 Assalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, good morning, ladies and gentlemen, we are delighted to welcome you to the international webinar celebrating the 15th DS Natalis of Patimura University under the theme honoring the marine environment for preservation and community welfare. Today's conference organized by Faculty of Law University of Patimura in Ambon, Indonesia. This webinar is a hybrid webinar and to give you the best experience, the committee has provided the interpretation option at the bottom of your screen. Please click on Indonesia if you prefer Bahasa than English. Panitya telah menyediakan option interpreter atau penerjemah di bagian bawah screen Anda. Jika Anda lebih ingin menggunakan atau mendengarkan Bahasa Indonesia, silahkan klik bagian Indonesia. Ladies and gentlemen, it is an honor for me to introduce and welcome Patimura University's Vice Rector for Academics, Professor, Doctor, Freddie Lewakabesi MPD, deans and vice deans of faculties in Patimura University, Rector of Institute Agama Islam Negeri Ambon, Rector of Institute Agama Christian Negeri Ambon, Rector of Universitas Kristian Indonesia Ambon, Rector of Universitas Darussalam Ambon, Committee Chairman, Dr. Juan Rico Aesthetahelu Esaimha, US Embassy Jakarta, Voice of America, MNC 3JFM, Universitas Translo Verm, Maluku Province National Research and Innovation Agency, Legal Guru of South Kalimantan, Legal Guru of Sekda Kepulaun Riau, Students and Gases from various universities in Indonesia that have joined us today, University of Jember, Muhammadia Sorong, Wisnu Ardana Malang, Stia Saumlaki, International University Batam, Mataram, Dr. Setomo Surabaya, Politechnik Perikanan Negritual, University of Surabaya-Sibarat, Puntak Surabaya, Heina Mutemo, Muhammadia Gresik, Dharma Persada, Institut Teknologi Aditama Surabaya, Universitas Trisakti, dan SMKN-4 Ambon. The Honorable Invited Speakers from Brand School of Environmental Science and Management University of California, Santa Barbara, Professor Ben Halpern PhD, Director of Blue Park Marine Conservation Institute, Sarah Hamid PhD, Senior Advisor in Science, Policy, and Program Development of Indonesian Conservation for the International, Dr. Vitor Nikyulu, Director of Maritime and Marine Science Center of Excellence Patimura University, Dr. Renat Gino Valentino Limon MSE. Today's moderator, Mrs. Wilma Latuni PhD. We welcome you all the wonderful guests and participants of today's international webinar. Before we start, let us send our praise and gratitude to God Almighty for the blessings so that we are here today on 21 April 2022, which also the date of our Kartini Day. May we always remember the importance of education and always be grateful of the freedom of rights that we have possessed today. Ladies and gentlemen, for a moment, we would like to invite you to stand up for the offline participant and sing the national anthem Indonesia Raya. May all we rise. Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated. Let us now begin our agenda with the welcoming speech that will be delivered by the Vice Rector of Academics of Patimura University, Professor Dr. Freddie Lewakabesi MPD. Mr. Vice Rector, the screen is yours. Thank you, MC. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the International Seminar for Celebrating 59th Anniversary of Patimura University. It is my pleasure to welcome you only to this event. Thank you so much for being here in Iowa. I'd like to create the horrible Vice Rector of Patimura University, Aldean in Patimura University, the Head and Secretary of Patimura University, our today speakers from Bankhappen PhD from Brand School of Informant Science and Management, UC Santa Barbara, Mrs. Sarah Hammet PhD as Director of Blue Park Marine Conservation Institute, Dr. Victor Nikyulu from Conservation Foundation of Chakrawala Indonesia, Dr. Gino Limon MSG as Director of Marine and Marine Science Center of Excellent Patimura University, our moderator is Wilma Latuni PhD, who is a participant today International Seminar. As the Vice Rector for Academy, let me deliver my welcome remarks on this International Seminar event for celebrating the 59th Anniversary of Patimura University. Assalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, Jahtera Shalom, Om Swastiastu, Namo Buddhaya, Salam Kebajikan. First of all, let us express our price and gratitude to God, to God Almighty for this abundance of grace and for us that this happy day can carry out in International Seminar Event for the 19th Anniversary of Patimura University. Ladies and gentlemen, today's seminar theme is to focus on Honoring the Marine Informant for Conservation and Community Welfare with its expression of the campus world in raising public awareness of sustainable marine and environment management. This is important because geographically Maluku province has small Iceland and several large Iceland surrounded by the sea where most of the people live in coastal area and now seeing coastal and marine area to be very vulnerable to various pollution threats about organiting from human domestic activity, marine the beast, industry, fishing, processing, sea transportation and oil spill and other activities. As we know, pollution of the marine informant happen while people directly or indirectly dispose something in the form of soil, liquid or gas into marine habit conduis for effect us as the mate of the sustainable of marine life then and then as human health and troubling the activities as at sea including fishing. The situation will strengthen the ecosystem habitat marine biota and the quality, quality of the coastal informant. The threat of pollution if not handled properly can lead to the widespread and negative impact of human life and biota. Ladies and gentlemen, government policy number 19 of 1919 of the control of marine pollution and destruction regulate its mechanism of reduce marine pollution also the sustainable to national coordination group to deal with marine western. Various effort have been made across sector and parties in prevention control of pollution but they were sector and integrated. Hopefully throughout this seminar smart and excellent recommendation what it means to that pollution control in coastal and marine area in the future will not be done but involve many parties and sector including the expert, partitioner, stakeholder and pollution marker in change or share information data and pollution control afford that will be help in the future. Large but not leads I would like to congratulate you and the implementation of this international seminar. May God guide as the provide the best solution for the various mechanism on marine informant protection for the benefit of our society. That is all from me. Thank you very much for participation in this event. Finally, by saying thank you to Almedic Al-Maktigat I officially open this international webinar. Thank you and I wish you all placement day. Thank you very much. Thank you, Prof. Dr. Freddy Leuakabesie MPD. Ladies and gentlemen please give your best smile because we are going to have photo session. Okay, let's start. 1, 2, 3. Okay. Next. 1, 2, 3. Okay. Next group. 1, 2, 3. Yes. 1, 2, 3. Okay. Ladies and gentlemen, dear participants we have come to the core agenda of our webinar is to hear the presentation from our invited speakers. The invited speakers will be divided into two panel sessions. The first panel session will be delivered by Prof. Ben Halpern PhD and Ms. Sara Hamid PhD. The second panel session will be delivered by Dr. Victor Nic Yulu and Dr. Renat Jinovi Liman MSC. Both panel session will be moderated by Mrs. Wilmalatuny PhD. Allow me to read short biography of Mrs. Wilmalatuny. Mrs. Wilmalatuny's bachelor degree was from industrial engineering study program and she held master of philosophy in data science in the Netherlands while her PhD degree in artificial intelligence from Tilburg University, Netherlands. She had working experience as data analyst in dialige.com Aachen German and subject matter expert in facial recognition in smart region.com In 2018 she was appointed as the head of international office of Patimura University till today. Mrs. Wilmalatuny PhD the time is yours. Thank you master of ceremony. Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Salam sejahtera bagi kita semua. Om swastiastu namo budaya. Salam kebajikan. Greetings to all of you. Good morning and good evening ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the international webinar celebrating 15th anniversary of Patimura University under the team honoring the marine environment conservation and community welfare. First of all my name is Wilmalatuny who will moderate this event. Let me this morning or this evening guide the panel discussion one and two and I will introduce four speakers. We begin with professor Ben Halpern PhD from Brand School of Environmental Science and Management University of California, Santa Barbara Dr. Sarah Hamid Director of Blue Park Marine Conservation Institute Dr. Victor Nikiulu Dr. Victor Nikiulu Indonesia Conservation Foundation International Dr. Renat Gino Limon M.C. Director of Maritime and Marine Science Center of Excellent Patimura University. Before I begin I need to remind that during a presentation the audience can ask questions in the chat box. During writing the question please provide your name of institution and to whom you would like to ask. We will give the audience the opportunity to ask directly according to the availability of the time. We will start with the first presentation by keynote speaker one but I will read the presenter a brief biography beforehand. Professor Ben Halpern PhD from Brand School of Environmental Science and Management University California Santa Barbara after receiving his PhD in Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology UC Santa Barbara he helped a joint postdoctoral fellowship at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis NCEAS and the Smith Fellowship Program sponsored by the Nature Conservancy he was a research associate at NCEAS until 2013 and then appointed professor at the Brand School as part-time chair in marine conservation at Imperial College in London from 2013 to 2018 Dr. Halpern has been the lead scientist for the Ocean Health Index project he also co-find the conservation aquaculture research team and he has also conducted his field expedition in tropical and temperate systems in the Caribbean Red Sea, Mediterranean Solomon Islands, Indonesia Paris, parts of the South Pacific, California and Chile Ben Halpern is currently director of UCSB National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis NCEAS in Santa Barbara Professor Ben Halpern will present material and title recent phase of change cumulative human impacts on the worst ocean Professor Ben Halpern will bring the material for 15 minutes to Professor Halpern Time is yours Thank you very much it is a great honor to be here virtually and to present to you some recent research that speaks to the many ways that human activities can put pressure on the world's oceans and how we can use that information to think about strategic and effective ways for the health of oceans but also the sustainability of the people that depend on those healthy oceans so as I'm sure many of you know if not all of you, there are many ways that human activities put pressure on the oceans and coastal ecosystems from warming oceans that can cause coral bleaching to coastal development that can create erosion oil and gas development that can create risk of pollution to trash and disease outbreaks that can close beaches and many other things including fishing and trash these many different stressors or pressures from our human activities affect the oceans not individually but collectively so each one has its own consequence for the oceans but together these multiple stressors can create accumulative impacts to the oceans where the sum of these pieces can be greater than the whole can be greater than the sum of these pieces and so today I want to present some work where we have taken all of this information and synthesized and mapped it to get a better understanding of where and how much different human activities are impacting the oceans this work began over 15 years ago when we first developed the approach to think about how multiple stressors affect ocean ecosystems we published this in 2008 where we showed that these multiple pressures from 17 or 18 different stressors associated with fishing climate change land-based pollution and ocean uses like commercial shipping and oil and gas exploration we're collectively having a lot of impact on the global ocean and if we change the view of this is that same map but we can see that 41% of the oceans are in these orange and red colors or heavily impacted but we can see a startling result when we first discovered it 15 years ago because people think the oceans are so vast that there's many places that are just untouched and therefore pristine but that's very much not the case in fact a relatively small percent of the ocean is in this blue color and in fact less than 4% of the global oceans and most of it in the polar regions is lightly impacted and we can see two examples of this one close to your home in Indonesia the Torres Strait is an area that is in relatively good condition compared to the rest of the world and similarly the Ross Sea near Antarctica is a large area and the Ross Sea is an area that is also very lightly impacted and so we can use this information to highlight places where our cumulative effect on the oceans is large and where it is small and think about how to use that information to design conservation strategies it gets even more interesting when we start to track the change of this cumulative impact over time and what stressors are driving that change so here we looked at the change 5 years later from that initial study I was just showing and looked for where places are getting worse the yellow, orange and red colors and places where the cumulative pressure has decreased a little bit which are the green and blue areas and again when we change the view you see there's a lot of yellow, orange and red colors because most of the ocean is actually getting worse but there are some places these green and blue areas where it is getting better it's about 13% of the global ocean got a little bit better during that 5 year period and in fact many of those places that appear to be getting better were because of temporary pause in ocean warming that made it look like it was getting better but that has since unfortunately changed and what we can do with this information one of many things is to start to think about how this change can inform strategies for conservation so places that have high cumulative impact and are increasing over time the red areas are potentially places of greatest concern because it's lots of impact and getting worse whereas for example places in blue have low impact and are decreasing and so maybe are places or alternatively we might decide that these are places that we want to make sure do not see any future impact and so we proactively set them aside into conservation so what you do with this information depends on your objectives and your values but it is the kind of information you need to make these strategic decisions about where and how to be most effective and then more recently we decided to really dive deeper into the temporal change to look at the more current impact in 2013 it's not all the way current to today but as current as the data allowed and to look at the change over time annually so this is the most recent snapshot of the cumulative human impact and we can see it changing over time over the 11 year period from 2003 to 2013 and you can see as it gets further along in this 11 year period the ocean gets redder and redder and this is the accumulation of these cumulative pressures getting worse and worse over time over a larger area of the global ocean and again we can look at the rate of change over this time and where it is happening the fastest and so the areas in the dark red are where change over this time period the 11 years is happening the fastest and in blue are the small areas where it's actually getting better and the dark blue is where it's getting better the fastest so you can start to get a sense of where this pace of change might be accelerating where it's maybe stable and a few cases where maybe it's getting better and like I showed you before we can use this information to classify different parts of the ocean into areas over this 11 year period that have low impact and are decreasing the blue or have high impact and are increasing the bright red areas that are low and fast increasing or high and decreasing and you can imagine different strategies for each of these cases for example the small amount of yellow area that has low impact but is fast increasing might be places you want to act quickly to mitigate or remove the additional pressures to keep those areas protected as low impact areas but again this is the kind of information you can use to inform those strategic decisions we use this information to also unpack which stressors are having the biggest effect on which habitat types and you can see here on the top the climate stressors of sea surface temperature or ocean warming ocean acidification and sea level rise the top 3 rows are the ones that have a lot of yellow and red squares which means those stressors are having high impact on many of the habitats and coastal and open ocean ecosystems that's not surprising but understanding the relative differences in those consequences and the overall threat to marine ecosystems from climate change is a key value of the approach we've developed here you can also see that on the right hand side many of the intertidal and near coastal ecosystems like mangroves or sea grass or coral reefs or salt marshes are some of the most heavily impacted ecosystems across climate change, pollution and fishing that have a high impact on these habitats and so you can use this information to think about which habitat types are experiencing the greatest cumulative pressure and the greatest change in that cumulative pressure so on this plot you can see the total cumulative human impact in the most recent year of our data 2013 so as you move further to the right towards 3 that's higher cumulative impact so mangrove is experiencing the highest cumulative impact of any ecosystem and on the y axis it's the trend so higher values on that y axis mean faster increase in those cumulative impacts so coral reefs are experiencing the fastest increase in cumulative impact and any of the habitats in the upper right corner so coral reefs, sea grass, mangroves in particular are particularly threatened because they have high cumulative impact and high increase or trend in that