 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls Free College, University of Allahabad. This is my email ID and today I am going to discuss a topic under the main heading of educational technology that is difference between hardware and software approach to educational technology. The lecture will be in bilingual mode and it is a basic conceptual understanding about educational technology. So let's start. First of all, hardware approach. We are going to discuss about the cutting edge of the technical skill and the Comal skill of the technical skill. So as soon as you read educational technology in B.A., B.A., M.A., M.A., M.A. or M.A., M.A. So the main thing is as soon as you tell about educational technology, it tells you that it approaches towards educational technology. So you have to read three approaches. Hardware approach, software approach and system approach. We will talk about system approach later. So here we will know about hardware and software approach and we will know the difference between them. We generally know about hardware approach because all of us have become technosave and all of us know a lot about it. So we know about hardware that we can touch machinery and we know about software that we can't touch. Generally, we understand this difference. But as we are talking about the hardware and software approach in educational technology, so we will have to keep some additional information. So first of all, basic idea behind educational technology. I am sorry. What is the basic idea about Shaqshik technique? Using all available resources, human or non-human in a systematic manner to find a viable solution to educational problems. So how can we sort out the problems of Shaqshik in a systematic way so that we can use all available resources in the same educational technology. NCRT told this in 2006. Now let's talk about hardware approach. What is hardware approach in Shaqshik technique? It is said that hardware approach is based on the application of engineering principles for developing electromechanical equipment for instructional purposes. It means that we have to make some kind of electromechanical equipment to provide some kind of teaching machine that you know about or some kind of particular thing that is made for educational purposes. And we have applied the principle of engineering. So whose application is this? We have made electromechanical equipment from the principle of engineering so that we can give instructions. Okay? Motion pictures, tape recorders, television especially for instruction, teaching machine and computers are called educational hardware. Why? Because the principle of engineering is electromechanical equipment and these instructions are useful. And hardware approach mechanizes the process of teaching so that teachers would be able to deal with more students with less expenditure on educating them. That is, what is your difficult skill? What does it do? It does not make the machine of Shaqshik practice. What can be done? That the teacher can deal with more than more students at once and at least spend his expenditure. Your Shaqshik program is coming on television. You can see the number of students and how much is the expense. Similarly, teaching machine, computer, tape recorder, you can hear it in numerous ways. Motion picture is there. So what are we doing? Shaqshik practice is done by the machine. And what is hardware in education? It is nothing but technology in education. We have developed a technique in education. So to understand this, I have already made a video on the difference between technology in education and technology of education. I will share its link in the description. So you can say that the hardware approach is technology in education. And the software approach is technology of education. So it refers to the mechanization of learning by the use of such electromechanical and technological equipment and materials. So as you know that technology in education is the first step. Here we have brought technology in education. But technology of education is its broader aspect. And this is a lesser aspect. The software approach. What was the software approach there? The principles of engineering. We were making electromechanical equipment and were giving instructions to them. What will we do in the software approach? The software approach uses the principles of psychology. The principles of psychology are used here. For building in the learners a complex repertory of knowledge and modifying their behavior. So we want to modify the behavior of the learner or we want to impart the knowledge and principles of psychology. It originates from behavioral sciences. You will see the work of the skinner mainly. So the program instruction. What does it do? It is based on operant conditioning. What does operant conditioning say? The child has to give you reinforcement. What is the learning from reinforcement? It is strengthened. So the software approach originates from behavioral sciences. And there are applied aspects concerning the psychology of learning. The psychology of learning is the psychology of learning. The psychology of learning provides solid technology for bringing desirable behavioral changes in the pupils and thus serves the cause of education by laying down definite instructional procedures, teaching behavior and behavior modification devices. The psychology of learning provides us with the technology that we can bring desirable behavioral changes and we can definitely follow the instruction procedure and modify the teaching behavior and use the behavior modification devices. So the software approach is based on the work of the skinner. It is done by the skinner and the behaviorist because it originates from behavioral sciences. The software approach is also termed as instructional technology. It is also