 And yeah, you are listening to the talk of Thomas Franke about the pocket guide of climate protection, translating for you our serverless and pharma firma. So let's get to Thomas. Okay, so I will switch to my slides. I hope you see it. So this works quite well. Good evening, everyone. It's nice to be here tonight, but the question arises where exactly is here. So here at the moment is at everyone's living room. My name is Thomas Franke and I'm a researcher for sustainable digitality. I was born in Triberg, a city with a lot of interesting history and this, they have been in 2003, I got to Chemnitz and I studied there about electromobility and resource regulation. So why do people don't have fear? Then I was shortly in England and I got to Uni Lübeck, there, from then I got to RVTH Aachen and I started to start a working group of psychology and yeah, between informatics and design and psychology. We have three main focus, so we say in the end the humans have to have to switch, have to bring it to balance, several resources, internal resources, external resources and so we have things like core sharing, electron mobility, but we have also tools, we would deliver various, so we are mainly asking the very same questions is Simon, that is what is the central challenge for human resource regulation in this digitalized life context or environment and second how can people be supported optimally in this context of activity and if you want a closer overview of what we do in research and publish and do, then you don't have to really, really have to look at Google Scholar, you can just spend some time on our YouTube channel where you can see that is mainly one central formula and that is sustainability is human multiplied by technology. So our research on the energy interface challenge and you can look at the electric car issue, so the kilowatt hours per kilometer statistic has a few gaps and you can then see what is really relevant here or you can look, watch the video on digitalization, technology for people, this is about the young boomer man app or the cat videos and for that last video there is a new paper as well in the technology for the people, maybe the first scientific examination of young boomer man show containing the picture of an altar and there is a short link to that at the bottom here if you're interested in that. Today I would like to talk about a particularly close to my heart and that is climate crafting, how can we make climate protection in every day as easy as possible using digital tools. So how could we achieve that climate crafting, climate protection for the trouser pockets as it were. So the next 20, 30 minutes that is what I would like to deal with. And this talk has a very specific aim because we, the group that deals with that topic would like to get in touch with people that are also interested in this trio of climate protection and technology and humans, so we are interested in impulses. So any ideas that go through your head during this talk please let us know, we can reach us by mail classically, but Twitter is also possible and use the hashtag climate crafting or you can use our discord server as well and this talk as well as the others has a pad that you can use and that can be seen in the far plan in the schedule. So let's begin with the first question, climate protection, how urgent is this actually? Well, it seems clear, right? Car driving electricity from coal, meat consumption, we produce a lot of carbon pollution, is that a problem? Well, for 800,000 years we always had between 170 and 300 parts per million of carbon dioxide in the air. So never more than 300 ppm in the air. In the last 70 years this CO2 level in the air has risen so dramatically, so quickly as it has never done. On the 16th of January it was 413 parts per million and if you see how CO2 moves around in the atmosphere, we can see how we in Europe are carrying a specific responsibility for this and in a very compact way you can see it in this graph, the more CO2 there is in the atmosphere, the warmer it gets. So the six warmest years are actually the last six years and in the state of Schleswig-Holstein in the far north of Germany where I live this is very visible. So most heat records were reached in the last few years and that's just... Yeah, there's like a new, you can always see it from a space as well, there's two pictures from the two different space missions 2014 and 2018, then we have a really huge problem there for agriculture but we are on a good way, a good path, aren't we? There's wind power, there's solar energy, there's LED bulbs. To put this in a figure, oh no, not really. We are still far away from the solution of this problem so we need to continue working on that for the next 10 years. We have to reduce our CO2 emissions radically on the world, on the global scale, on the local scale. We have a huge problem in reducing CO2 and so that means everyone has to change his behavior like in mobility or in food and health and it's just three simple steps because we know we just only need to get an imagination of our own CO2 footprint so we know where we are at currently personally and then we need to set personal goals like a personal CO2 budget and then as a third point we need to take measures to reach our set goals like to reduce our CO2 footprints. So we need an active self-regulation of our personal CO2 footprints by our behavior. Yeah, that looks pretty simple, right, three steps, climate change is done. So why don't we get this running? We need to answer the questions why is climate protection for people so different, so difficult and the important question is how do we people deal with costly commodities? We do it every second. We breathe in, we breathe out, we regulate our CO2 contents in our blood, we move, we use the power from our muscles, we try