cumulative impact so this helps us start to think about which habitats and then if you map them where we need to be thinking about swift action in order to help maintain sustainability of these habitats I want to show you just a few of the individual pressure layers so that you can see the kinds of information that went into calculating and mapping those cumulative human impacts so on this slide we can see sea surface temperature or warming oceans in the upper left ocean acidification and then commercial shipping where you can clearly see the global shipping routes and tracks that crisscross almost every part of the ocean but are heavily concentrated in the northern hemisphere these pieces tell their own story of how these individual stressors are having impact on different parts of the ocean and ecosystems and species within them and also how you can see the different patterns can lead to that overall cumulative impact that I was showing you before of course fishing is a major source of stress and you can see in the dark blue areas around many parts of the continents in the world where commercial fishing that is demersal or bottom non-destructive and high by catch sorry for the acronyms in the upper left or for example commercial fishing pelagik low by catch in the lower right have different patterns of where they're having the greatest catch and greatest impact on rain ecosystems so these fishing layers tell us a story of how fishing is having an impact and how that will sum up to be influenced the overall cumulative impact I just want to end with a few slides to lead into how this kind of information can be used to inform conservation strategies such as marine protected areas which I know is of great interest and is being used around the world already and a major focus of 30 by 30 efforts to protect 30% of the oceans so marine protected areas are very good for abating certain types of stressors and are not really good for stressors that are unabatable in marine protected areas and what I mean by abatable and unabatable is a marine protected area is designed to reduce or remove fishing in particular from an area but it can also be used to limit or remove shipping through the boundaries of the protected area or development of oil and gas or wind energy or other offshore infrastructure so the stressors associated with these kinds of things that can be mitigated or stopped in other words abatable by marine protected areas and there's others that cannot so a marine protected area cannot stop climate change and the pressures that come from that it cannot stop land based pollution and the pressures that come from that and it cannot really stop invasive species so these are unabatable stressors where marine protected areas can be used to mitigate those pressures but they can be used to build resilience to these pressures and many others so the way that we build resilience through things like marine protected areas or really any conservation action that can reduce cumulative pressures is by removing some of these pressures so if you imagine a place in the ocean that is being impacted by climate change fishing and pollution stressors if we put in a marine protected area we can remove those fishing pressures and the overall cumulative impact is thus reduced and just by doing that of course you are going to remove the pressure from fishing but you're also going to reduce the overall cumulative pressure which builds breathing space or an ability to deal with the other stressors that remain and in doing so this can build resilience to these other stressors that might take longer or require other conservation strategies to help marine conservation thank you for your time I hope this has given some ideas about how we can think about using conservation strategies effectively and strategically to target key stressors to help build resilience for coastal ecosystems and ultimately make a more sustainable and healthy nature and the communities that depend on those coastal ecosystems thank you thank you Prof Halper for this terrific presentation we will meet in Qionization next ladies and gentlemen we will listen to the second presentation by Dr. Sarah Hamid she will provide material with the title effective protection in the sense of the global oceans and insurance policy for life in the sea but before I will read her biography Sarah Hamid PSD from Marine Conservation Institute Sarah earn her PSD in marine ecology with a certificate in conservation management at the University of California Davis where her research focus on population connectivity along and open coast a significant knowledge gap for marine protected area design and management prior to earning her doctoral degree she earn an AB in public policy and an MA in teaching from Brown University she serve on advisory council for Corder Bank National Marine Sanctuary and is a Switzerland environmental fellow CIS Director of Blue Parks and Senior Scientist Glenn Elaine CA Sarah will bring the presentation for 15 minutes 15 minutes to Dr. Hamid Time is yours Thank you I am Sarah Hamid from Marine Conservation Institute and I'm really happy to be talking with you today on Earth Day and I am going to focus on one of the most effective ways we can safeguard the ocean and this oceanic planet Earth that we call home Professor Halperin spoke about the many ways that human activities are threatening ocean ecosystems and ocean wildlife I often summarize these threats by saying that we're putting too much junk in the ocean our garbage, our runoff and our extra carbon we're putting too much life out of the ocean so how do we mitigate these threats and reverse some of the damage done one of the most effective and efficient tools that we have are marine protected areas or MPAs and Professor Halperin mentioned these we know that well managed marine protected areas in them populations rebound and ecosystems thrive for wildlife by buffering or mitigating many of the threats to marine wildlife so an abundance of evidence shows that well managed MPAs work in one study of biological outcomes in many MPAs around the world scientists found that on average of these marine protected areas that they looked at biomass increased by nearly 450% inside marine protected areas density increased by over 150% the size of fish increased by 28% and the number of species present increased by 21% so pretty large conservation benefits to marine protected areas when they're well managed this is going to fly in the face of something that Professor Halperin just said and well managed MPAs can play a role in mitigating climate change by supporting intact ecosystems that store and sequester carbon and avoiding the kinds of activities like bottom trawling that would disturb the sea floor bed and might release more stores of carbon MPAs can also support adaptation to climate change by creating stepping stones for species migrations and by promoting genetic diversity within populations MPAs can support the fisheries that feed communities all around the world fish populations are the ones that rebound most inside of MPAs and the larger and more abundant fish that occur inside an MPA end up moving outside the MPA boundaries into areas where they're fished larvae also travel across MPA boundaries and support populations in fished areas so with all these benefits the international community has been convinced that MPAs are in fact valuable and countries have agreed to increase the amount of MPA coverage around the global ocean so we've seen MPA coverage increase as more and more MPAs are designated and implemented this chart only goes from about 1975 up through 2015 so it doesn't show quite to the present day but you can see that the rate of increase in marine protected area coverage around the global ocean so MPAs we know are great for protecting marine life how much protection do we need in 2016 a group of scientists collected all the studies that tried to answer this question and compared their answers and by and large that we need to protect around 30% of the ocean or more if we want to safeguard life in the sea so once this paper was published scientists and conservationists begin advocating to protect at least 30% of the global ocean in marine protected areas and the international community seems to be coming together around this idea and adopting the target of 30% MPA coverage the draft UN convention on biological diversity post 2020 framework that's a mouthful oops includes the target of protecting 30% of the ocean but in practice marine protected areas vary widely they vary in terms of their size and design the types of regulations they have their management capacity so you can imagine that they have very different outcomes depending on those differences in fact most marine protected areas are not producing the conservation benefits that they promise because they're poorly designed or weekly regulated or they lack management capacity so they don't really help towards that goal of 30% protection in the global ocean in particular we know that marine protected areas need strong regulations for activities like industrial fishing and oil drilling in order to see the conservation benefits like rebounding fish populations so when we try to address this question of how much of the ocean is currently protected the number is a little tricky the official number is that marine protected areas covered just under 8% of the ocean but that includes