 So hi everyone. So originally this was called gas pricing and so we put these up about six months ago and I was to show you a thing on how we're going to price different gas assets. In short, gas assets, we already have how to price them. In short, we basically look at the screen of prices and we say, oh that seems a little low, that seems a little high. We just kind of manually tweak it up and down. So we're trying to make that better. But we don't have that ready yet. So we were focusing on Casper. So I was showing you sort of a list of cool things that we've been working on for the past six months and hopefully we'll have gas pricing for you next time. So I'll kind of show you what we got so far. So really the big change in gas that we want to change is this thing called rent. So there's a big problem. Is this working? Okay, wait. Yeah. So there's a big problem is that so right now in Ethereum storage and in Bitcoin as well, you'll pay once but you get the storage forever. And in short, that's just not sustainable. And so right now in Bitcoin, it's not that big of a deal because the amount of storage they're doing is just so low. The problem is that in Ethereum, people can make extremely storage heavy contracts. So it makes it makes a lot more possible for people just to break this like small economic misalignments make it people can like really exploit them on Ethereum. So in short, we have to be a lot more aggressive about this. But anyway, so the idea behind rent is so when you when you when you put down a big thing of storage, you basically pay per block. And if you and if you eventually run out of money, your contract gets deleted. And yep, I know that kind of sucks. And I know all of you are going to hate it. But you know, what are you going to do? So so so we we do have one other idea that might actually solve it. In Vitalik, we talked about today, I recommend it brand new idea. They're called stateless clients. Do I have it? Oh, well, here, here. So, so, okay, they're called called a stateless clients. It's sort of a sort of a brand new idea. Basically, so based with this, you wouldn't need any rent at all. But the but the size of transactions goes up about 20x. And there's some new DDoS vectors. We don't quite know if this is worth it. Basically, the idea it basically depends on which which one increases more quickly. So bam, so we did some calculations here, bandwidth doubles every three and a half years. As hard drives double a little bit faster, the storage IO doesn't seem to increase much at all, or at least linearly. And so we look at these and we say, oh, well, you know, well, well, it'll be harder to DOS this than it will be to DOS that. And so therefore, so therefore we should we want the big fat stateless transactions. Anyway, if you want to learn all about this, it's these maximally like clients, it's sort of a new idea. We're we're still talking about it. But but in short, you're going to either deal with these these these like clients or to deal with rent. So we're thinking about it. But if you have any any data on on on how storage storage IO increases in time, that would really help because, you know, we want to know like how hard this thing is is is to DOS. All right, so that's the first thing. The second thing is Casper. You wouldn't hear about Casper all friggin day. In short, Casper is great. So here's the great things about Casper. I mean, I know that proof of stake doesn't I mean, people are often a little conflicted about it. No, man, proof of stake is friggin awesome. So the best thing about proof of stake is that that you gain a vastly bigger stick to beat people with. So here's the idea. So in Bitcoin, miners, miners, they behave because they want to get future rewards from the from from the block rewards or and it's more they're a good behavior, the more they can do this. And in proof of stake, it's much more explicit. Like, like, like it gives like, like it gives you like, like, like you can imagine it's like a like they do something naughty, you can like beat them with like a like a million dollar stick, like immediately. And you're just like, you know, and it's like, and you just can't do that in Bitcoin, like, like, you know, so you can imagine sort of a block reward is kind of a carrot, where you can like, you know, make the cow kind of come your way. You're like, Oh, isn't it great? You know, but with proof of stake, you kind of have a ring around its nose and you go, Yeah, you know, you can like really get it to do what you want it to do. So these proof of stake is great. We can also have vastly lower inflation rates. So in proof of work mining, the biggest cost are both your mining rigs and the are your electricity. And in proof of stake, both of those get set to zero. And you're like, Yeah, so now we can make pay you like, like 99% less, you know, and they're gonna put up with it. Because because because because the their costs are just so much lower. So you know, and it's great. So so and this means a lower inflation rate for all of us. And we all love low inflation, low, low inflation rates. The other one is that it's sort of it's sort of it kills mining cartels while they're in the cradle. So in Bitcoin, let's have trouble with mining card with basically the mining pools having different incentives than the dev team. And like we all know about that. One nice thing about this is, is that in proof of stake, there's no sunk cost into the rig. So the problem with them with with the Bitcoin miners that they've already put in like hundreds of thousands of dollars into these rigs. And like they just can't I mean, I mean, they can't just change. Like I mean, they know, really, they are locked in, they are locked in. So they will fight tooth and nail. One nice thing about about proof of stake is that there are no mining rigs. So as a result, you know, you know, if there's some problem, you're not locked in, you can always go somewhere