to improve our fitness, we use fitness trackers, we wait for the bus, we need mobility, we check our messages in between so every second our life is regulated with resource regulating and that doesn't matter if we're talking about time, chocolate or energy, for every resource there's the same psychological principle. We win, we like to win over losing but yeah that's not completely rational, pain and loss counts twice against winning, that's what prospect theory tells us and if somebody doesn't know the prospect theory yet I can really recommend it and I have a video tip that I put a link to on the slide that some students of my studies at the computer science studies at TU Lübeck so take a look at this YouTube link and the link below that as well. Okay so let's continue. The psychological behavior economics helps us to structure our resource regulation and really exciting we can only live forward but understand backwards so we are making decisions based on what we expect and the experience is the long-term outcome of it and might differ a lot so it's hard for us to do resource regulation on our long-term experiences especially at inter-temporal decisions so taking a marshmallow now or two marshmallows in ten minutes like the marshmallow tip it's really hard for humans and it gets really hard if you have to talk about shared commodities it is really really hard for humans to make resource decisions on the collective long-term usage and that shows especially when we are dealing with a shared commodity that's pretty central for our life like protecting our environment we know today yeah that's the tragic outcomes and I think my three children who are 10, 13 and 16 years old today they should have equal access on shared commodities in many years as we have today and then there's a third problem often we don't we do know what's right but we don't have the power to do the right thing so we need other energy resources again and that's the second research line the second question is really important how can we match the energy to change our behavior on the long-term so how can we energize ourselves but still keep an eye on our resources how can we protect the climate on without getting mad about it human energy is a really central fact about sustainable resource regulation okay so what can we learn from the psychological from the resource regulation for the climate protection okay so there's we are quite good at dealing with money and time but not so good with CO2 but why is it that way what do money time and CO2 have in common those are all resources and for all resources there are same laws applying by the social economics so what and where do money time and CO2 differ that's two things education and measurability for many resources we learned quite early in life to measure the value and to do what the economic decisions like suites and time but see you to not so much we have like not as much experience we have not a long life experience and dealing with CO2 we are climate and alphabets the second thing some resources we can measure directly or we have good measurements developed for them for CO2 we we don't have that at least not much so far so we are need easy tracking to for dealing with CO2 measuring CO2 yet now we can say well for time and money we had like many centuries in time to develop tools and we had a long learning process each of us and we still making bad decisions at least sometimes but how should we deal with CO2 in that terms how should we make this learning process in only 10 years or maybe even shortly because we need to like incorporate those changes in our behavior and we ask the questions ourselves as well and yeah as a working group in psychology and computer science we need to involve into that question even deeper than we did so far and together with the EKSH it's like a search center actor in the German federal state we started by going by bike to driving our bike to work and started doing projects from that so let's meet those challenges of education measureability and ask what can be done in terms of psychology and computer science to overcome this climate and alphabets unalphabetism and what could be done to for those central questions for users in the context of individual everyday climate such climate protection how can we answer the questions that people have what can we do what tools can we use how can I motivate myself and other myself and others we would like together with other people and and exchange with similar initiatives contribute to a general climate crafting toolkit so tools and knowledge that all activists and climate protection can use to make climate protection as easy as possible through digitalization and the tools that we can learn from but when we how can we use existing tools and mechanisms for climate protection such as nudging gamification or people with tools that orient it on our needs and make it into a process that is really fun and one aspect of that I would like to work on it's not about manipulating people it's about empowering people in their potential for action so in particular to enlighten people in such a way that they can act in a sovereign way and make decisions enlightened decisions and decisions that are based on an accurate mental model and of the dynamic relationship between the behavior and CO2 emissions and here again we have a further very interesting and central psychological construct and that is mental model a concept that plays a role wherever we as people are dealing with complex systems are faced with complex systems so many of our everyday contexts and again because this is such an interesting construct a video recommendation from our youtube channel a video by students of media computer science on the psychology of the mental model and an entertaining video this is with a lot of mouth