marine protected areas and marine protected areas that don't have strong enough regulations to produce conservation benefits and since those MPAs with strong regulations are the ones that can produce the conservation benefits the real coverage is less than 3% only those marine protected areas shown in this global map in blue so we have an MPA quality challenge in terms of getting to 30% protection for the global ocean here's a look at what we need to do to expand MPA coverage to achieve 30% this map shows current MPA coverage and this is what 30% coverage would look like so the question is how do we accelerate marine protected area coverage and make sure that it's effective how do we secure those conservation benefits climate change benefits and fisheries benefits that MPAs can produce while the international community is working to set that 30% marine protected area coverage target marine conservation institute has been working on another strategy to support the effort and that's our blue parks initiative the blue parks initiative accelerates the creation of effective MPAs by incentive blue park awards are given to marine protected areas that meet science based standards for conservation effectiveness and they bring international recognition and a sense of pride among communities MPA managers their partners and their governments so with this incentive blue parks aligns government interests with conservation and it addresses that dual challenge of not enough MPAs and not enough effective MPAs to conserve biodiversity in the ocean the annual blue park awards are what we like to call the Oscars of the ocean they're announced and celebrated at significant international meetings around the world this year's will be coming up at the UN ocean conference in Lisbon at the end of June and the blue park award criteria are based on the science of MPA effectiveness so they fall into six categories conservation, design, governance management, regulations and compliance and so we evaluate each nominee for the blue park award each year against the criteria that fall into these six categories and it's a panel of international marine conservation experts and scientists from around the world who ultimately determine whether or not each nominee meets these criteria since launching the blue park awards in 2017 21 MPAs have earned the blue park awards including a blue park in Indonesia Missoul Marine Reserve and two of the four nominees for the 2022 blue park awards are also in Indonesia and that's Keremunjava International Park and the Raja Ampat Islands Marine Conservation Area Network sorry, there are those too on the map and so where we're beginning to put a little more of our effort now in addition to these blue park awards for outstanding marine protected areas that meet science based standards for conservation effectiveness is in working with MPAs that are not quite meeting the blue park standard yet but want to marine protected area planners and community leaders have been reaching out to us for guidance on achieving the blue park status and we're calling our collaborations with them blue sparks so these are the projects that will become the next blue parks and will help build the network of blue parks to safeguard life in the sea hopefully building towards that 30% of the global ocean protected by 2030 and the blue parks initiative is only of marine protected area coverage and quality we need communities and governments around the globe to work collaboratively and quickly to protect marine ecosystems and to safeguard life on this blue planet and so that's where I'm going to end today happy earth day and I look forward to our discussion thank you Dr. Hamid for this valuable presentation dear audience on 22nd of April we will celebrate day so we wish you a happy earth day so next ladies and gentlemen we will enter the question and answer session and I will read out the question that has been in the chat books intersperse with interactivization opportunities we have a question from Pa Victor but I think it has been answered by Prof. Halpern but I read again Hi Ben, I'm Victor Nikiulo C.I. Indonesia I'm just curious on the relation of MPA and climate change mitigation or adaptation my experience in Raja Ampat MPA rives within MPA seems to be resilience for coral bleaching than those outside MPAs can you say something about MPAs function in that regard is there similar experience in other place yes Prof Halpern has been answer the question can you ask your opinion more about this patient yeah happy to so I just wrote in the comment that that's exactly the idea that I was trying to convey with the idea of reducing cumulative impact by reducing fishing pressure builds resilience to things like climate change because you allow the species within the reserve to recover like Sarah slide spoke to with the recovery of biodiversity and the abundance of species within the reserves that increased abundance and diversity creates a more resilient ecosystem that can handle the pressures from things like climate change or land based pollution so it doesn't always work because some things are just too hard to recover from the heat wave is just too strong and you can't avoid coral bleaching or the land based pollution is just too overwhelming that you can't recover from it but in general healthier ecosystems are more resilient and so that's a key strategy for using things like protected areas to help deal with other stressors thank you Prof Halpern and the next question maybe Sarah you have read the question that thank you for making an effective MPAs in challenge for country limited state budget do you have any idea of assessable financial scheme can be provided to finance MPA here in this country Sarah maybe your insight yes can you hear me yes perfect great this is like the million dollar question is how we would say it in English which is funny because it's about finance but this is the question that everyone who works on marine protected areas is constantly asking and trying to answer marine protected areas around the world are notoriously underfunded and have limited capacity not just in Indonesia but everywhere and so how do we finance them and so part of that of course is a political question and having the political will behind you know the desire to conserve biodiversity but there are a lot of ideas about how to come up with sustainable finance for marine protected areas and where to source that money from and many marine protected areas around the world have used tourism dollars whether that's dive tourism or sort of ecotourism to help finance marine protected area management that includes you know paying fees like it for a national park your your entry fee and that sort of thing of course we found over the last couple of years when tourism was squashed by the pandemic around the world that all of a sudden marine protected area budgets that did rely entirely on on tourism dollars their budgets disappeared and so there were sort of stories of incredible hardship around trying to continue the work of managing a marine protected area in the pandemic without tourism so now the question is how do we diversify the budgets and the source of the budgets for marine protected areas one of the big areas of interest right now to answer that question is in blue carbon finance and blue carbon credits and I would say that I am not the expert on figuring out how that may or may not work for sustainable finance in the long term for marine protected areas but it is an area that a lot of us are investigating and trying to figure out blue carbon credits in areas where there may be a carbon credit system of some sort could be used to help finance marine protected areas I will also end by saying I have a few different ideas basically but there is no silver bullet I don't think to answering this question I will say though that within the blue parks program we have had more nominees now from Indonesia than from any other country in the world and so from that standpoint I would say that there is some leadership on marine protected area effectiveness happening in Indonesia Well, thank you Sana for your answer and I think that I will read one question from Ibu Mamesa in Indonesia She asked in Indonesia To what extent the successful of MPA could anticipate the change that has been talked by Proof Band I think this is to Sarah To what extent the successful of MPA could be to anticipate the changes that has been present by Proof Band the changes for the world of the world I'm sorry, I'm not sure I understand Ya So to what extent the successful of marine protected area to anticipate the changes to stand by Proof Band Ya Is the question about how we plan marine protected areas knowing that the global ocean is changing Ya particularly in light of climate change Ya That's another good question and actually Professor Halpern may want to weigh in on this one as well there is a lot of interest in thinking about you know marine protected areas that might not be fixed in space that might move as we understand how ecosystems and populations are moving and changing Ya you read a little bit about my background in graduate school was in thinking about networks of marine protected areas and so the way I think about how marine protected areas can effectively protect ocean ecosystems even in a changing ocean is through networks networks that are designed to have large enough MPAs that are spaced in