 In the last class we were discussing about the different types of weather forecast and methodology used and how they are being utilized for the benefit of the farmers. Here I like to raise one question, you may also raise a question on this. Comparing the European countries our forecast is not so accuracy, you may ask a question on that, I can say answer for that. So we are in the equator, here the weather system is always under turbulence but in the case of the European western countries the weather system is very very calm. So whatever forecast they give it would be around 100% in reality. But since our forecast is being developed under equatorial situations the weather system is not at all stable, it collapses, it changes like weather it gets changes. So whatever forecast we try to precisely to be given it may not be 100% accuracy, it may be maximum under now costing it is around 90% accuracy. For today's discussion let me continue on the same topic how to integrate the different weather forecast. Now a question has come, sir we have different types of weather forecast. If it is given under isolated condition will it be useful to the farmers, the question you may ask, the question is very very relevant. It must be integrated for better utility by the farmers of India or any country. So integration means integrating your long range forecast, your medium range forecast, your short range forecast. So that farmers can take form decisions and they can improve their input efficiency, they can increase their profitability and everything. And how it should be done is to be discussed today. Now let me say the integration means you will be knowing what is integration and everything. Integration means integrating long range, your medium range and short range haven't given to the farmers from a single source with a grow adversary in temporal dimensions. Very very important single source and temporal dimension. See we were seeing in the last class now costing is given by IMD, short range for weather forecast is given by IMD. Long range is also given by IMD. Medium range by two organization IMD as well as TNIU. Seasonal climate forecast is given by your TNIU. So if these information are delivered from two source means farmers may not be very interested to implement the agro advisory given by these organization. So we have to integrate only the IMD must undertake the responsibility of giving all forecast information to the farmers and that too in temporal basis. First they give long range forecast. What will be the anticipated seasonal rainfall they will be giving first. Lead time is about 48 days. Then farmers thinks that oh this is the rainfall we are going to get it. Then we have to take some decisions that we will be discussing later. Then after the season has come the IMD will give medium range weather forecast. What will happen three to seven days in the coming days. Then farmers can modify certain form operations and if they give short range within the three to seven days one to two days range. Then farmers retune or refine or retake their decision and taking appropriate form decision to reduce the crop protection trick center forming conditions. That we will be discussing for today. Now forecast types and farmers decision to be taken under integrated forecast. Suppose long range single source your IMD to be nominated. Then when the long range forecast is given in Australia they call it as response forming. So when long range forecast is given 45 days after the season what the farmer can decide. Oh if drought comes he can decide how many acres to be cultivated. In Australia they say that if drought comes means against 10,000 hectares they go for cultivation 1000 hectares only. So they reduce the risk by decreasing the area under cultivation. Then what are the crops to be selected. If it is a flood prune the flood tolerant crops to be selected. If the drought comes drought tolerant crops to be selected. And also technology to be selected according to the forth coming seasonal rainfall. In a way I say crop planning land is planning can be done very effectively by the long range weather forecast. And also you can procure your input according to the selection of the crop according to the selection of your technology based on the long range forecast. 45 days in advance of the season comes this is very very important. Once in the season has come the IMD will give media range forecast. So land preparation went to be done. Season has started the rain may occur. See we have studied earlier in the class that long range forecast has accuracy up to 60%. Media range weather forecast has about 70%. So the farm decision can be taken according to the media range weather forecast. So land preparation, sowing, fertilizer application and plant protection. So whatever decision taken earlier through long range forecast can be modified precisely with the forecast from the media range weather forecast information. Then after that within the 3 to 7 days they will be using the your IMD short range weather forecast. By that harvest when rain comes postpone your harvest. When rain comes postpone your water management or irrigation. When rain comes don't do plant protection like that you can take your decision accordingly. So this is the integration of the weather forecast to be received from the organizations. Now I have put in a figurative priority of communication. Farm decision under integrated weather forecast through single window. Single window means IMD, India meteorological department. So first is long range. Then long range or climate your seasonal forecast, media range and short range. Now long range is given your seasonal crop plan and management decisions. This is very very important. Our farmers are yet to come to take decision like this. But in other countries especially Australia, America in other European countries everywhere once seasonal rainfall is informed people undertake such activities. This is very very important. Thereby you can reduce your risk. You can also increase your input efficiency also. Then second one is media range weather forecast. Farm operation decisions. Already we will be knowing weather sensitive farm operation, weather sensitive crops, weather sensitive stages accordingly the weather forecast information can be used. Then finally short range retuning or remodifying earlier decision taken under media range weather forecast. So you are refining your crop planning or your farm decisions according to the forecast. Thereby you are trying to reduce the crop production risk. So with this I close this class. So all along we were discussing about the weather forecast types and how best it could be utilized for the benefit of the farming community. Thank you very much. We will meet in the next class.