noises and we need tools that improve our mental models of the causative relationship between behavior and CO2 emissions and such a tool could be and would be able to order all these facts this is confusing facts and would be a companion that would give us a framework for our mental model a companion app for climate protection for example so interesting question of course now what does this depend on how should this be designed what would be an ideal climate crafting app how would it look like so in our very first study we looked at that question and tried to approach this carefully where we had 250 young participants on average they were 23 years old and most of them were students and we asked these people how the acts in relation to CO2 and we've we noticed that 50 percent of these ask themselves at least once a week what CO2 emissions are caused by the products they buy this of course was not a representative sample it was convenience sampling these people could decide freely whether to take part or not and we see that there are many questions in many areas concerning shopping mobility spare time behavior and almost everyone was interested in their own CO2 footprint and many 87 percent were wishing for an app for tracking but the reality seems different because 74 percent say that they cannot precisely assess or estimate their CO2 footprint and 84 percent use no app in the area of sustainability and if I believe if I remember correctly the app that was mentioned most was Kojak that has some functionality so what would the ideal app look like what are the learnings that we took from the study for one this study showed us the that what that young people have lots of questions that many aspects in a term in area of consumption but also in mobility are relevant and also we learned that there are two functionalities that are relevant firstly it's important that alternative actions are shown in an easily in an easy way and that the functions are all integrated in one place we could say okay that's not much new there but it's important to take note of this and let's take one context for example the mobility related CO2 footprints how could a solution look like how can we reduce or track and reduce our mobility related CO2 footprint that would be a concrete challenge so first climate crafting challenge here and the nice thing of course is that the link between behavior and CO2 in the area of mobility is super simple because if I move and if I don't move don't leave the house then no mobility related CO2 can be created so stay at home of course at the moment is a super short term measure to save on CO2 emissions but as soon as I do leave the house it does depend which transport I use and now it takes the expert knowledge what is the logical footprint per kilometer for different mobility options and that of course the german environmental agency could answer that yes they can so you can find a table this nice table here of the CO2 footprint and we have these different values that is 500 grams per CO2 for a three and a half kilometer distance in a car 272 on the bus 57 on the train and people that are alert probably can see that I have had a first mistake here because this table assumes one and a half people in the car but I was using my car on my own and the train goes without me doesn't it so how can it be that well let's leave at least this detail question aside for the moment and so how could an app look that uses this data and could start this way may I track your mobility and it could look like this and then the question could be which weekly budget do you want to set yourself quite close to a fitness tracker and you could say oh I have recorded this distance of three and a half kilometers how did you cover that by using a car so that was about 600 grams CO2 that's about eight percent the fuel budget and retrospectively I could check my activity my CO2 etc and I could have some weekly challenge next three instance next week 10 percent less CO2 and these are many functionality that we could do in such an app that was only that was an excerpt of the current monster thesis of Kim Falbusch well so the tracker for CO2 could maybe be a good self-regulation to to for CO2 and yeah that already was it for tonight tonight I wanted you to show how exciting it is to combine this topic of digitalization social sociality etc etc and if you are interested in the topic then I have a good news for you the central part of our project is it comes to he's one of the DSG of the GDPR parents and we're going to have a together event with him digital event on the 1st of July 2020 digital event and we want to find digital solutions with all participants to make it as easy as possible and all informations we are going to publish on our website www.climate-crafting.org today in the last couple of minutes I want to do the first step together with you because we are looking for climate crafting challenges so what are your climate crafting challenges what do you mean by that I mean something like problems questions topics things we could address where do you think that should someone think of a solution for that today I thought of the context of mobility I showed you one climate crafting challenge and maybe already showed us kind of solution and how can we track our CO2 related footprint in terms of mobility and maybe even reduce it but there's probably much more questions where people think well we need solutions for that maybe to answer questions we have about climate and our daily night no matter if it's heating or travel or clothing or anything else we are really interested what your difficulties are or difficulties see from your point of view and maybe you have a first idea what kind of solution would be appropriate maybe you want to try out if the solution works or what others think of it