such a way that they support connected populations and they provide these kinds of stepping stones for migration and also basically build resilient meta populations because they're connected because they're genetically connected so I think if we are able to build out a network of global marine protected areas that do cover 30% of the global ocean that will hopefully also be designing and thinking about this kind of network approach to sizing and spacing that allows us to support and adapt to climate change Thank you and I will move to the interactive sessions there are three participants who would like to ask the question and I give the time to Iqbal Herwata from JKCP Please, bye Iqbal Okay, thank you Prof. Halpern and Dr. Sara for your presentation that's a really good insight and I'm just wondering about the Sara presentation about the NPA Effective Fitness they're saying only 3% on all of total NPA effectively managed and is there any standard to assess the NPA Effective Fitness because in itself we have the criteria and the standard protocol to assess the effectiveness of the NPA so how we compare each country status we don't have protocol indicator to achieve the same status for the assessment Thank you So the question to Sara Yes So this is a really good question and the blue parks evaluation that we do for marine protected areas that are nominated is a very, very in depth evaluation and it's not one that we have had the capacity to apply to many, many marine protected areas around the globe we really focus on those that are nominated each year but there are other frameworks for assessing and supporting marine protected areas globally that are being implemented and actually Marine Conservation Institute my organization also runs the Marine Protection Atlas MPAtlas.org and that is a database of marine protected area information globally that you can sort by country as well and what it does is it takes the official data about marine protected areas that's reported to the world database on protected areas the WDPA which you can find at protectedplanet.net and and then takes that information and dives a little deeper and so right now what they're using is a new framework that was published this past year called the MPA guide which is a framework based on sort of two main attributes the first being what is their stage of establishment has this marine protected area only been proposed has it been officially designated and then is it actually implemented is it being enforced on the water does it have a management plan and capacity behind it so that's one axis what stage is it at and then the second axis that it sorts marine protected areas on is the strength of its regulations and so this part of its evaluation is similar to the evaluation that we do in blue parks and it has marine protected areas into four categories fully protected highly protected lightly protected or minimally protected depending on the impacts of the activities that occur there and which kinds of activities are not allowed there or don't occur there and so that information you can find at mpatlas.org by country unfortunately those we've just started implementing that framework on marine protection atlas and so we don't have all marine protected areas sorted in that way just yet the database in the coming years Well, thank you Sarah and we still have one opportunity to the interactive question and I will invite Pariel Fipetrus Abahari please you can ask your question Thank you for professor Ben Halpern and Sarah Hamid My question is for Dr. Sarah How to invite and organize fishermen to participate in protecting the NPA especially when the NPA where day fishing has become a conservation area because there is a different of interest problem there Thank you Yes, let me ask if I understand the question correctly is the question in the case of wanting to create a new marine protected area how you might start Yeah So I have mostly learned from the history of the marine protected areas that I am familiar with but one of the key takeaways about marine protected areas that work is that communities that care about these places are intimately engaged in designing them and in creating them and implementing them in an ongoing way and so I think the very from the get go the very first step is to be pulling together the community and the stakeholders and folks who who are attached and have any sort of relationship to the area and begin that envisioning process of what it is they want to see what they value about the place and what their hopes and dreams for it are because it's from that vision that you ultimately are able to have the capacity to overcome all the challenges of creating a marine protected area and without the community and communities engagement you're going to have ongoing challenges with management and with compliance if the people who are in the place and use the place don't believe the marine protected area that's created so I think that the integral step is engaging the community and everyone thank you thank you Sarah and I move again to the chat box I have one question from Astuti Nur Vadila I think this is for Prof Halpern what are examples of innovation that can be done in overcoming pollution that's a great question and of course there are many kinds of marine pollution there's nutrient pollution from land based activities like agriculture with fertilizer runoff or chemical pollution from industrial uses in coastal areas there's trash and other marine debris so the strategies really depend on the type of pollution each has its own consequence for coastal marine ecosystems so I would say there are a lot of innovations about ways to reduce fertilizer input on agricultural lands that can help reduce runoff this is sort of a not only a technological innovation but just a practice of how farmers use fertilizers you can restore coastal habitats and create what they call green infrastructure that lets nature filter out nutrients and other pollutants just by the plants salt marshes growing and you can have rules and regulations for example there already exist for the dumping of waste from ships and their ballast water that both can create pollution or invasive species can limit exposure of coastal marine ecosystems to those pollutants and then there's challenges in enforcing that but there are quite a lot of some technological innovations but honestly most of it comes to policy and behavioral shifts that can be incentivized either through markets or policy to have people do better practices that just reduce pressure from pollution on the ecosystems Ben Halpern I'm a student currently majoring in law so my knowledge about this type of thing is very surface level I hope you don't mind you see when you were presenting your data from around 2008 to 2015 there was a data that stated that 13% was getting better and it was due because of a temporary pause could you please elaborate more on that temporary pause does it happen accidentally or is it naturally can we take advantage of it to kickstart our attempt to save the earth that's for Professor Ben Halpern I hope you can answer that first before we miss our Hamid thank you great question climate change obviously has a trajectory overall warming over the last few decades and we see that very clearly but it has different spatial patterns in different parts of the ocean so some places are warming very fast and some places are warming slowly and some places are actually getting a little bit cooler temporarily and so you see this spatial pattern changing over time and that pause was just a case of a 5 or 10 year period where there were places where the oceans small areas that were getting a little bit cooler just because of the way climate change happens on the planet and so now those places unfortunately are mostly gone and they have warmed up and so it's just the natural pattern of how climate change is occurring in our oceans that creates these patterns that we see of fast warming slower warming and occasional cooling down I'm not sure how we could use that to take advantage of that just because it is in general not lasting it's for a short period of time and so maybe there are ways to find those places and act for other kinds of conservation to putting in a protected area where the recovery of the species within that might take 5 or 10 years to fully recover that would allow time for that recovery to happen while climate change is not as strong in those places so that when climate change starts to ramp up in those places you've built up the resilience of the ecosystems and the species in that place that's maybe one way you could take advantage of that but unfortunately it's not a long-lived phenomenon so it's you have a short window of time to do something with it Thank you Prof Halper there is one question in Indonesian language from Fyolita Soplantila and we tried to translate it in English Indonesia is maritime country and most of the cities send economic activities based on the ocean Indonesia ecosystem is rich and the potency of support their economy is high but do those sea catch could make them prosperous I think this question delivered to both of you I start with Prof Halper maybe I think I need to understand the question I'm sorry can you try one more time Indonesia is a maritime country and most of the cities send economic activities based on the ocean Indonesia ecosystem is rich and the potency of support