to make a formal accusation, present a specific charge. The same is true of the known complaint. Antonyms, applaud, approve, commend, eulogize, laud, praise. Prepositions, complain of a thing to a person, of one person to another, of or against a person for an act, to an officer, before the court, about a thing. Complex, synonyms, abstracts, complicated, composite, compound, confused, conglomerate, entangled, keterogeneous, intricate, involved, manifold, mingled, mixed, multi-form, obscure, tangled. That is complex which is made up of several connected parts. That is compound in which the parts are not merely connected, but fused or otherwise combined into a single substance. In a composite object, the different parts have less affinity than in that which is complex or compound, but maintain their distinct individuality. In a heterogeneous body, unlike parts or particles, are intermingled, often without apparent order or plan. Conglomerate, literally globed together, is said of a confused mingling of masses or lumps of various substances. The new England, patterned in stone, is a conglomerate drug. In a complex object, the arrangement and relational parts may be perfectly clear. In a complicated mechanism, the parts are so numerous or so combined that the mind cannot readily grasp their mutual relations. In an intricate arrangement, the parts are so intertwined that it is difficult to follow their windings. Things are involved which are rolled together so as not to be easily separated, either in thought or in fact. Things which are tangled or entangled mutually hold and draw upon each other. The conception of a material object is usually complex, involving form, color, size and other elements. A clock is a complicated mechanism. The Gordian knot was intricate. The twine and serpents of the low-coon are involved. We speak of an astruous statement, a complex conception, a confused heap, a heterogeneous mass, a tangled sky, an intricate problem, a composite architecture, an involved sentence of the complicated or intricate accounts of a great business, the entangled accounts of an incompetent audience-honest bookkeeper. Antonyms, clear, direct, homogeneous, obvious, plain, simple, uncombined, uncompounded, uniform, unraveled, condemned. Synonyms, blame, censure, convict, denounce, doom, reprobate, reprove, sentence. To condemn this to pass judicial sentence or render judgment or decision against, we may censure silently. We condemn ordinarily by open and formal utterance. Condemn this more final than blame or censure. A condemned criminal has had his trial. A condemned building cannot stand. A condemned ship cannot sail. A person is convicted when his guilt is made clearly manifest to others. In somewhat archaic views, a person is said to be convicted when guilt is brought clearly home to his own conscious, convict in the sense being alive with convince, which see under persuade. In legal usage, one is said to be convicted only by the burden of a jury. In stating the penalty of an offense, the legal word sentence is now more common than condemned, as he was sentenced to imprisonment. But in his good usage, he was condemned to imprisonment. To denounce is to make public or official declaration against, especially in a violent and threatening manner. From the puppets in the northern states, Burr was denounced as an assassin. Coffin building the nation, chapter 10, page 137, H83. To doom is to condemn solemnly and consign to evil or destruction or to predetermine to an evil destiny. An inferior race in presence of a superior is doomed to subjugation or extinction. Compare, arraign, reprove. Antonyms, absolve, acquit, upload, approve, exonerate, justify, pardon, praise. Prepositions, the bandit was condemned to death for his crime. Confess, synonyms, accept, acknowledge, admit, allow, above, certify, concede, disclose, endorse, grant, own, recognize. We accept another's statement. Admit any point made against us. Acknowledge what we have said or done good or bad. Abow our individual beliefs or feelings. Certify to facts within our knowledge. Confess our own faults. Endorse a friend's note or statement. Grant a request. Own our faults or obligations. Recognize lawful authority. Concede a claim. Confess has a high and sacred use in the religious sense, as to confess Christ before man. It may have also a playful sense, often with two, as one confesses to a weakness for confectionery. The chief present use of the word, however, is in the sense of making known to others one's own wrongdoing. In this sense, confess is stronger than our knowledge or admit and more specific than own. A person admits a mistake. A knowledge is a fault. Confess a sin or crime. Compare Apology. Abow. Antonyms. Cloak. Conceal. Cover. Deny. Disable. Disguise. Dissone. Disassemble. Dissimulate. Hide. Mask. Reprugate. Screen. Secret. Bail. Confirm. Synonyms. Assure. Collaborate. Establish. Fix. Proof. Radify. Sanction. Settle. Strengthen. Substantiate. Sustain. Uphold. Confirm, letting con together and firmness firm, is to add firmness or give stability to. Both confirm and corroborate perhaps oppose something already existing to which the confirmation or corroboration is added. Testimony is corroborated by concurrent testimony or by circumstances, confirmed by established facts. That which is terribly proved is said to be established, so is that which is official and has adequate power behind it as the established government, the established church, the continents are fixed. A treaty is ratified. An appointment confirmed. An act is sanctioned by any portion of authority that passes upon it approvingly. A statement is substantiated. A report confirmed. A controversy settled. The decision of a lower court sustained by a higher. First government should be upheld. The beneficent results of Christianity confirm our faith in it as a divine revelation. Antonyms abrogate, annul, cancel, destroy, overthrow, shake, shudder, unsettle, upset, weaken. Propositions. Confirm a statement by testimony. Confirm a person in a belief. Congratulate. Synonym. Felicitate. To felicitate is to pronounce one happy or wish one joy. To congratulate is to express hearty sympathy in his joys or hopes. Felicitate is called informal. We say one felicitates himself, though to congratulate oneself which is less natural is becoming prevalent. Antonyms. Condol with console. Propositions. Congratulate one on or upon his success. End of section 18. Section 19 of English synonyms and antonyms. This is a Librebox recording. All Librebox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer please visit Librebox.org Recording by Mario Pineda English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald Conquer to criminal. Conquer. Synonyms. Bit. Checkmate. Crash. Defeat. Disconfit. Down. Humble. Master. Overcome. Overmaster. Overmatch. Overpower. Overthrow. Prevail over. Put down. Reduce. Route. Subdue. Subject. Subjugate. Surmount. Banquish. Win. Worse. To defeat an enemy is to gain an advantage for the time. To banquish is to win a signal victory. To conquer is to overcome so effectively that the victory is regarded as final. Conquer in many cases carries the idea of possession as to conquer, respect, affection, peace, etc. A country is conquered when its armies are defeated and its territory is occupied by the enemy. It may be subjected to indemnity or to various disabilities. It is subjugated when it is held helplessly and continuously under military control. It is subdued when all resistance has died out. An army is defeated when forcibly driven back. It is routed when it is converted into a mob or fugitives. Compare. Beat. Antonyms. Capitulate. Seed. Fail. Fall. Fly. Forfeit. Lose. Resign. Retire. Retreat. Submit. Socombe. Surrender. Gild. Conscious. Synonyms. Adviced. Apprised. Assured. Aware. Certain. Certified. cognizant. Informed. sensible. Sure. One