because we never know maybe we find a solution for this challenge that we can develop together so we really look forward to your challenges and ideas and as a preparation for that we want to collect challenges and ideas together with you we have two channels for that for the first end that's our discord channel here as a short link at the bottom of the slide and the email address team at climate dash crafting dot org and we really like to get your challenges and just spontaneous ideas you get after this talks we want to collect them and to incorporate them in our project so starting today until 15th of april so really short time but you don't have to think about too long it can be just where we were thoughts just bring them in and yeah thanks a lot for your support that's all of me yeah okay so he's talking to the herald and we are ready for q and a yeah thanks so far thomas i think i'm i think you see myself and we head over to the questions we have plenty of time so we can really take our time here just a moment yeah really the first question why do you expect that the climate crisis can be solved by individual solutions because because our system gives ideas of yeah bad behavior that's a really important point but i don't think it's an exclusive decision it depends on both no matter what kind of things our system proposes on us we have to do with the change it's good if we have external things like co2 taxes or something regularly uh approaches are really important but there's much of things we can do today without having lots of pain in our resource regulation and i think the question is for me at least not about changing behavior but also uh getting to know about our own co2 footprint i don't know who knows about his own co2 footprint or what would be his goal what can i yeah what kind of co2 emission can i produce per day um our goal would be about 2.7 kilograms per day that's really not much uh if you go to the umbed bundesang web pages you can have a look at that so it's a really important point but for me yeah it's like a really important thing but we're taking a look to an additional aspect and i hope that's an answer to your question yeah i he is going to add something in the pad there's the next question that really fits to this topic is the most is the largest climate killer not the industry yeah if you ever look at it we could say oh we as in germany in europe we are not as bad as maybe china or maybe the us or our we as citizens we are not as bad as the industry of course that's yeah there's much to do in that topic and i don't want to give any examples because it's not my main topic but uh i don't know what kind of industry emits what kind of amount of co2 but there's a big portion and that's our daily activity and daily behavior and i think we can take responsibility in that area and yeah why i'm not saying why should i change if others don't change but uh thinking everyone has to change everyone has to contribute and even if our country but contribution feels small we have to say what can i do myself personally what can i change and we have to think about that and uh yeah thinking on how many people living on the planet and it's a good point to start and maybe something that also does for our own well-being i don't have to yeah we shouldn't talk about making accusations to ourselves but but about feeling good because we're doing something and it's really really useful to make an influence and make a change and there's many initiatives maybe decisions on investments or yeah political processes and i think in the end we have to start in all areas at the same time and that area i'm showing is just a small um yes i wanted to insert that as well uh because they produce the things that we buy if we don't buy them they're not going to get produced but that's a complex path there's a question about the methodology as uh so asking students is easy yes we've done that are there concepts how we can reach part of society that are further away from education yes absolutely good question um right first the ambition absolutely is that we should be inclusive not not just various groups in society that are more or less connected to education can be reached but also that uh there are different attitudes towards climate protection and that's it's very important to respect the diversity and include that and and get to an inclusive kind of kind of protection or try to move that forward that's a very important challenge we may that we don't create a certain resistance and and take the people from where they are and uh the question of is what do we focus on and this this diffusion of innovation motto by rogers taking that the people that we reach first are the early innovators or the early adopters and from then slowly we could move on to other areas and that is why the necessity to act is so much more urgent because this diffusion process throughout through the society has to be regarded as well and taken into account but ten years ago about ten years ago I started with this kind of research or to look into the area of e-mobility and we were working with companies such as Wattenfall and others in Berlin in 2008 and 2009 and we ran a field trial uh and tried to equip early adopters with e-cars and and see what problems these people faced and what their reach was and no one could really imagine that electric cars would come about at a well on a wide scale and ten years later now we slowly get to a situation where many more people can imagine uh buying an electric car is the next vehicle and so there is a certain diffusion process but I do admit that we may not have the time to wait for this diffusion process we have to deal with the problem how to reach other areas in society and of course yes we start out easy we start with those where we can uh reach an effect but we