their economy is high but do those sea catch could make them prosperous but does the sea catch make them prosperous I think if I understand the question right is there are a lot of people that are connected to the oceans through their livelihoods and economies and the very rich ocean provides a lot to them and how do we balance that with the need for conservation and protection of coastal oceans is that the question ya ya ya well that's exactly right of course the pressures we put on the ocean come from the fact that we are doing activities that bring us benefit they provide us livelihoods there's a lot of other tourism trade all of these things provide benefit to local people but of course put pressure on the oceans and I think that the balance is to find ways to protect enough of the ocean to make sure that it is sustainable and healthy to continue to provide those benefits into the future so the idea behind 30x30 is that that is maybe the minimum amount of ocean to set aside in a protected status to allow nature to thrive or at least be fully sustainable to ensure that it can be around to provide the food and the tourism and the other benefits that people need from the oceans we've seen too many times around the world that we can love the oceans to death if we put too much pressure on them it will collapse and then we have no more benefits you have no more food you have no more tourism because it is fully degraded and so there is huge incentive to build a sustainable healthy ocean not just for nature but for people too and I think finding that balance is what we see and what Sarah's talk presented and the initiatives there and what so many people around the world are trying to do is let's make sure that we can thrive and thrive so that people can survive and thrive Thank you for Halpern and probably Dr. Hamid would like to add more? I think Professor Halpern had the perfect answer I don't have anything to add I would have said the exact same thing fine thank you and for Mrs. Iskab please hold for a moment How does the government in the US implement the UN law of the sea to overcome human activities that harm sea environmental and how successful it is could Indonesia as maritime country implement the same thing I think this question also to both of you who would like to start to answer or to give your opinion Prof. Ben Halpern please Happy to let Sarah given her background in policy maybe she knows more than I do Oh my background I think I understand the question really about a comparison with how marine protected areas have been implemented in the US is that I guess we don't have the if I'm understanding correctly and if that is the question I would say that the United States track record on marine protected areas is uneven we have some very strong and very successful marine protected areas in the United States and we also have marine protected areas that are very weekly regulated and that allow for a lot of impactful destructive human activities so so we have there I would say that we don't have the perfect model in fact we've just we're working on a report right now but we've written similar reports that show that and this is true of a lot of sort of colonial governments is that they have predominantly protected areas really well in their colonial territories or you know what colonial territories they may still have areas that are you know offshore from their mainland and that is true of the US so the US is best protected largest marine protected areas Papahanaumokua Marine National Monument that's in the Pacific in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands and coming up close behind it the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument our national marine sanctuaries tend to be much that are you know closer to to mainland US tend to be much less well regulated lightly or minimally regulated based on the MPA guide assessments now within states in the US there are you know each state in the US has its own each coastal state in the US has its own state waters within sort of the national waters and so states are able to create their own marine protected areas within their own waters and some states have created quite a number of very strong marine protected areas California is one of those states and so both Dr. Halpern and I sorry Professor Halpern and I are in the state of California which went through a process over the last couple of decades to create a network of 124 marine protected areas along the coast of California not quite getting to 30% of state waters but getting close to 30% of the state waters protected in those marine protected areas and so that's an example of a a really strong example probably the only really really strong example in state waters in the US so I've rambled a little bit I'm sorry I hope that I addressed the question Thank you Dr. Hamid Dear participants I think there are three questions on chat box and one for interactive session so I limit this question for last three question so I will read two question from chat box first from from Junior Lumintang Thanks for the opportunity I have a question for Prokban and Dr. Sarah I need your opinion about Indonesia that join G20 that have a concern to save the environment I believe that this is the big opportunity for Indonesia for giving the contribution my question is what should the Molokan citizens have to do to improve people awareness about how to keep the environment especially for the marine environment who would like to answer first Prokban or Dr. Sarah I'll try definitely a question outside my area of expertise so this is an opinion at best but obviously countries participating at the international level through things like the G20 are a great way to build coalitions that can help implement international policy around setting targets for example of what we want to do around conservation but of course the actual action for the most part happens within a country so what Indonesia can do for Indonesia is primarily within the country so I think the idea of helping improve citizen awareness about the marine environment is exactly the right strategy I think people may not know the extent are changing or are being impacted certainly many do for their own local reef or their own local coast but they may not realize that it's all of Indonesia and so helping raise awareness about the condition of the oceans and the need for action that protects their own resources as well as the national resources of Indonesia is I think really powerful about it helping people learn and understand is really powerful way of building citizen awareness and helping take action and Dr. Hemid you'd like to add more I definitely agree with where Professor Halperin ended up I think that and this goes back to my thinking about how you start a new marine protected area and it's through that kind of community action and community education that that happens Thank you and the last question on the chat box from Iqbal Herwata to Dr. Sara what are the key features or criteria to consider in designing a deep sea MPA to protect migratory or seasonal spacious is there a case study for this which will be adopted in Indonesia and how did this design prove to be effective? That's a great question I think I'd start with the idea that a marine protected area is aims to protect a whole ecosystem and so while there may be a flagship species or a species of conservation concern that galvanizes interest in a marine protected area supporting a particular species is going to necessarily mean protecting its habitat the habitat that it's using there and so it depends on what that habitat looks like it can be helpful to have information data tracking ecological information, biological information and tracking data of those animals of interest of conservation interest to figure out how they're using the habitat what that habitat looks like in terms of designing a marine protected area and an example of that a recent example of that that I can think of is a campaign to protect a swimway that actually requires an international collaboration but a swimway for pelagic species, particularly sharks and rays and turtles between Galapagos Marine Reserve in Ecuador and Kokos Island National Park in Costa Rica and so a group of scientists a group of organizations Migromar has been collecting data on these types of migrations eastern tropical Pacific region of the ocean for years and years and have put forward a proposal and have really gotten a lot of support and recently gotten promises and proposals from the governments of Ecuador and Costa Rica to create marine protected areas that will extend across this swimway and meet at their exclusive economic zones that's still in process but I know that on the Ecuador side the new marine protected area called Armandad Marine Reserve which covers the Ecuadorian side of that swimway was just recently designated earlier this year so that's an example of that happening it does require you know gathering some information about as I said about how that species uses that habitat thank you Dr. Hamid and we are now to the last question from Siska Sopamina she will ask directive please Mrs. Siska thank you so much Mrs. Latumi I appreciate the chance again this time I have a question for Dr. Sarah Hamid I didn't address you as such from previously you see Dr. Hamid I'm a Gen Z I basically live on the internet and I see so many people basically going green they