is aware of that which exists without him. He is conscious of the inner workings of his own mind. Sensible may be used in the exact sense of conscious or it may partake of both the senses mentioned above. One may be sensible of his own or another's error. He is conscious only of his own. A person may feel assured or sure of something false or non-existent. What he is aware of is still more what he is conscious of must be fact. Sensible has often a reference to the emotions where conscious may apply only to the intellect. To say a culprit is sensible of his degradation is more forcible than to say he is conscious of it. Antonyms. Cold. Dead. Deaf. Ignorant. Insensible. Unaware. Unconscious. Proposition. On the stormy sea man is conscious of the limitation of human power. Consequence. Synonyms. Consequent. Effect. End. Event. Issue. Outcome. Outgrowth. Result. Sequel. Upshot. Effect is the strongest of these words. It is that which is directly pronounced by the action of an efficient cause. We say every effect must have an adequate cause. Compare. Cause. In regard to human actions effect commonly relates to intention as the shot took effect that is the effect intended. A consequence is that which follows an act naturally but less directly than the effect. The motion of the piston is the effect and the agitation of the water under the paddle wheels a consequence of the expansion of a steam in the cylinder. The result is literally the rebound of an act depending on many elements. The issue is that which flows force directly. We say the issue of a battle the result of a campaign. A consequence commonly is that which follows simply in order of time or a occurrence. The end is the actual outcome without determination of a relation to what has come before. It is ordinarily viewed as either the necessary natural or logical outcome. Any effect consequence or result being termed an end as the end of such a curse must be ruined. The event letting E out and venue come is primarily exactly the same in meaning as outcome but in use it is more nearly equivalent to upshot. Signifying the sum and the substance of all effects consequences and results of a curse of action compare accident cause circumstance and event console synonyms comfort condole with encourage sympathize with one condoles with an order by the expression of candle sympathy in his trouble. He consoles him by considerations adapted to soothe and sustain the spirit as by the assurances on promises of the gospel. He encourages him by the hope of some relief or deliverance. He comforts him by whatever act or word tends to bring mind or body to a state of rest and cheer. We sympathize with others not only in sorrow but in joy. Compare alleviate pity antonyms annoy distress disturb grieve hurt sadden trouble wound contagion synonym infection infection is frequently confused with contagion even by medical man. The best research now limits contagion to diseases that are transmitted by contact with the deceased person either directly by touch or indirectly by use of the same articles by breath efflubia etc. infection is applied to diseases produced by no known or definable influence of one person upon another but where common climatic malaria or other widespread conditions I believe to be chiefly instrumental continual synonyms ceaseless constant continuous incessant imbarable perpetual, regular, unbroken unceasing, uninterrupted unremitting, unbarring continuous describes that which is absolutely without pause or break continual, that which often intermits but as regularly begins again a continuous beach is exposed to the continual beating of the waves a similar distinction is made between incessant and ceaseless the incessant discharge of firearms makes the ceaseless rural bottle constant is sometimes used in the sense of continual but its chief uses are mental and moral contract, synonyms agreement, arrangement, bargain cartel, compact, covenant engagement, obligation pact, pledge promise, stipulation all these words involve at least two parties though an engagement or promise may be the act of both one a contract is a formal agreement between two or more parties for the doing or living undone some specified act or acts and is ordinarily in writing promises may have the force of a contract a consideration or compensation is essential to convert an agreement into a contract a contract may be oral or written a covenant in law is a written contract under seal covenant is frequent in religious usage as contract is in law and business compact is essentially the same as contract but it is applied to international agreements, treaties, etc a bargain is a mutual agreement for an exchange of values without the formality of a contract a stipulation is a single item in an agreement or contract a cartel is a military agreement for the exchange of prisoners or the like contrast, synonyms compare, differentiate discriminate, oppose to compare Latin con together and par equal is to place together in order to show likeness or unlikeness to contrast Latin contra against and stand is to set in opposition in order to show unlikeness we contrast objects that have been already compared we must compare them at least momentarily even to know that they are different we contrast them when we observe their own likeness in a general way we differentiate them when we know the difference exactly and point by point we distinguish objects when we know the difference that may fall short of contrast we discriminate them when we classify or place them according to their differences preposition, we contrast one object with another conversation, synonyms chat, colloquy communication, communion confabulation, conference converse, dialogue discourse, intercourse parlay, talk conversation, Latin con with is a temologically entered change of ideas with some other person or persons talk might be wholly one sided many brilliant talkers have been incapable of conversation there might be intercourse without conversation as by looks, signs etc communion is of hearts communication is often by writing and may be uninvited and unreciprocated talk might denote the mere utterance of words with little thought those with an idle talk empty talk rather than idle or empty conversation discourse is now applied chiefly to public addresses a conference is more formal than a conversation dialogue denotes ordinarily an artificial or imaginary conversation generally of two persons but sometimes of more a colloquy is indefinite as to number and generally strong but informal compare, behavior, prepositions conversation with friends between or among the guests about a matter convert, synonyms disciple, neophyte proselyte the name disciple is given to the follower of a certain faith without reference to any previous belief or allegiance a convert is a person who has to come to one faith from a different belief or from unbelief a proselyte is one who has been led by a religious system whether with or without true faith a convert is always understood to be a believer a neophyte is a new convert not yet fully indoctrinated or not admitted to full privileges the antonyms apostate, pervert and renegade are condemnatory names applied to the convert by those whose faith he forsakes convey synonyms, carry change, give move, remove, sell shift, transfer transmit, transport convey, transmit and transport all imply the liberty at the destination as I will convey the information to your friend air conveys sound to a listener carry does not necessarily imply the liberty and often does not admit of it a man carries an appearance conveys an impression the appearance remaining