 Selamat pagi, semua. Seperti itu, saya dari High School NUS. Saya ialah Zing Shen, dan saya berjaya terakhir tahun lalu. Jadi saya berjaya tahun ini. Jadi hari ini, saya akan berjumpa tentang pembinaan saya yang berlaku pada pembinaan projek elektromagnetik, real gun dan core gun. Apa yang saya belajar? Jadi... Pertama-tama, pembinaan projek elektromagnetik. Jadi, yang terbaik yang anda boleh mendengar adalah yang terlalu banyak yang berlaku adalah real gun. Dan yang lain yang berlaku adalah core gun. Jadi, walaupun mereka berlaku pada pembinaan projek elektromagnetik, mereka berlaku pada pembinaan elektromagnetik adalah sangat berbeza. Jadi, perkara ini, pembinaan projek elektromagnetik sangat baik adalah bahawa mereka berlaku lebih cepat. Pembinaan paling cepat adalah currently the US Navy Railgun. It has switched speeds of Mach 7, which is several magnitudes above the fastest chemical propulsion gun that we know. And it is much safer. You do not need any fuel. You do not need gun powder. All you need is electricity and your gun can fire. And lastly, you do not need specialised projectiles or bullets such as the ones that the US Navy is using. Each install can easily cost a few million. Whereas for this, you can essentially shoot any arm of metal as long as it can pass a current through or it can be attracted by magnets. So... Now on to core guns and real guns. So the first kind which you might be more familiar with is the core gun. So as the name suggests, the core gun consists of the gun itself, the bullet and a few coils, usually one or two or more if you want. So during operation, you pass a current through the coils and use the lenses law, the inductors that set out a magnetic field and this attracts the magnetic projectile forwards. So in operation, they actually do this. They switch on the coils in series. So they will switch on the first one, attract the projectile forwards and then switch on the second one immediately after and just propel the projectile forwards. It's a simple theory and it is a very popular gun among electronics enthusiasts. Firstly, it is very easy to build. It is very safe and there are hundreds of YouTube tutorials on how to build a core gun. And the second one is a real gun. It is less common and they work under different principles. So they consist of pair of rails and a projectile sitting in between. And during operation, you pass a current through one rail to the other and this current is passed through during the entire process. And the magnetic field is generated in current things to build sub-art law and so you can see the projectile. There is a current passing through the projectile and this current is moving in a magnetic field. So the projectile then experiences the lenses law which propels the projectile forwards. So all you need is to just pump current through the entire thing and the bullet will propel itself. So real guns are much faster such as if you see the military likes them because they can go up so not fly them above. And they are mechanically very simple. All you need is if they are sometimes called the brute force guns because all you need is to just pump current into them and they will go as fast as you can. And they are very real now due to the US Navy Railgun and the China Navy Railgun. So I think the US Navy one has you haven't heard much about it recently but the Chinese Navy one has been adopted and I think it's operational. So however, why are we not seeing these projectile lunges everywhere despite their obvious benefits? So the main thing is it is extremely inefficient. So the typical chemical propulsion guns they have efficiency of maybe about 40% or so. Railguns the highest one is about 10 to 20%. So this is the main problem and other than the high inefficiency there are other challenges at both guns face. So the first one is a problem as many DIY YouTubers have found out that this is the current profile you need when you are shooting a call gun. So you need two current spikes to propel it forward and the problem comes in deciding when do I generate these current spikes and secondly in generating the high current spikes itself. Whereas for Railgun and this is the main problem that the US Navy is facing so when we pass the current through it it's usually upwards of millions of ampere for the fully functional Railgun and the projectile has to touch the conductive rails in order for the current to move through it. So as you can expect it operates at very high temperatures and when as it goes through the rails start getting damaged and eventually it stops touching the bullet and the whole gun cannot work anymore we have to replace the rails which are usually very expensive and this was the main problem that the US Navy is facing. So other than the damage faced by the rails the second problem is that you need to sustain a high current pulse during the entire time the projectile is moving through the rails. So now I will be talking about how I constructed my Railgun. So why do I do it? Because Railgun is so cool so the first problem we had to solve is a problem with rail damage and so we decided that we would add a gap between the projectile and the rails so we created a gap and then we decided to bridge the gap using a plasma arc as this will allow current to continue passing from the rails through the projectiles to the other rails. So this was my board design as you can see the bullet is inside the Railgun right now and the bullet is actually not contacting the rails at all. And these are the coco rails and this is a Teflon guide more about that later and the whole guide is inside a G-Dem casing for everything strongly. So this was my specialised bullet so unfortunately we had to design our own bullet this time because we had to concentrate the electric view at the side because it is not touching the rails we had to ensure that the gas in-between can actually break down to form the plasma arc and by having this pointed edges it will allow that formation of plasma arc to happen more easily. So this is how it looks like on the top so those are the rails and these are