live sustainably and it's amazing it makes me want to help the earth but here's the thing going green is a privilege not everyone can afford going green especially as families in other world countries such as Indonesia so it has me thinking instead of having the people being the ones to start being environmentally friendly CPE ocean why couldn't we start with the companies that keeps on providing us with this plastic waste you see why not fight to change the system that these companies have why not start from changing policies decisions why don't we request for a better regulation and strip the environment enforcement why couldn't we do that that's my question for Dr. Sarah Hamid thank you so much well I think you're right that people who don't have a lot of means are not the ones who are contributing most to our climate change issues pollution issues etc and that change does need to come from corporations it also needs to come from governments regulating corporations I'm not convinced corporations are going to do it on their own but I do think that we can all play a role in trying to make those demands of our governments and the corporations that we do have any engagement with I think those of us who have whatever voice we have we need to use it to leverage those governments and those corporations to do better so that's what I would say in the big picture I do come back to at the end of the day things that we can do as individuals in communities who care about the ocean places that we are connected to and that we depend on we really can start local protections for our local environment by getting together with our communities so I also find for myself a sense of hope and strength in getting together with my community to be involved in local action Thank you, Sarah Well, ladies and gentlemen I think we have reached the time allocated for this panel one and before I end it let us express our gratitude to the keynote speaker Professor Ben Halpern, PhD from Brand School of Environmental Science and Management University of California, Santa Barbara Dr. Sarah Hamid M. Park Marine Conservation Institute For the time and material that is precious to us in this day hopefully the material presented can be a reference for researchers and students related to important issue that exist in the realm of scientific development in the Patimura University as our appreciation for the keynote speaker we present the following certificate I will share the certificate and send the copy to both of you Yes, this certificate is given to Professor Ben Halpern PhD as the speaker in the International Webinar The 15th is Natalis Patimura University Ambon Maluku And the next certificate is given to Sarah Hamid PhD as the speaker in the International Webinar In the 15th this Natalis Patimura University Ambon Maluku Indonesia Thank you so much Once again, thank you and we give a round of applause for the speaker on this panel We wish you both a very nice evening and see you again on another event if you would like to leave the session early Thank you very much And before we move to the second session we are thanking to US Embassy Indonesia who is providing and support us to give two speakers from United States of America and to provide also interpreter for this webinar event Thank you very much to US Embassy There audience, we will move to the second panel session and I would like to invite Dr. Victor Nikyulu and Dr. Renat Gino Limon We will have to presentation in this session and it will be started with presentation by Dr. Victor Nikyulu with the title Using Blue Hollow Approach to admire the sea and prosper the people of Maluku to read his brief biography Dr. Victor Nikyulu was the former Director General of Peace Processing and Marketing of the Indonesia Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries and the Executive Secretary of the National Coordinating Committee of the CTI CFF He initiate the formation of 11 Fisheries Management Area that are now implemented in Indonesia when he was the Director of Research Centre of Captured Fisheries RCCF He received his PhD in Resource Economics from the University of the Philippines in Los Manos, UPLD in 1994 where he was awarded the best PhD dissertation in the School of Economics and Management Dr. Nikyulu has author books on Fisheries Management that are widely used in the Fisheries Schools and Academies in Indonesia Dr. Nikyulu will bring the presentation for 15 minutes To Dr. Nikyulu, time is yours I will ask the admin to help me in presenting my presentation materials Thank you for having me in this prestigious event This presentation was prepared by Mr. Pak Rektor Saptaino, Prof. Saptaino and me and it is entitled Using Blue Hello Bros to Admire the Sea and pursue the prosperity of the people of Maluku so you see that just from the title you will see that there are three keywords one is the how we admire the sea the second one we use the sea or utilize the sea to gain prosperity for the local people and the third one is the blue hello across I will use 15 minutes I will manage 15 minutes to present our presentation Next please Okay the first question is how we admire the sea and I think it is like a foundation or the basis for us we as human being to pay attention have an honor and respect on the sea and you know it comes from the very basic premise that the sea is one of the important creation and sea is our source of life and we human being are mandated to manage the sea especially for us in Maluku sea is extremely important and significant Maluku is bordered by three we call it WPP or Fisheries Management Area and the WPP contributed about 60% of Indonesian cats in terms of value it must hire because most of the piece resulted from waters in Maluku are highly economic important spaces things like tuna, like udang, skipjack or stream are resulted mostly from the waters bordered by Maluku provinces and other things Maluku is one of the nine we call it island provinces or archipelagic provinces and people in Maluku living and be by the sea and sea is basically or engagement with the sea is basically one of the way of life in Maluku right now we have like 300,000 visas or fisherman family out of the close to 2,000 people or population in Maluku well managing or admiring the sea is basically a call for all of us if you read our holy holy bible in the feel centers of the book it says that in the beginning God created the heaven and the earth and spirit of God move on the face of the water so basically the earth at the beginning of the day the earth is overwhelmed by the water and that is basically I mentioned before like foundation or basic premise for human being to respect the sea and if you read Genesis 128 in the various various version of the bible and you will find out that basically we are us, we are called to manage the sea in our current modern language have dominion over the face of the sea that's according to king jen's version, authorized king jen version rule over the face in the sea, an IT version take charge of the face of the sea, CAB and be master of the face in the ocean, it is according to ISF in other words, if you say that you love the sea you respect the sea and that should be follow up by real action you can act without love but you cannot love without action that's very important thing and basically that is the basis so in order to sustain the sea then you should have a real action to protect to preserve to maintain and live together even live together with the sea that's basically the meaning of admiring, honoring, respecting or even glorifying the sea that's if you're talking about how to honor the sea and we still have in mind that action is very very important and our action is basically have a basic premise what we believe what we trust that sea is one of the creation similarly with us, we are also one of the creation next slide please okay, what happened with us right now in Indonesia as a whole but particularly in Maluku can be seen from this slide this slide is basically want to show that we have mismanaged our water we have mismanaged our resources and the data the upper data is 5 years ago in the upper screen is 5 years ago and the lower screen is just recently published by the government by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries so we are here in Maluku as I mentioned before we have 3 fishing ground we call it WPP or Fisheries Management Area Banda, Seram and in each fishing ground we have 9 fisheries so overall we have 27 fisheries in this province or owned by these provinces or should be managed by these provinces and if you should look at the table upper title in 2017 or 5 years ago of the 27 27 fisheries a cure found in this province there are only 4 fisheries which are under exploited about 15 fisheries have been fully exploited and 8 fisheries have been over exploited but if you compare you can compare it with the 2022 data and you can see you can notice in the screen after 5 years there are no fisheries in this region which are under exploited all 27 fisheries in this region have been fully exploited or over exploited that indicates we do not respect the sea we are not honoring the sea as we should as we are mandated to honor and glorifying the sea can be shown by our practices in a way all fisheries in this region this is basically our responsibility but the responsibility can be at the hand of the higher level we are all called to manage our