his own the impression being given to another I will transmit the letter transport the goods the horse carries his mane and tail but does not convey them transfer may or may not imply the liberty to another person as items might be transferred from one account to another or a word transfer to the following line and low real estate which cannot be moved is conveyed by simply transferring tidal line possession transport usually refers to material transfer, transmit and convey may refer to immaterial objects we transfer possession transmit intelligence convey ideas but do not transport them in the case of convey the figurative sense now predominates compare, carry antonyms, cling to hold, keep, possess preserve, retain prepositions convey to a friend, a purchaser etc convey from the house to the station convey by express, by hand etc convoke, synonyms assemble, call, call together collect, convene gather, muster, summon a convention is called by some officer or officers as by its president, its executive committee or some eminent leaders the delegates are assembled or convened in a certain place at a certain hour convoke implies an organized body and a superior authority assemble and convene express more independent action, parliament is convoked congress assembles, troops are mustered, witnesses and jurymen are summoned antonyms, adjourn, break up disband, discharge dismiss, disperse dissolve, prorogue scatter, separate criminal synonyms, abominable culpable, fallown use flagitius, guilty illegal, immoral iniquitous, nefarious sinful, unlawful misuse, vile, wicked wrong every criminal act is illegal or unlawful but illegal or unlawful acts may not be criminal, officers against public law are criminal, officers against private rights are merely illegal or unlawful, as a general rule all acts punishable by fine or imprisonment or both are criminal in view of the law it is illegal for a man to trespass on another's land but it is not criminal, the trespasser is liable to a civil suit for damages but not indictment, fine or imprisonment a felonious act is a criminal act of an aggravated kind which is punishable by imprisonment, indipendence and charity or by death a flagitius crime is one that brings public odium vicious refers to the indulgence of evil appetites, habits or passions vicious acts are not necessarily criminal or even illegal, we speak of a vicious horse, that which is iniquitous, that is contrary to equity may sometimes be done under the form so low and gratitude is lawful, hypocrisy is wicked but neither is punishable by human law hence, neither is criminal or illegal compare, sin antonyms innocent, just lawful, legal meritorious, moral right, virtues end of section 19 for more information or to volunteer visit LibriVox.org English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald Daily to Delicious Daily Synonym Diurnal Daily is the Saxon and popular Diurnal the Latin and scientific term in strict usage daily is the antonym of nightly as diurnal is of nocturnal Daily is not however held strictly to this use a physician makes daily visits if he calls at some time within each period of 24 hours diurnal is more exact in all of its uses a diurnal flower opens or blooms only in daylight a diurnal bird or animal flies or ranges only by day in contra distinction to nocturnal flowers, birds, etc a diurnal motion exactly fills an astronomical day or the time of one rotation of a planet on its axis while a daily motion is much less definite antonyms nightly nocturnal danger synonyms hazard insecurity jeopardy peril risk danger is exposure to possible evil which may be either near and doubtful peril is exposure to imminent and sharply threatening evil especially to such as results from violence an invalid may be in danger of consumption a disarmed soldier is in peril of death jeopardy is nearly the same as peril but involves like risk more of the element of chance or uncertainty a man tried upon a capital charge is said to be put in jeopardy of life insecurity is a feeble word but exceedingly broad applying to the placing of a dish or the possibilities of a life a fortune or a government compare hazard antonyms defense immunity protection safeguard safety security shelter dark synonyms black dim dismal dusky gloomy sable shadowy shady somber swart sworthy strictly that which is black is absolutely destitute of color that which is dark is absolutely destitute of light in common speech however a coat is black though not optically colorless the night is dark though the stars shine that is obscure shadowy or shady from which the light is more or less cut off dusky is applied to objects which appear as if viewed in fading light the word is often used as are swart and sworthy of the human skin when quite dark or even verging toward black dim refers to imperfection of outline from distance darkness mist etc. or from some defect of vision opaque objects as smoked glass are impervious to light murky is said of that which is at once dark obscure and gloomy as a murky dim a murky sky figuratively dark is emblematic of sadness agreeing with somber dismal gloomy also of moral evil as a dark deed of intellectual matters dark is now rarely used in the old sense of a dark saying etc. see mysterious obscure antonyms bright brilliant clear crystalline dazzling gleaming glowing illumined light lucid luminous radiant shining transparent white decay synonyms corrupt decompose molder putrefy rot spoil rot is a strong word ordinarily esteemed course but on occasion capable of approved emphatic use as the name of the wicked shall rot proverbs 10 decay and decompose are now common euphemisms a substance is decomposed when resolved into its original elements by any process it is decayed when resolved into its original elements by natural processes it decays gradually but may be instantly decomposed as water into hydrogen and hydrogen to say that a thing is decayed may denote only a partial result but to say it is decomposed ordinarily implies that the change is complete or nearly so putrefy and the adjectives putrid and putrescent and the nouns putridity and putrescence are used almost exclusively of animal matter in a state of decomposition the more general word decay being used of either animal or vegetable substances deception synonyms craft cunning deceit delusion dissimulation healing duplicity fabrication falsehood finesse fraud guile hypocrisy in position lie lying prebarication trickery untruth to the disposition out of which deceit and deception grow and also to their actual practice a lie lying or falsehood is the uttering of what one knows to be false with intent to deceive the novel or drama is not a lie because not meant to deceive the ancient teaching that the earth was flat was not a lie because not then known to be false untruth is more than lack of accuracy implying always lack of veracity but it is a somewhat milder and more dignified word than lie falsehood and lying are in utterance deceit and deception merely in act or implication deception may be innocent and even unintentional as in the case of an optical illusion deceit always involves injurious intent craft and cunning have not necessarily any moral quality they are common traits of animals but stand rather low in the human scale duplicity is the habitual speaking or acting with intent to appear to mean what one does not the simulation is rather a concealing of what is than a pretense of what is not finesse is simply an adroit and deliberate management of a matter for one's own side necessarily involving deceit compare artifice fiction fraud hypocrisy antonyms candor fair dealing frankness guilelessness honesty openness simplicity defense synonyms apology bulwark fortress guard protection rampart resistance