cannot ignore the rest either yeah and also the these movements in society don't develop in a linear way there is always a threshold that has to be reached and then things start moving and it gets back and goes back and forth and this crisis that we have maybe this is such a moment that could kick off such a change maybe and that let's get us to the next question in co2 consumptions we consumers have to be able to measure uh what we cause and isn't that a problem that we don't really know or cannot measure because where do I get the information from driving a car is very simple yes let's take a more complex area because there is various very very interesting questions involved um if we have a certain resource that we can feel physically such as heat or cold that is something that I can use I have sensors in my skin for that or the quality of air I can perceive directly and others so there are resources that I can experience directly and other resources such as co2 is so abstract I can't even touch it I have no way of sensorically perceiving it so we are and we have a quite difficult situation and I could talk a lot about that but that would perhaps not be so interesting towards a very con concrete example and that is food because food contains a lot of co2 consumption it's not as it is with the car it's not at the moment that I press down on the pedal that and and accelerates that I actually physically produce co2 from my exhaust pipe but when I buy the milk package that kind of contains the co2 consumption it comes with a backpack of co2 consumption arrives with that in the supermarket and much of this I can actually track there are experts in eco analysis and there are companies and startups that we are in exchange with that deal with exactly this topic how can we balance or summarize the co2 consumption back to the factory gate but what happens after the factory gate is something that I cannot easily print onto a package either because it's not just about a traffic light style of marking on my package concerning sugar but also concerning co2 consumption but at the moment the product leaves the factory gate of course I have the logistics involved as well I have storage and so on and so on so the question what do I all involve in this analysis but it is possible the data exists we can collect the data and another interesting area and again with my long monologue answer another answer the issue of course is digitalization how much co2 is used by one hour of youtube watching if you do some research you can see that really the estimates are very widely so the data isn't that robust on that yet because different computing centers have very different climate footprints and I think we only just beginning this is not my absolute area of expertise but I have been told by experts that the communication links are a complex issue as well I think all that is possible but we have to approach it it's not just possible but it's also super interesting and this is something where we can have very interesting data science and conduct interesting research to find this data in a reliable and tangible way okay that saves me the next question which was about co2 marking of food products I should mention that the pad mentioned that being remote for medication is not such a nice term sorry I apologize I read it out from the pad but the question has to be asked we are privileged we have time and money and we can deal with these issues if you if I look at others that don't get any five minutes to stop and think and and if we ask how do we search solve the climate crisis as you as a as the whole humanity then that is a question yeah else I've stopped for a moment because of course there are points where I don't have any immediate answers either but if you keep thinking and see how many detailed challenges we have then it is true that we for the future that we set ourselves with the Paris climate accord we don't have much time left to turn around and that is a huge challenge and the question shows that there are many many detailed challenges that we have to deal with and of course the question is can I afford climate protection maybe I cannot afford a new electric car and maybe the question anyway is whether the electric car is actually useful because for me it would spend most of its time in the garage and the ecological footprint of the battery would not be compensated by being used it would only be of any value if if I were to use it in a certain way and we're building an infrastructure for physical research on that so to put it short after a long speech I don't have any good answers on that other than that these answers have to be found at the social at the society level and when we look at the thought of sustainability it's always about ecological and economical and social sustainability and to bring these three aspects together yeah it's not easy it's hard to get to an easy concrete answer other than it shows us how large the need for research is I admit it was not an easy question yeah but the next question is we thought about traffic quite a lot and the problem is if everybody drives to work at the same time and has to drive through the yeah to the entire city then all means of transport will will be yeah will be in the traffic jam and in the rest of the 20 hours there is uh yeah they're doing nothing but still use the resources so what's about this chart of Ayatnina can we what can we do could we could optimize this could we yeah the concept of same city for sleeping and working are you yeah are you on this track too I see some points which are in common with our research I see two points so the city planning aspect is not our focus but we have we can observe two two good things so the current home of this trend of course and yeah that's been a while already so this works quite well