else, you can always go invest in like a mutual fund or something. Anyway, proof of stakes great. So yeah, so this is the most most recent paper by Vitalik and myself. In short, we are like 95% happy with it. So right now it is a hybrid proof of stake and proof of work model. We want to switch to a full proof of stake model. We're not exactly sure how to do that yet. But we have some ideas. And hopefully next year, we'll have one for you. People often ask when is this going to go into the main chain? We don't know yet when it's ready, basically. But regardless, it's getting increasingly ready. And and we're and we're proving proving the theorems about it. I think there's a there's a Casper testnet coming up. I probably don't want to play with it. But in short, this this thing is growing. And and we think it's great. Like we see there's basically no downsides. All right. So social stuff. So this is kind of fun to do doing along the side. Yeah, fun fact, either seems to be more halal than Bitcoin. So so so so while while remote Casper and things like that, I was reading about sort of the the history of financial regulations. Very hot subject I know, like, like riveting. And and also, you know, Islamic finance, a lot of the rules are actually really interesting, if you're just curious. But anyway, so one of the rules they have for their currency is that your currency has to be called intrinsically valuable. And yeah, so they prefer things like like barrels of oil, or like cell phone minutes over say like US dollars. And sometimes you even see Islamic finance companies use cell phone minutes instead of using say USD because because it's intrinsically valuable. Well, you can like consume it. And I say, Oh, well, either is kind of like that, you can use it to power programs. And that's different than Bitcoin. And so I so I showed this to one of my one of my I don't know much about Malaysian finance, but I read a little bit about it. I showed it to my to my Malaysian banking buddy. And he's like, that might actually be true. And I was just like, Wow, really? And so, so yeah, so so we are currently in process, even get either classified 100% Sharia compliance. So you know, if you're in your Sharia society, yeah, yeah, so you can you can do that. If you're just just this kind of amusing. So this is a new Bitcoin currency symbol. So no one really likes the little little little triple little triple triple lines, the Chinese Sun. No one likes that. So I was gonna say, Oh, well, we make so by the way, we have a new logo. Do y'all know about that yet? Oh, sorry, we have a new logo. This is our new logo, basically the same as the old one, but it's it's flatter now. But otherwise same thing. But anyway, so we're gonna propose this as a new new currency symbol for for ether. But unfortunately, this is not yet in Unicode. So we get a little black diamond. So in short, if you want to try a new logo, you can use the black diamond. All right. So here's some other things. So we have a whole bunch of new research projects and we finally wrote down what all of our research does. It's all right there. And this is sort of a call for volunteers. If you're interested in doing work in any of this stuff, there's more details there. You can send me an email about it and we'll see if we hook you up. Yep, we're open source and people can ask where can I contribute? Well, that's where probably the coolest about this is that you get to hang out that you to chat with myself and metallic and other and other kind of smart people and people kind of like that. So we can give you that. All right. So here's some fun things. So I also work on the Ethereum name service and I can so we always so we had the dot eth thing. So in short, what we want to do we want to make these accessible via the via the global DNS hierarchy. So you want to be to type in something like, you know, example dot eth that have it type and be a type it into a browser and have it work. The first problem dot eth is actually owned by Ethiopia. So you can't actually use I know I didn't know that either. But you know, but it is, you know, so we actually considered holding holding DevCon for in Ethiopia, you know, so that we could get this but you know, but there was I mean, it seems to be a non starter. But you know, hey, if you all I mean, I'm down for it if y'all are. So okay, so, so another thing is so so so we we we've pitched to ICANN we just have sent a representative to the big ICANN meeting it was actually yesterday. It was in Abu Dhabi and basically basically they have really strict rules about based on take away taking away domains. So if you get Coca Cola dot eth, Coca Cola wants you to take it away from you. And in short, like if you want to be resolvable via the big by the big DNS name space, you just you just you just got to accept this. Sorry, just the way the world is. And so we were proposing that we could have multiple zones. So we could have like we had the regular dot eth, where it really is like first come first serve. And then we have, you know, like, like, like dot compliant, or whatever where where where we comply with all the regular stuff that like dot com does. And so and but you can you can have different zones. So if you want to have like a regular name, you know, in like in like dot anarchy, you can have that. And if you want to have a name inside a nice place, you get you get visible. One nice thing about this is so so so so so we had a lovely meeting with ICANN. A bit to my surprise, they seem actually actually actually pretty chill with all of us doing this. So they proposed that we get a place in this thing called dot ARPA. You haven't seen dot ARPA before, because there's only like six domains on it in the entire world. But in short, this is this is this is this is the the the internet infrastructure testing ground. So the idea is that you'll be to register, you know, example dot eth dot ARPA, and you'll be to like put