safeguard shelter shield vindication the weak may speak none but the powerful can assure others of protection a defense is ordinarily against actual attack protection is against possible as well as actual dangers we speak of defense against an assault protection from the cold vindication is a triumphant defense of character and conduct against charges of error or wrong compare apology antonyms abandonment betrayal capitulation desertion flight surrender prepositions defense against assault or assailants in law defense from the testimony defile synonyms befoul contaminate corrupt infect pollute soil spoil stain taint tarnish vitiate hand may be defiled by a touch of pitch swine that have been wallowing in the mud are befouled contaminate and infect refer to something evil that deeply pervades and permeates as the human body or mind pollute is used chiefly of liquids as water polluted with sewage tainted meat is impulsive infected meat contains germs of disease a soiled garment may be cleansed by washing a spoiled garment is beyond cleansing or repair bright metal is tarnished by exposure a fair sheet is sullied by a dirty hand in figurative use defile may be used merely in a ceremonial sense quote they themselves went not into the judgment hall lest they should be defiled close quote John 1828 contaminate refers to deep spiritual injury pollute has also a reference to sacrilege as to pollute a sanctuary and altar or an ordinance the innocent are often contaminated by association with the wicked the vicious are more and more corrupted by their own excesses we speak of a vitiated taste or style fraud vitiates a title or a contract antonyms clean cleanse disinfect purify sanctify wash prepositions the temple was defiled with blood defiled by sacrilegious deeds definition synonyms comment commentary description explanation exposition interpretation rendering translation a definition is exact an explanation general a definition is formal a description pictorial a definition must include all that belongs to the object defined and exclude all that does not a description may include only some general features an explanation may simply throw light upon some point of special difficulty an exposition undertakes to state more fully what is compactly given or only implied in the text as an exposition of scripture interpretation is ordinarily from one language into another or from the language of one period into that of another it may also be a statement giving the doubtful or hidden meaning of that which is recondite or perplexing as the interpretation of a dream a riddle or of some difficult passage definition explanation exposition and interpretation are ordinarily blended in a commentary which may also include description a comment is upon a single passage a commentary may be the same but is usually understood to be a volume of comments delegate synonyms deputy legate proxy representative substitute these words agree in designating one who acts in the place of some other or others the legate is an ecclesiastical officer representing the pope in strict usage the deputy or delegate is more limited in functions and more closely bound by instructions than a representative a single officer may have a deputy many persons combine to choose a delegate or representative in the united states informal assemblies send delegates to nominating conventions with no legislative authority representatives are legally elected to congress and the various legislatures with law making power deliberate synonyms confer consider consult debate meditate ponder reflect way an individual considers meditates ponders reflects by himself he weighs a matter in his own mind and is sometimes said even to debate with himself consult and confer always imply to or more persons as does debate unless expressly limited as above confer suggests the interchange of council advice or information consult indicates almost exclusively the receiving of it a man confers with his associates about a new investment he consults his physician about his health he may confer with him on matters of general interest he consults a dictionary but does not confer with it deliberate which can be applied to a single individual is also the word for a great number while consult is limited to a few a committee consults and assembly deliberates deliberating always carries the idea of slowness consulting is compatible with haste we can speak of a hasty consultation not of a haste deliberation debate implies opposing views deliberate simply a gathering and balancing of all facts and reasons we consider or deliberate with a view to action while meditation may be quite purposeless prepositions we deliberate on or upon also about or concerning a matter the first two are preferable delicious synonyms dainty delightful exquisite luscious savory that is delicious which affords a gratification at once vivid and delicate to the senses especially to those of taste and smell delicious fruit a delicious odor luscious has a kindred but more fulsome meaning inclining toward a cloying excess of sweetness or richness savory is applied chiefly to cooked food made palatable by spices and condiments delightful may be applied to the higher gratifications of sense as delightful music but is chiefly used for that which is mental and spiritual delicious has a limited use in this way as a delicious bit of poetry the word is sometimes used ironically for some pleasing absurdity as this is delicious compared delightful antonyms acrid bitter loathsome nauseous repulsive unpalatable unsavory end of section 20 read by Dennis Sayers in Modesto, California for LibriVox section 21 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording for LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org this recording by Amy Benton English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernal delightful to difference delightful synonyms acceptable agreeable congenial delicious pleasant pleasing pleasurable satisfying welcome agreeable refers to whatever gives a mild degree of pleasure as an agreeable perfume acceptable indicates a thing to be worthy of acceptance as an acceptable offering grateful is stronger than agreeable or gratifying indicating whatever awakens a feeling akin to gratitude a pleasant face and pleasing manners arouse pleasurable sensations and make the professor an agreeable companion if possessed of intelligence vivacity and goodness such a person's society will be delightful criminals may find each other's company congenial but scarcely delightful satisfying denotes anything that is received with calm acquiescence as substantial food as established truth that is welcome which is received with joyful heartiness as welcome tidings compare beautiful charming delicious antonyms depressing disappointing distressing hateful horrible mournful wretched delusion synonyms error fallacy, hallucination illusion, phantasm a delusion is a mistaken conviction an illusion a mistaken perception or inference an illusion may be wholly of the senses a delusion always involves some mental error in an optical illusion the observer sees either what does not exist or what exists otherwise than as he sees it as when in a mirage distant springs and trees appear close at hand we speak of the illusions of fancy or of hope but of the delusions of the insane a hallucination is a false image or belief which has nothing outside of the disordered mind to suggest it as the hallucinations of delirium tremens compare deception insanity antonyms actuality certainty reality truth demolish synonyms destroy overthrow a building monument or other structure is demolished when reduced to a shapeless mass it is raised when leveled to the ground it is destroyed when its structural unity is gone