the Teflon guides and you can see the grooves and the glides and the bullet fits perfectly onto the guides and it guides the bullet forward in a straight line. So it was to be a power plasma arc because the edge itself at a very high voltage and we did not want to go with that high voltage so instead we launched the G-Dem gas into the space between the bullet and the rails so a lot of arcing to occur at the world voltages so the gap is about 0.5mm and if you don't need it you'll be able to get a plastic G-Dem so first we have to it shows because after the second problem we had was we had to sasing the high charge and for nature to deform whereas for meter so we formed a solution which is so we imagine this is your G-Dem and firstly you discharge your capacitor and when you want to discharge your capacitor but instead of discharging it directly into the course into the rails sorry you discharge it through an inductor and given the properties of inductor they want to resist changes in current and some of this energy is then converted to magnetic fields and a smaller current is passed up from the inductor instead afterwards when the capacitor has fully discharged the capacitor drops and then the inductor will then convert its magnetic field back into current and so this sustains the current for a longer period of time compared to if we just discharged the capacitor so in order to build our PFN for our specialized gun we had to first we ran multiple circuit simulations in a LTE Spice 4 and then we constructed our own circuit so we used the capacitors and then our inductor constructed about 800 microfarads so we had to coil our inductor and measure the diameter and how many turns we needed and everything so they are about the size of toilet rolls so this is the result of our study so you guys know our simulator even though our simulation work we had to reverse the actual constructed circuit amount of time before we managed to get what it was similar to the simulation so we ran it and we charged the capacitor so 100 volts and then we discharged it and then we used it to measure the current and this was update for 200 microfarads so we decided this was good enough for our program and we were finding results by some of the big projects other than from the people so some of the dust will be charged and some of the dust will fall into one kilo volts with about 200 microfarads and get the current sold on debt and we got the current pass of 100 microfarads per second for the 70 meters per second so it's official that I made and the program was official school research project and had the opportunity to work at the level of 50 years old that's to do a program and provide more time for the program unlike the program which is good if you cannot simply come for how long it's going to take but the program requires to go out of time making other methods other than the program that's actually the main of the program that's coming up with this method a lot more than it did in the program that has some expectations of the program that's the amount that needs to have and that's the amount that needs to be put on the program so I can bring and provide so as much as I do I'm going to do an official research program and I'll see the program to be used and I'll be done so that's the program and then it comes to the second program so that's the program and I'll be done and secondly I'll have the opportunity so I'm not a program that's a program that's going to be used so I have to use a program and I want to set a program and I need 100 people to check and they should find and set how far 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 sebab pula kunci arminal akan meletakkan dengan keras. Jadi ini bergantung untuk aplikasi arminal dan agar kembali dengan keramanya tidak terlalu banyak kervis, jadi ia spark-nya secara terbangkau. Bahkan beberapa kervis terbangkau untuk menguruskannya untuk melihat kervis yang menyelidiki sekitar kurang kervis, tetapi kita akan mel록at untuk meng普at masing-masing supaya kervis akan menyabu ke alam daripada kervis Yang lainnya adalah bahawa di everywhere datang di drill. Banyak yang berlaku adalah di all the wrong ways. Dari bagi peribadi, kita basahkan perbuatan 3 telah dan perbuatan 5 telah di perubahan. Dan kita berhasil untuk mengambil 5 barang al스�at. Jadi, bisa dibilang, tidak sepatutnya jauh tak sepatutnya. Ia tidak berhati-hati. Pressurasi dikakitkan, yang barang-barang, tetapi hal yang paling penting adalah, kita perlu dapat sebuah kegerangan. dan membuat dan mencoba lagi. Dan kita perlu menggantikan lebih banyak keadaan sebelum anda dapat akhirnya membuat kerja. Jadi, ada pengalaman dan untuk masa depan elektromagnetik, jadi walaupun banyak orang fikir gampang-gampang, gampang-gampang, mereka membunuh orang-orang. Mereka sendiri adalah... Well, mereka adalah gampang-gampang. Mereka pertama dan kebanyakan elektromagnetik. Jadi, perkara paling menarik yang anda boleh lakukan sekarang adalah ia boleh membuat kawasan atau kegantikan. Jadi, kita tahu tentang langkah yang menggunakan pakaian yang digunakan. Itu perkara baru. Jika kita memiliki kawasan, kita akan membuat pakaian untuk membuat pakaian untuk menggunakan pakaian yang kegantikan. Sebenarnya, kita boleh miskin mereka ke kawasan dengan kawasan. Dan kedua, ia adalah cara sangat bergantikan untuk menggunakan pakaian bagi itu. Kerana ia adalah kawasan projector. Memang boleh membuat apa-apa. Mereka boleh membuat air. Mereka boleh membuat partikal. So it is currently being studied to use to launch certain kinds of objects to cause fusion and lastly it can allow people to assimilate many different kinds of space phenomena such as solar winds and things like that which we are not able to assimilate in our labs right now because the air modes are so high, we need to launch things at so high speed that is feasible for us but with railguns and quagums we can possibly allow that to happen in the near future so thank you, any questions? Similarly with the submarine group we have both at the downstairs so if you want you can come and see my railgun and quagum Thank you