called instructional technology and it is called teaching technology and it is called behavioral technology. Instructional technology, teaching technology, behavioral technology. The software approach is characterized by task analysis, writing precise objectives, selection of appropriate learning strategies, immediate reinforcement of responses and constant evaluation. That is, it is dealing with the entire teaching learning process so there is everything that we have to do task analysis that is, first we have to visualize what we want. Then whatever we want, then we will choose learning strategies and which learning strategies are the most appropriate for the behavior modification. Then, as soon as the student responds we will give him immediate reinforcement and we will do constant evaluation. Then, the software in education is nothing but the technology of education. The hardware approach was technology in education because the technology of education refers to the application of various principles, processes, techniques in education. It deals with the systematic and effective application of various devices. So, this is Kathore Shilpa Pagam in which we are talking about machine learning. That Komal Shilpa Pagam we will talk about programming, which program will run in that machine. So, the program will run because it is made for instructional purposes so who will follow psychology of learning behavior modification. Now, let's look at the inside. The origin of the hardware approach is in physical sciences and applied in engineering. The origin of the software approach is in behavioral sciences and their applied aspects covering the psychology of learning. How is the hardware approach concerned? Education in utilization of audio-visual aid, material and sophisticated instruments and mass media for helping teachers and learners in their tasks. This is the emphasis on audio-visual material. We have to do machine learning. What are we doing? Try to make use of the production and utilization of software techniques and materials. In terms of what we want to make in learning material, how to follow the teaching learning strategy so that the instruction can be given as we can modify the behavior and other devices for smoothening the task of teaching learning. What is the software approach? It is smoothening the process of teaching learning. What is the hardware approach? It is mechanization. So, what is the main interest of the product-oriented approach? What is the origin of the software approach? What is the origin of the software approach? Process-oriented technique. How can we create a good student here? How can we create a good student? How can we create a good student? Why? When the teaching learning strategy is going on, the psychology of learning will be as per your understanding. What is the hardware approach based on the concept of service meaning? Why? It is services in the field of education. We need to make digitalization in the teaching and computerization. So, this is the concept. What is the software approach? What is the program in that concept? What will we do with the computer? What is the thing that we can tell the students in a better way? So, it helps in the production of software material being used by the hardware application. What is the run in that computer delivering their services to the users? The hardware approach is nothing without the software approach. You have no role of the computer without programming. Examples of the appliances and gadgets being used in hardware technology services can be made in radios, television, tape recorder, video slides. What we will give here is programmed learning material and teaching learning strategies and based on the psychology of learning. Similarly, hardware technology is the services of software technology. There is no meaning of hardware technology for its use and function. It cannot go without the aid of software technology. There is no hardware approach without the help of software technology. What is the software approach? Software technology proves most useful and productive in the case if it is assisted and made into use by hardware applications and gadgets. The program learning material is made without the hardware approach. It also needs a machine to run the program. The machine provides the hardware approach and programming software approaches. You can say that both are completely complementary. The hardware approach has mass appeal and utilization whereas the software approach has no such wide applications and appeal to the masses. How many people know about the program learning material but also about computers? It has resulted in improving the efficiency of educational means and reducing the cost of education. What is the hardware approach? It has increased the efficiency and reduced the cost of education. But the software approach lacks in the task of improving efficiency and reducing the cost of education. It is assisting the hardware in doing so. But then we will say that it lacks the efficiency and increasing the cost of education and reducing the cost of education. The software approach does not work. Basically, the hardware approach is an application of physical sciences for electro-mechanical equipment with which you can give instructions. The software approach is an application of programming that will run in the electrical equipment so that you can increase the efficiency of education and reduce the cost of education. This is not an appeal from your mother. This is something special. But even if we do not know then we do not cover long question on educational technology. We only write two lines on hardware software technology. It is better if we know. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel ExploreEducation. Keep learning. Happy learning to all of you. Done from my side.