whether or not its components parts remain an edifice is destroyed by fire or earthquake it is demolished by bombardment it is ruined when by violence or neglect it has become unfit for human habitation compare abolish break antonyms build construct create repair restore demonstration synonyms certainty conclusion consequence deduction evidence induction inference proof demonstration in the strict and proper sense is the highest form of proof and gives the most absolute certainty that cannot be applied outside of pure mathematics or other strictly deductive reasoning there can be proof and certainty however in matters that do not admit a demonstration a conclusion is the absolute and necessary result of the admission of certain premises an inference is a probable conclusion toward which known facts, statements or admissions point but which they do not absolutely establish sound premises together with their necessary conclusion constitute a demonstration evidence is that which tends to show a thing to be true in the widest sense as including self-evidence or consciousness it is the basis of all knowledge proof in the strict sense is complete irresistible evidence as there was much evidence against the accused but not amounting to proof of guilt moral certainty is a conviction resting on such evidence as puts a matter beyond reasonable doubt while not so irresistible as demonstration compare hypothesis induction design synonyms aim, device end, final cause intent, intention object plan, project proposal, purpose scheme design refers to the adaptation means to an end the correspondence and coordination of parts or of separate acts to produce a result intent and purpose over leap all particulars and fasten on the end itself intention is simply the more familiar form of the legal and philosophical intent plan relates to details of form structure and action in themselves design considers these same details all as a means to an end the plan of the campaign may be for a series of sharp attacks with the design of the surprising and overpowering the enemy a man comes to a fixed intention to kill his enemy he forms a plan to entrap him into his power with the design of then compassing his death as the law cannot read the heart it can only infer the intent from the evidences of design intent denotes a straining stretching forth towards an object purpose simply the placing it before oneself hence we speak of the purpose rather than the intent or intention of God we hold that the remarks of design of nature prove it the work of a great designer intention contemplates the possibility of failure purpose looks to assured success intent or intention refers especially to the state of mind of the actor purpose to the result of the action compare name cause idea model prepositions the design of defrauding the design of a building a design for a statue desire synonyms appetency aspiration concupiscence craving hankering inclination intensity wish inclination is the mildest of these terms it is a quiet or even a vague or unconscious tendency but when we speak of a strong or decided inclination we do not express the intensity of desire desire has a wide range from the highest objects to the lowest desire is for an object near at hand or near in thought and viewed as attainable which may be for that which is remote or uncertain or even for what is recognized as impossible craving is stronger than hankering hankering may be the result of a fitful capitious appetite craving may be the imperious and reasonable demand of the whole nature longing is a reaching out with a deep persistent demand for that which is viewed is now distant but at some time attainable as the captive's longing for release coveting ordinarily denotes wrong desire for that which is another's compare appetite antonyms see synonyms for antipathy prepositions the desire of fame a desire for excellence dexterity synonyms aptitude cleverness readiness skill readiness french ah to android right and dexterity latin dexter right right hand might each be rendered right handedness but adroitness carries more of the idea of eluding, parrying or checking some hostile movement or taking advantage of another in controversy dexterity can phase the idea of doing accomplishing something readily and well in the action of others we speak of adroitness in fencing boxing or debate of dexterity in horsemanship in the use of tools weapons etc aptitude latin aptus fit or fitted is a natural readiness which by practice may be developed into dexterity skill is more exact to line rule and method than dexterity dexterity cannot be communicated at often times cannot even be explained by its possessor skill to a great extent can be imparted skilled workmen in various trades are numbered by thousands compare address clever power skillful prepositions dexterity of hand of movement of management with the pen in action in manipulating men at cards diction synonyms expression language phrase phraseology style verbiage vocabulary wording an author's diction is strictly his choice and use of words with no special reference to thought expression regards the word simply as the vehicle of the thought phrase and phraseology which are somewhat technical as in legal phraseology in military phrase diction is general wording is limited we speak of the diction of an author or of a work the wording of a proposition of a resolution etc verbiage never bears this sense see circumlocution the language of a writer or speaker may be the national speech he employs as the English or French language or the word may denote his use of that language as the author's language is well or ill chosen style includes diction expression rhetorical figures such as metaphor and simile the effect of an author's prevailing tone of thought of his personal traits in short all that makes up the clothing of thought in words thus we speak of a figurative style a frigid or an argumentative style etc or of the style of poly, prescott or others an author's vocabulary is the range of words which he brings to his use compare language die synonyms cease deces decline depart expire fade perish wither die to go out of life become destitute of vital power and action is figuratively applied to anything which has the appearance of life where the dying night lamp flickers Tennyson Loxley Hall stands a 40 an echo a strain of music a tempest a topic an issue dies expire literally to breathe out is a softer word for die it is used figuratively of things that cease to exist by reaching a natural limit as Elise expires the time has expired to perish literally in Latin to go through as in English we say the fire goes out is often as used of death by privation or exposure as in I perish with hunger Luke 15.7 sometimes of death by violence knowledge and fame art and empires may be said to perish the word denotes utter destruction and decay antonyms be born begin be immortal come into being come to life exist flourish grow live rise again rise from the dead survive prepositions to die of fever by violence rarely with the sword famine etc Ezekiel 7.15 to die for one's country to die at sea in one's bed in agony to die to the world difference synonyms contrariety contrast disagreement discrepancy discrimination disparity dissimilarity dissimilitude distinction divergence diversity inconsistency inequality unlikeness variation variety difference is the state or quality of being unlike or the amount of such unlikeness a difference is in the things compared a discrimination is in our judgment of them a distinction is in our definition or description or mental image of them careful discrimination of real differences results in clear distinctions disparity is stronger than inequality implying that one thing falls far below