 This paper outlines the process and necessary steps involved in the cross-cultural adaptation of a research instrument. The adaptation process includes investigating conceptual and item equivalents, conducting forward and backward translations, retesting and adjusting the instrument, and finally administering the instrument to a sample population. Failure of the original scale highlights the importance of adapting instruments to current research settings, and emphasizes the need to ensure that concepts within an instrument are equivalent between the original and target language, time and context. Without these steps, any comparisons made between different nations, cultures and times could be misleading. This article was authored by Cappelhorn John R.M., D.S. Inlin, and Claeson Thomas.