 concept of availability. In this module, we will discuss the rules for the available names and valid name. We said that if a name all the criteria international code for zoological nomenclature is given, then it is a valid name. We also discussed that article 13a is very important. If article 13a is not followed then it is not called valid name. For example, if a name is published and all the conditions are not satisfied then it is called nomennudam. Especially article 12-16 international code for zoological nomenclature if these articles are not followed then these conditions are not followed then it is called nomennudam and nomennudam does not have any standing in zoological nomenclature. If it is previously given then it is called proper scientific name but because this criteria is not being followed then it is very important that when different authors especially research articles describe when they submit a journal then its editor if international code for zoological nomenclature has complete information complete understanding then then unavailable name cannot be published for this its important that the editors have all the rules and their complete understanding and especially when a specific name is given then the article is completed if it is not then it will not be called valid name similarly after 1930 we saw article 13a is to be followed any name after 1930 then it is important that the specific name we are going to keep its description and its characters should be compared if the description is not given then in that case this name will not be called valid name now here another important thing that if any name is given then it is not a specific name it is a hybrid name because the hybrid are individuals they are not population therefore it is not considered biological tax now this is very important article 1b3 according to this such a name which is given to a hybrid this can be available for homonymy but not for cyanonymy I am repeating this again that if a name is given to a hybrid according to this this name can be useful for homonymy but not useful for cyanonymy along with that when a name is given to a hybrid and later it is known that it was not a species but it is a hybrid now the species it is a hybrid i.e. the parents of this hybrid the parental species the name of the hybrid the parental species none of them can be given to this hybrid I am repeating this again that if a name is given to a hybrid later it is known that this hybrid is not a species it is a mixture of more than one species so the name of this hybrid the two species present in this mixture these parental species cannot be given to a hybrid now let's talk about the meaning of cyanonymy if if a name is given to a hybrid then this phenomenon is called cyanonymy and these names are called cyanonyms i.e. one thing is given to a hybrid now the first name is called senior cyanonyms and the name is called cyanonyms similarly if a name is given to a hybrid then this condition is called homonym similarly the first name is called senior homonym and the next name is called junior homonym now if we talk about cyanonyms cyanonyms we said if for one thing a name is given then we call it cyanonyms there are two types of cyanonyms the first type is objective cyanonyms and the second type is subjective cyanonyms objective cyanonyms means the name that refers to the same thing i.e. in this if objectively we have two names of one thing in this we have one image or one illustration or one specimen we keep it in front so this type of cyanonyms is called objective cyanonyms but if the name is given on different specimens then in this case we call this name subjective cyanonyms for example we call it proghorn for example that proghorn proghorn's first name was antelocarpa antiflexa i.e. it's name is antelocarpa antiflexa whereas the second name was antelocarpa americana now these two names were based on different specimens now from this we can see that in this antelocarpa antiflexa which was named this was basically a specimen which was an unusual specimen and this specimen belonged to antelocarpa americana but in this there were some differences so when an expert saw this he thought that this specimen had the name antelocarpa antiflexa so the objective cyanonym is in the objective cyanonym one thing different names are kept objectively whereas in the subjective cyanonym different specimens are given different names and this can be an unusual change in the specimen