another as the disparity of our achievements when compared with our ideals dissimilarity is between things sharply contrasted there may be a difference between those almost alike there is a discrepancy in accounts that fail to balance variety involves more than two objects so in general does diversity variation is a difference in the condition or action of the same object at different times disagreement is not merely the lack but the opposite of agreement it is a mild word for opposition and conflict difference is sometimes used in the same sense antonyms agreement consonance harmony identity likeness resemblance sameness similarity uniformity unity prepositions difference between the old and the new differences among men a difference in character of action of style less frequently a difference controversy with a person a difference of one thing from incorrectly to another end of section 21 section 22 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information also volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Kate McKenzie English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald difficult to dogmatic difficult synonyms arduous exhausting hard laborious onerous severe toilsome trying arduous from the Latin arduous steep signifies primarily so steep and lofty as to be difficult of ascent and hence applies to that which involves great and sustained exertion unordinarily for a lofty aim great learning can only be won by arduous toil hard applies to anything that resists our endeavors with a scarcely penetrable mass resists our physical force anything is hard that involves tax and strain whether of the physical or mental powers difficult is not used of that which merely taxes physical force a deadlift is called hard rather than difficult breaking stone on the road would be called hard rather than difficult work that is difficult which involves skill sagacity or address with or without a considerable expenditure of physical force a geometrical problem may be difficult to solve a mountain difficult to ascend hard may be active or passive a thing may be hard to do or hard to bear arduous is always active that which is laborious or toilsome simply requires the steady application of labor or toil till accomplished toilsome is the stronger word that which is onerous from the Latin onus a burden is mentally burdensome or oppressive responsibility may be onerous even when it involves no special exertion unternims easy passile light pleasant slight trifling trivial direction synonyms aim bearing course inclination tendency way the direction of an object is the line of motion or a vision toward it or the line in which the object is moving considered from our own actual or mental standpoint way literally the road or path comes naturally to mean the direction of the road or path conversationally way is almost a perfect synonym of direction because which way did he go or in which direction bearing is the direction in which an object is seen with reference to another and especially with reference to the point of the compass course is the direction of a moving object inclination that toward which a stationary object leans tendency the direction toward which anything stretches or reaches out tendency is stronger and more active than inclination compare aim care order oversight discern synonyms a hold describe discriminate distinguish observe perceive recognise see what we discern we see apart from all of the objects what we discriminate we judge apart what we distinguish we mark apart or recognise by some special mark or manifest difference we discriminate by real differences we distinguish by outward signs an officer is readily distinguished from a common soldier by his uniform objects may be dimly discerned at twilight when yet we cannot clearly distinguish one from another we describe originally a spy what is difficult to discover compare discover look discover synonyms ascertain describe detect discern disclose expose ferret out find find out invent of human actions or character detect is used almost without exception in a bad sense discover may be used in either the good or the bad sense often are in the good he was detected in a fraud real merit is sure to be discovered in scientific language detect is used with delicate indications that appear in course of careful watching as a slight fluttering of the pulse could be detected we discover what has existed but has not been known to us we invent combinations or arrangements not before in use Columbus discovered America most invented the electric telegraph find is the most general word for every means of coming to know what was not before certainly known a man finds in the road some strangers purse or finds his own which he is searching for the expert discovers or detects an error in an account the auditor finds the account to be correct compare discern antonyms see synonyms for hide disease synonyms affection ailment complaint disorder distemper illness in disposition infirmity malady sickness unhealthiness unsoundness disease is the general term for any deviation from health in a more limited sense it denotes some definite morbid condition disorder and affection are rather partial and limited as a nervous affection a disorder of the digestive system sickness was generally used in English speech and literature till the close of the 18th century at least for every form of physical disorder as abundantly appears in the English Bible Jesus went about healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people from Matthew chapter 4 verse 23 Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness whereof he died from two kings chapter 8 verse 14 there is now in England a tendency to restrict the words sick and sickness to nausea or sickness at the stomach and to hold ill and illness as the only proper words to use in a general sense this distinction has received but a very limited acceptance in the United States where sick and sickness have the earlier and wider usage we speak of trifling ailments a slight indisposition a serious or a deadly disease a slight or severe illness a painful sickness complaint is a popular term which may be applied to any degree of ill health slight or severe infirmity denotes a chronic or lingering weakness or disability as blindness or lameness antonyms health robustness soundness strength sturdiness vigor disparage synonyms belittle carpat decry depreciate derogate from detract from discredit dishonour lower underestimate underrate undervalue to decry is to cry down in some noisy public or conspicuous manner a witness or a statement is discredited the currency is depreciated a good name is dishonoured by unworthy conduct we underestimate in our own minds we may underrate or undervalue in statement to others these words are used with few exceptions of things such as qualities, merits, attainments etc to disparage is to belittle by damaging comparison or suggestion it is used only of things a man's achievements are disparaged his motives depreciated his professions discredited he himself is culminated slandered etc compare slander antonyms see synonyms for praise displace synonyms confuse crowd out derange disarrange disturb jumble mislay misplace remove unsettle objects are displaced when moved out of the place they have occupied they are misplaced when put into a place where they should not be one may know where to find what he has misplaced what he has mislaid he cannot locate antonyms adjust array assort classify group order place put in order put in place set in order sort do synonyms accomplish achieve actualise bring about bring to pass carry out carry through commit complete consummate discharge effect execute finish fulfil perform perpetrate realise transact work out we