 Hello, I am Dr. Sitesh Kumar Kashi, Professor in Civil Engineering, Valshan Institute of Technology, Sulapur. I am presenting a topic, river basins and dams of India. Learning outcomes of this session, at the end of this session, the students will be able to enlist important rivers of India and tell about the water resources potential available in these rivers. The students will be able to list important dams of India and list their silent features. The students will be able to explain the significance of dams and reservoirs in development of India. So this is a 3D map of India. So these are Himalayas, these are the northern plains, this is the Deccan Plateau. Here we find the Vindiparbat as well as Sathpuras, here these are the western guards, these are the eastern guards. And depending upon the geography, depending upon the slope of the continent, you will find that the rivers flow. Now this is a typical watershed. So you will find that in this particular watershed, this is a ridge line. So depending upon the geography which I have shown and the mountains, you will find that India is divided into number of river basins. So this is the Ganga River Basin, this is the Narmada River Basin, this is the Mahanadi River Basin, this is the Godavari River Basin, this is Krishna River Basin, this is Penar River Basin, this is Kaviri River Basin, this is Vagaya River Basin whereas this is Brahmaputra River Basin. So here you will find that large areas of North India are covered by Ganga Basin as well as the Brahmaputra Basin and these two rivers carry tremendous amount of water. Now this particular figure gives us idea about the annual water potential in the billion cubic meter available in different river basins. So the Ganga River Basin has say 25 billion cubic meter of potential, Brahmaputra has 537, Narmada just 45, Godavari 110, Mahanadi 68, Krishna 78, Mahi 11, Barak 48, Penar 6.32, Sabarmati just 3.81, Svarna Rekha 12.37, Tappi 14, Kaviri 21, Indus 73. So there is a large variation from Ganga up to say 525 billion cubic meter to say Sabarmati to just 3 billion cubic meter. So this variation makes us also necessary to transfer the water from one basin to another basin but that is not the purpose of this session but rather to give the idea of the water resources potential with different rivers. This session is there. Now the same figures are shown in graphical form. In Brahmaputra it is 537 but as a small portion of Brahmaputra river comes in India that is why it is just 24 and so on. Now the same figures are given in the tabular form. So name of river basin, average annual potential in the river, estimated utilizable flow excluding groundwater. So ultimately we come to these figures of total average annual potential in Indian rivers is 1869 billion cubic meter and out of that utilizable potential is 690. So from the hydrological point of view these are some figures. Average annual precipitation is 4000 billion cubic meters over India whereas average precipitation during Mansun months from say June to September we receive about 3000 billion cubic meter. It means this is the major part of year about three fourth water we receive from rainfall. So natural runoff comes out to be 1986 billion cubic meter and estimated utilizable surface water resources are 690 billion cubic meter as we discussed. Now contribution of groundwater is equally important. So we can harness about 433 billion cubic meter of water from a groundwater resources. So ultimately the per capita water availability in India comes out to be 1720 cubic meter per year. Now I will just give you the pictorial representation of our different rivers to have the idea about availability of water in the rivers. So river Ganga originates at Gangotri so this is a photograph of Gangotri. This is river Ganga at Haridwar when it comes at the foothills. Now this is river Ganga at Varanasi. Now see the increase in discharge as we comes in downstream part of the river. Now this is river Indus that is called as Sindhu. Now Sindhu waters or Indus waters are divided in India and Pakistan. Now this is river Yamuna. This is river Brahmaputra. Now see the discharge which is passing. See the width of this particular channel in few kilometers say 3 kilometers or even more when it floods are there. So this will give you the idea about the quantum of water which flows through the Brahmaputra. Now this is river Budhavari another big river. This is river Ganga at Patna. This is river Ganga at Patna. Again see the discharge which is passing at Patna. This is river Suvaranarekha. River Suvaranarekha again you see the width of a channel the depth of water and quantum of water flowing through the river Suvaranarekha. This is river Mahanadi in Orissa. This is river Mahanadi in Orissa. This is river Narmada at Omkarishwar. River Narmada at Omkarishwar. This is river Tappi at Surat. River Tappi at Surat. So