stuff on it and have it resolve and go places. Odds are likely that you all will probably do something really terrible there, and then we'll eventually be kicked out. But you know, but like, please try and restrain yourselves. Because I'm in just just restrain yourselves. But the good part is so for example, so basically if we succeed there, then we'll have a case that if we want to get something, you know, like like like like dot Ethereum or something like that, which actually works in the big space. It's much harder for them to tell us no, because before they say, Oh, we can't give this to you because you're going to break the internet. And they say, Oh, we're not going to break the internet because we successfully graduated from your sort of dot ARPA testbed. Yeah, so anyway, so those those are kinds of the the cool things. There will be a few more announcements about E&S from Nick tomorrow at five. Recommend that in short, you'll be registered real domains on Ethereum sooner than you think. So but I can't tell you about it. All right. So so this is something else I made. So so so everyone loves oracles. So I made one using using the using the the Wolfram language. And I want to show that to you and you can ask a lot of cool things about it. So let's just let's just do one. So I was interested in doing prediction marks. We've all used like like Wolfram Alpha. You've probably seen that. This is like Wolfram Alpha on steroids. So I'll show it to you. Can we do can we do the can we can you give me access now? Oh, there I am. Hello. That's me. Okay, so check this out. I guess I'll make this work. All right here. So so what was close to this thing here? So you can do things like like what is the price of gold is the price of gold in September 2016 something like that. Question mark and it will go. So okay, so so you can input in free text input Wolfram language. So here's the real magic here. The real magic here is that is is is that so then what this does this converts a natural language expression to a Wolfram language expression. This Wolfram language is now becomes an object that you can directly query. So what you can do is you can take this little entity thing you can copy it and you can like paste it into here. And you hit the submit button. What? Oh, come on. Wait, that should work, right? Oh, come on. All right. Well, let's just do it on this one. Let's just do when is the next next next Haley's comment. She's gonna do that one. Okay, wait a minute. You're not working. Staff. That should work. All right, let's do this one. Okay, can we factor integer? You should just be to factor in it. All right, well, this is this is this is not going well. All right, let's try it. Let's let's let me try one more. So factor integer 27. Let's do a big one. All right, well, you know, sir is me right for doing for for for doing a demo on stage. Basically, this will basically I'm off stage. I'm gonna make this work in short and it'll probably work within like five minutes. Yeah, I don't I don't know I don't know what the issue is. Well, anyway, here's basically the deal. The dealio here. Let's let's let's go back to the PowerPoint. Can we can we go back? Let me just keep trying this. Is it still working? Yeah, all right. Well, I don't know what the issue is. Okay, nice. Okay, so we supposed to see all right. All right. So so so basically the gist is that that's so so so you can execute so you can get these queries so you input this factor integer and will factor it for you like right there so you can like outsource hard computation so you can do something like you can ask you know you know what was the price so you can say oh like invert this matrix or or or interpolate this polynomial and it will just do it for you so you have a gas intensive computation you can you you can just ask it or you can just ask Wolfram and it will tell it to you and we can also ask we can also do on prediction market things you can ask you know so because the cool is it can we still not get get the PDF. All right, great. All right, so here's kind of the idea what you can do here. All right, so here's the idea so you can type in sort of a natural language query and you get this Wolfram entity object out of it and so and this this is like a piece of code that you can type in and it tells you very precisely what you mean and so so and you can like look this up for anything so the idea is you can say oh you can change this thing like 17 and put it like on the 12th and you say and you can put this and put this into a prediction market for the price of gold and that's that's like basically the idea so and it but it has has an extremely sophisticated was as extremely as a very elaborate grammar so you can say oh you know how many murders creating the United States and it has look oh guess what there's a query for exactly that and it has a query for like all kinds of things right and you can also ask you things like a good Prime Minister of Singapore and stuff like that so I think so oh yeah this is this is this is basically just so basically this gives you away to number one query query outside data and a very generic way and number two gives you idea of outsourcing very high gas computation like inverting matrices or or no number is prime or factoring a prime number or interpolating a polynomial so you can give it data points on a polynomial and you can say oh oh what is a function that fits these and it will just tell it to you alright so so these are so these are the so these are the things that we're interested now if you're interested in helping me out these are things that are great so we're looking for research volunteers where looking for trends on storage and storage IO and you can also use use use the cool black diamond for your ether symbol and if you want to play with with Wolfram language you can do it at a waracle.virtual.gr and that should be working probably within three minutes. Alright, that's all I got.