may say of the least item of daily work it is done and of the grandest human achievement well done finish and complete signify to bring to an end what was previously begun there is frequently the difference in usage that finish is applied to the fine details and is superficial while complete is comprehensive being applied to the whole ideal plan and execution as to finish a statue to complete a scheme of philosophy to discharge is to do what is given in charge expected or required as to discharge the duties of the office to fulfil is to do or to be what has been promised expected hope or desired as a son fulfills a father's hopes realise effect execute and consummate all signify to embody in fact what was before in thought we may realise that which he has done nothing to bring about he may realise the dreams of youth by inheriting a fortune but he cannot affect his early designs except by doing the utmost that is necessary to make them fact effect includes all that is done to accomplish the intent execute refers rather to the final steps consummate is limited quite sharply to the concluding act an officer executes the law when he proceeds against his violators a purchase is consummated when the money is paid and the property delivered execute refers more commonly to the commands of others effect and consummate to one's own designs as the commander affected the capture of the fort because his officers and men promptly executed his commands achieve to do something worthy of achieve signifies always to perform some great and generally some worthy exploit perform and accomplish both imply walking towards the end but perform always allows a possibility of not attaining while accomplished carries the thought of full completion in Longfellow's lines patience accomplished by labour etc perform could not be substituted without great loss as between complete and accomplished complete considers rather the thing as done accomplish the whole process of doing it commit as applied to actions is used only for those that are bad whether grave or trivial perpetrate is used chiefly of aggravated crimes or somewhat humorously of blunders a man may commit a sin a trespass or a murder perpetrate an outrage or a felony we finish a garment or a letter complete an edifice of a lifework consummate a bargain or a crime discharge a duty effect a purpose execute a command fulfill a promise perform our daily tasks realize an ideal accomplish a design achieve a victory compare transact transaction antonyms baffle come short defeat destroy fail frustrate ma miscarry mis neglect ruin spoil docile synonyms amenable compliant gentle manageable obedient pliable pliant submissive tame teachable one who is docile is easily taught one who is tractable is easily led one who is pliant is easily bent in any direction compliant represents one as inclined or persuaded to agreement with another's will compare duty antonyms determined dogged firm inflexible intractable obstinate opinionated resolute self-will stubborn willful unyielding doctrine synonyms article of belief faith belief dogma precept principle teaching tenet doctrine primarily signifies that which is taught principle the fundamental basis on which the teaching rests a doctrine is reasoned out may be defended by reasoning a dogma rests on authority as a direct revelation the decisions of the church etc a doctrine or dogma is a statement of some one item of belief a creed is a summary of doctrines or dogmas generally at the present day an offensive signification as of a belief arrogantly asserted tenet is simply that which is held and is applied to a single item of belief it is a neutral word neither approving nor condemning we speak of the doctrines of our own church of the tenets of others a precept relates not to belief but to conduct compare faith law dogmatic synonyms arrogant authoritative dictatorial doctrinal domineering imperious magisterial opinionated overbearing positive self opinionated systematic dogmatic is technically applied in a good sense to that which is formally enunciated by adequate authority doctrinal to that which is stated in the form of doctrine to be taught or defended dogmatic theology also called dogmatics gives definite propositions which it holds to be livid by authority systematic theology considers the same propositions and their logical connection and order as parts of the system a doctrinal statement is less absolute in its claims than a dogmatic treatise it may be more partial than the term systematic would imply outside of theology dogmatic has generally an offensive sense a dogmatic statement is one for which the author does not trouble himself to give a reason either because of the strength of his convictions or because of his contempt for those whom he addresses thus dogmatic is in common use allied with arrogant and kindred words end of section 22 recording by Kate McKenzie section 23 of English synonyms and antonyms this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater English synonyms and antonyms by James Champlin-Fernald doubt to duty doubt, verb synonyms, distrust mistrust, surmise, suspect to doubt is to lack conviction incompleteness of evidence may compel one to doubt or some perverse bias of mind may incline him to distrust may express simply a lack of confidence as I distrust my own judgment or it may be nearly equivalent to suspect as I distrusted that man from the start mistrust and suspect imply that one is almost assured of positive evil one may distrust himself or others he suspects others mistrust is now rarely if ever used of persons but only of motives, intentions, etc distrust is always serious mistrust is often used playfully compare suppose, compare synonyms for doubt, noun antonyms believe, confide in depend on, depend upon rely on, rely upon, trust doubt, noun, synonyms disbelief, distrust hesitancy, hesitation incredulity, indecision irresolution, misgiving perplexity, question scruple, skepticism suspense, suspicion unbelief, uncertainty doubt is a lack of conviction that may refer either to matters of belief or to matters of practice as regards belief, while doubt is lack of conviction disbelief is conviction to the contrary, unbelief refers to a settled state of mind generally accompanied with opposition of heart perplexity is active and painful doubt may be quiescent perplexity presses toward a solution doubt may be content to linger unresolved any improbable statement awakens incredulity in the theological usage unbelief and skepticism have a condemnatory force as implying willful rejection of manifest truth as regards practical matters uncertainty applies to the unknown or undecided doubt implies some negative evidence suspense regards the future and is eager and anxious uncertainty may relate to any period and be quite indifferent misgiving is ordinarily in regard to the outcome of something already done or decided hesitation, indecision and irresolution have reference to something that remains to be decided or done and are due oftener to infirmity of will than to lack of knowledge distrust and suspicion apply especially to the motives, character etc of others and are more decidedly adverse than doubt scruple relates to matters of conscience and duty antonyms, assurance, belief, certainty confidence, conviction, decision, determination persuasion, resolution, resolve draw synonyms allure, attract, drag, entice haul, incline, induce lead, lure, pull, toe, tug one object draws another when it moves it toward itself or in the direction of its own motion by the exertion of adequate force whether slight or powerful to attract is to exert a force that tends to draw though it may produce no actual motion all objects are attracted toward the earth though they may be sustained