for our working group and I also believe that we this could have an impact that the acceptance could be could be better maybe travels could be replaced by video conferences that it could do better video conferences in the future and not do as many business travels etc there's another project by google which how to do better video conferencing and we have a for instance mixed reality virtual reality and yeah the question is how could we actually mimic a present a present of somebody who is really there for instance lightly see it's killing quite a lot of the natural interaction I I did some research before but it's it's too long for now if you're interested just write me and another topic of being auditively present how well is my microphone how good are my headphones etc the problem my yeah the problem is that the rooms might be maybe too too different so it doesn't really feel to be in the same room and we still need maybe still better technologies not only better we are and are but maybe also better yeah better audio and another point another aspect is about public traffic from today which is there a better possibility we have a project in lubeck they they did a white table solution for lubeck so for for instance for the people who doing partying in the night to drive them home and we have been yeah this project is being founded by the for shungs ministerium to and the idea is how could we better fill the the times where where the public traffic is is not yet that that full and how can we reach more people to etc maybe for instance i am in wolsterof at the at the moment and the problem is we don't have a bus on the weekend so that's why more people have a car here more people than would be necessary and these are very very important things that that we could still do and that are also also being done already so maybe maybe people also thought about prohibiting working more than thousand people at the at the same place because it's absurd and it does not make that much sense you talked about or if the question is if already my fitness tracker has no chance to motivate me or to make me do my 10 000 steps then so why should yeah i if i do my 10 000 steps then i really have a motivation but uh what's the motivation to yeah to to produce less co2 yeah i'd say fitness trackers didn't do the thing for many people they don't work but for some people they are a good approach for a daily life and together with my co-author christina athik i published two very interesting papers the first one is probably our other direction can i make can i depend on my fitness tracker sub-psychologic effect and the second one is why do people put their fitness trackers away again and we dig it deeper into this motivation and dynamics and it's much about adherence so how can i move someone into this behavior regulation how can i keep them there how can i help somebody stay there in that area of behavior regulation and the first question the question for all people who also always wanted to try to do some sports but didn't do yet then i can send them an interview from last year about the psychologics behind that and in summary many might know the subject of intrinsic motivation you might say i do that because i get a reward for it or maybe i do because it makes fun and in theory there's many steps in between i can move from the extrinsic regulation to the interesting regulation and that's where i won't do something because of punishment or reward but to avoid damage because like it would be really bad if i'd stop jogging again so stop doing the sports again so i can help people to move from extrinsic regulation motivation to intrinsic motivation and maybe give them a ladder to climb and often many of those tracking tools they don't use all of this motivation psychologics knowledge we have today many think about rewards or maybe financial incentives but there's many more powerful motivators that feel less like a manipulation in that kind well so we're coming to an end slowly there's one yeah hard question from the pad i have to find it again in the pad there's i think it's really possible that the topic of climate no the co2 footprint was invented from a british pr company yeah the co2 footprint in the today's yeah debate scientific debate is really spread so i wouldn't think too much about its source because yeah if i say co2 if i hear a co2 footprint for the first time no matter what kind of prejudice i already have then i'd say well it's brings it to a good point because what we need we need metaphors for regulation we need to make it imaginable for people and the yeah footprint i leave while i'm moving through my life that's a really good metaphor to compare this and the interesting question is what is yeah what makes this co2 for the carbon footprint that's like an echo yeah it's a really really interesting part of scientific research and there's like even some standards public standards available so i don't really know what that question really means i'd say some topics some yeah maybe have some kind of prejudice so let's think of them fresh start fresh again i don't see that much prejudice in this for this term yeah i don't think so as well because for the first time i know that british petroleum uh are quite interested to take a new direction and also that's not stupid people they know that we catch them sometimes and they do it as long as possible and at some point it's not possible anymore and then they they need to do something different so they need to have a plan be ready at then already and i don't think that the energy companies are dealing that much with energy footprints so far okay it's 10 to 11 right now and we can yeah say lots of thanks to you it was a really great talk a huge round of virtual applause yeah and it's a marking for cut and thanks also from the translation