for every river I have what I expect is that you just have the idea of the discharge passing through the river the width of the river and quantum of water that is available with these rivers. This is your Sabarmati at Ahmedabad. So these works you observe these are the works of the Sabarmati River Front Development Corporation but you see the discharge passing through Sabarmati river. Now this is river Mahanadi. This is river Kaveri. So you will find that the watershed areas or the catchment areas of these southern rivers are small that is why discharge is also limited and water resources potential is also limited. This is river Penar, river Penar. This is river Barak in Assam, river Barak in Assam. These are the major dams of India and these are the silent features of these dams. It will go in the Sagar, Bhakra, Thin, Hirakur, Sardasarovar. The states in which these dams are located. This gives live storage in billion cubic meter. So this is go in the Sagar, Bhakra Dam in Himachal Pradesh and it can have a live storage up to 6.23 BCM. It irrigates 676,000 hectares of agricultural land and 1379 megawatt of electricity can be generated here. This is another picture of Bhakra Dam. The Thin Dam in Punjab, it has live storage of 2.34 BCM. It irrigates 348,000 hectares of agricultural land and hydro power generation of 600 megawatts. This is Hirakur Dam in Orissa with 5.38 as a live storage, 153,000 hectares of irrigation and 307 megawatts of electricity it can generate. This is Sardasarovar Dam in Gujarat with a live storage of 5,076 BCM, irrigation of about 2,120,000 hectares and hydroelectric capacity 1,450 megawatt. This is Zaya Kodi Dam in Maharashtra with live storage of 2.17 BCM and irrigating 227,000 hectares of agricultural land. This is Kona Dam in Maharashtra with a storage of 2.65 BCM. The water of Kona is mainly used for hydro power of 1,020 megawatt. This is Bhima that is Ujini Dam in Maharashtra with capacity of 1.52 billion cubic meters. Irrigation 125,000 hectares and hydroelectricity 12 megawatts. This is Ramaganga Dam in Uttarakhand with 2.20 BCM live storage. Irrigation of 1,897,000 hectares and hydro power capacity 198 megawatt. This is Tehri Dam from Uttarakhand with 2.62 billion cubic meter live storage, 2,351,000 hectares of irrigation and 1,000 megawatt of electricity it can generate. This is Gandhi Sagar Dam from Madhya Pradesh with 6.83 billion cubic meter of live storage. Irrigation capacity of 220,000 hectares and hydroelectricity of 115 megawatt. This is Banshakar Dam from Madhya Pradesh with live storage of 5.17 BCM, irrigation 488,000 hectares and hydroelectricity 425 megawatt. This is Indira Sagar Dam of Madhya Pradesh with live storage the highest in India 9.75 billion cubic meter irrigation 2,380,000 hectares hydroelectricity 1,000 megawatt. This is Sri Shalem Dam from Api and Telangana with a live storage of 8.29 BCM irrigation 2,380,000 hectares hydroelectric capacity 770 megawatt. This is Nagarjun Sagar Dam from Api and Telangana with live storage of 5.11 BCM and irrigation 895,000 hectares and hydroelectricity 810 megawatt. This is Somasila Dam from Andhra Pradesh with live storage of 1.99 billion cubic meter irrigation of 168,000 hectares and no hydroelectricity. This is Eduke Dam from Kerala with live storage of 1.46 BCM. It is not used for irrigation but used for hydropower of 780 megawatt. This is Prakasham Barrage from Andhra Pradesh across Sivakrishna. This is Mathur Dam from Tamil Nadu with a live storage of 2.65 BCM irrigation 122,000 hectares hydroelectricity 360 megawatt. This is Almatti Dam across Krishna from Karnataka with live storage of 2.92 BCM, irrigation 213,000 hectares hydroelectricity 297 megawatt. This is Tungabhadra Dam from Karnataka and this particular table gives you water resources potential of river basins of India. Let us have some questions. Question 1, highest utilizable water in India is carried by Swans River. Answer is Ganga about 250 billion cubic meter. Utilizable surface water resource of India is estimated as these are the options. Answer is 690 billion cubic meter. Third question, the Swans River Dam holds highest live storage water in India. Answer is Indira Sagar 9.25 billion cubic meter. So let us conclude. Average annual water resources potential of India is 1869.3 billion cubic meter. Average annual utilizable surface water potential of India is 690 billion cubic meter. Average annual groundwater availability in India is 452.2 billion cubic meter. South Indian rivers including Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghana carries surplus water than their respective basin requirements whereas South Indian rivers carry less water in comparison with North Indian rivers. So these are the references which are used for this presentation. Special thanks to Balchan Institute of Technology, Sulapur, IDP in Education Technology, IIT Bombay. Thank you.