from falling to drag is to draw against strong resistance as to drag a sled over bare ground or a carriage up a steep hill to pull is to exert a drawing force whether adequate or inadequate as the fish pulls on the line a dentist pulls a tooth to tug is to draw or try to draw a resisting object with a continuous straining motion as to tug at the oar to haul is to drag somewhat slowly a heavy object as to haul a sane to haul logs one vessel toes another in the figurative sense attract is more nearly akin to incline draw to induce we are attracted by one's appearance drawn to his side compare allure array influence antonyms alienate a strange rebuff reject repel repulse see synonyms for drive prepositions to draw water from or out of the well draw the boat through the water to the shore draw air into the lungs draw with cords of love the wagon is drawn by horses along the road across the field over the stones through the woods to the barn dream synonyms daydream fancy fantasy hallucination reverie romance trance vision a dream is strictly a train of thoughts fantasies and images passing through the mind during sleep a vision may occur when one is awake and in clear exercise of the senses and mental powers vision is often applied to something seen by the mind through supernatural agency whether in sleep or wakefulness conceived as more real and authoritative than a dream a trance is an abnormal state which is different from normal sleep or wakefulness a reverie is a purposeless drifting of the mind when awake under the influence of mental images a daydream that which passes before the mind in such condition a fancy is some image presented to the mind often in the fullest exercise of its powers hallucination is the seeming perception of non-existent objects as in insanity or delirium in the figurative sense we speak of dreams of fortune visions of glory with little difference in meaning except that the vision is thought of as fuller and more vivid we speak of trance of delight when emotion almost sweeps one away from the normal exercise of the faculties antonyms, certainty, fact, reality, realization, substance, verity dress, synonyms, apparel, array, attire, clothes, clothing, costume garb, garments, habiliments, habit, raiment, robes, uniform, vestments, vesture clothing denotes the entire covering of the body taken as a whole clothes and garments view it as composed of separate parts clothes, clothing, and garments may be used of inner or outer covering all the other words in the list with possible rare exceptions in the case of raiment refer to the outer garments array, raiment, and vesture are archaic or poetic so too is habit except in technical use to denote a lady's riding dress the word vestments is now rare except in ecclesiastical use apparel and attire are most frequently used of somewhat complete and elegant outer clothing though Shakespeare speaks of poor and mean attire dress may be used specifically for a woman's gown and in that sense may be either rich or shabby but in the general sense it denotes outer clothing which is meant to be elegant, complete, and appropriate to some social or public occasion as full dress, court dress, evening dress, etc. dress has now largely displaced apparel and attire garb denotes the clothing characteristic of some class, profession, or the like as the garb of a priest costume is chiefly used for that which befits an assumed character as a theatrical costume we sometimes speak of a national costume, etc. antonyms, bareness, disarray, dishabil, exposure, nakedness, nudity, undress drive, synonyms, compel, impel, propel, push, repel, repulse, resist, ride, thrust, urge on to drive is to move an object with some force or violence before or away from oneself it is the direct reverse of draw, lead, etc. a man leads a horse by the halter, drives him with whip and rain one may be driven to a thing or from it hence drive is a synonym equally for compel or for repel or repulse repulse is stronger and more conclusive than repel one may be repelled by the very aspect of the person whose favor he seeks but it is not repulsed except by the direct refusal or ignoring of his suit a certain conventional modern usage, especially in England, requires us to say that we drive in a carriage, ride upon a horse though in scripture we read of riding in a chariot two kings, 916, Jeremiah, 1725, etc. good examples of the same usage may be found abundantly in the older English the propriety of a person saying that he is going to drive when he is simply to be conveyed in a carriage where someone else as the coachman does all the driving is exceedingly questionable many good authorities prefer to use ride in the older and broader sense as signifying to be supported and borne along by any means of conveyance compare, banish, compel, influence antonyms, see synonyms for draw prepositions drive to market to despair drive into exile from one's presence out of the city drive by with or under the lash drive by or past beautiful estates along the beach beside the river through the park across the field around the square to the door into the barn out of the sunshine duplicate synonyms copy, counterpart, facsimile imitation, likeness, replica reproduction, transcript a copy is as nearly like the original as the copyist has power to make it a duplicate is exactly like the original a carbon copy of a type written document must be a duplicate we may have an inaccurate copy but never an inaccurate duplicate a facsimile is like the original in appearance a duplicate is the same as the original in substance and effect a facsimile of the declaration of independence is not a duplicate a facsimile of a key might be quite useless a duplicate will open the lock a counterpart exactly corresponds to another object but perhaps without design while a copy is intentional an imitation is always thought of as inferior to the original as an imitation of Milton a replica is a copy of a work of art by the maker of the original in law a copy of an instrument has in itself no authority the signatures as well as other matters may be copied a duplicate is really an original containing the same provisions and signed by the same persons so that it may have in all respects the same force and effect a transcript is an official copy authenticated by the signature of the proper officer and by the seal of the appropriate court while strictly there could be but one duplicate the word is now extended to an indefinite number of exact copies reproduction is chiefly applied to living organisms antonyms, archetype, model, original pattern, prototype duty, synonyms, accountability business, function, obligation office, responsibility right, righteousness etymologically duty is that which is owed or due obligation that to or by which one is bound right that which is correct straight or in the direct line of truth and goodness responsibility that for which one must answer duty and responsibility are thought of as to some person or persons right is impersonal one's duty may be to others or to himself his obligations and responsibilities are to others duty arises from the nature of things obligation and responsibility may be created by circumstances as by one's own promise or by the acceptance of a trust, etc we speak of a parent's duty a debtor's obligation or of a child's duty of obedience and a parent's responsibility for the child's welfare right is that which accords with the moral system of the universe righteousness is right incarnated in action in a more limited sense right may be used of what one may rightly claim and so be the converse of duty it is the creditors right to demand payment and the debtor's duty to pay compare business end of section 23 recording by Nicholas James Bridgewater