resources but in fact in the last 15 days it's getting worse it's going to be dwindling the condition is worse compared with the previous last 5 years okay next please in other things I think this is like second keywords of our presentation is about the prosperity but in the other side you can call it prosperity but poverty indicator and I try to put some data here in the slide you can see in the screen that there are several data showing the province maluku status compared to the rest of Indonesia and just from the human development index HDI or human development index is the composite index that that embrace education, health and income and you can see that compared to other part of Indonesia or Indonesia after us or human development index is below the national average that indicate our status or our position compared to other provinces or other region in Indonesia and if you are looking at the other indicator like average school life beyond the 15 years maluku in Indonesia the unmet need of health services meaning that health services that cannot be proceed cannot be attain and then if you look at the poverty incidence or poverty index if you look at the special index on stunting management and lastly if you look at the illiteracy rate and you will come up with the conclusion that maluku if not in the middle it will be in the bottom of the list in terms of prosperity or in other word you say in terms of poverty we are still in the lower condition compared to other part of Indonesia next slide please so given that we have a problem in managing our histories looking from the fact that in the last 5 years our resource status is even worse and the fact that these province people of these province or population of the province in the condition where slightly lower than other part of Indonesia then given that government have implemented programs, project to histories at the national level but more particularly in this region then we are coming up with this idea you know my organization conservation Indonesia is working with the central government institution agency and we try to and even with the University of Patimura and we try to introduce like an integrated management approach where MPA the MPA topic are covered by Sarah and Ben in the morning session where MPA or protected area are all togetherly managed with with a fish stock commercial fish stock in a way that MPA condition is good is getting better but at the same time is well managed and as a result the prosperity or the income that can be derived by fishermen can be guaranteed basically that's the integrated approach that we call blue hollow and blue hollow in other part of the world and we are trying to modify blue hollow and introduce it here in Indonesia that will be started in fishing ground or fisheries management area bothering maluku provinces next please so next slide please now this is like a thematic presentation of the blue hollow we have like two cycle two cycles in the blue hollow the biological cycles and the economic cycles and how those two cycles are joined together are merged in a way that management can be improved and fish still be there in the sea and the fish can be used utilized by the people especially the local people and as a result livelihood of the people can be improved basically this slide summarize which is a science based approach starting with the science component and the follow up by implementation policy component and lastly a social economic component next please so we are trying we are working with the central government right now to introduce blue hollow in the waters and it is border by maluku provinces and it is in Bandashi we call it 714 in the Arapura sea call 718 and in the Seram sea call 715 so overall the area cover like almost 100 million hectare and out of the 100 million hectare we have 13.7 in the morning presented by Sarah and Ben Harpen so this is basically good idea Sarah mentioned about 30% of the area should be protected but what we have here in this province is more than it's like 14% it's not yet 30% but it is the highest percentage of MPA in the country maluku in provinces bordering those 3 MPA or waters are basically higher in the percentage there are more MPA marine protected area found in this area compared to the other part of the country so we are starting with this idea how the blue hollow can be applied in these provinces in this region that will cover huge area of fisheries I mentioned before it will come up like 60% of the total fisheries stock owned by this country Next please I mentioned before about the blue hollow objective so it is basically biological biological connectivity but it is also social connectivity and ending up with the economic of reaching objective of this project basically as to establish creative and sustainable financing mechanism in a way that fish resources and conservation area can be all togetherly managed in sustainable sustainable manner to come up with the positive result and we have like a specific objective 1, 2, 3, 7s objective over here objective under the biological component that is under social component MPA if you look at the screen and you will see that MPA is one of the objective finance and build capacity to improve marine protected area or management and new MPA development so creating new MPA also is one of the objective synergize MPA in the fishing practices stimulate local employment and livelihood and lastly deliver reasonable return for equity bone holder to blended finance basically that's the specific objective but the main objective or overarching of the ultimate objective is to create a sustainability biologically financially and economically next please blue hollow component there are 4 items consider as blue hollow component science, policy, capacity building so we are working on science and even tomorrow University of Patimura Surupai team will be launch Surupai in order to understand the connectivity between of the blue hollow that's between fishing ground or commercial fish stock and the MPA and we started it tomorrow as Surupai for about a month in 714 area Bandasi and 715 area Seramchi so we have science component we have bioeconomic modeling component and the bioeconomic modeling component is basically is undertaken will be undertaken by University of Santa Barbara UCSB the place where Professor Ben Harpen is walking right now so we will we will have bioeconomic modeling and hopefully within 1-2 years will come up with the result that will be guiding the management process of the fisheries in this country especially in this region and the correlation of the blue carbon I think Sarah also mentioned about the blue carbon we also will have a science component and that aspect and we have a policy aspect policy subnational provincial government level policy even residential or district or kabupaten level policy but at the same time we will work on the policy in a way that traditional and customary practice will be will be strengthened will be promoted that basically a policy not only dealing with formal regulation but also traditional regulation like what we have in Maluku and you know other provinces close to Maluku like Papua and Isnusa Tenggara and the third component is capacity building there will be component of training and education very soon we are here in the University of Patimura will design we call it blue halo 101 it's basically a basic course of blue halo that we will try to introduce or we will try to develop here in University of Patimura and hopefully later the blue halo 101 can be adopted as part of the curriculum here in the university so there is a training and education component improving capacity training on government official to increase or improve their capacity in the management and of course very important aspect that will be deal with the gender inclusive and culturally responsive capacity building so there is also training on the women and girls in a way that they have improved capacity to manage the fisheries but at the same time to develop post harvest marketing related activity fisheries related activity the last component of the blue halo is sustainable financing or sustainable livelihood so we will work in a way that sustainable financing will be en-plus, we will design we will design like financing mechanism using the current across innovative across working with inclusive, not inclusive but exclusively with many many agents and many people to develop sustainable financing and of course we hope that by capacity development at the local level sustainable livelihood can also be in place, that basically four component of the blue halo next slide please and expected impact so if you look at the screen there is a at the right hand side it's basically the impact that we have try to estimate that the impact will come up with biological value it will impact in terms of ecological or biological impact and the impact the impact on the aspect of dollar or rupiah and the impact, social impact especially in the aspect of you know million of people or number of people involved in this process so we hope that will be more sustainable marine fisheries stock we hope that what we have experience in the last 5 years can be improved the things about the fisheries stock that I presented before in the table we hope that can be improved by having implementing blue halo concept we hope also we have estimated there are about 250 trillion rupiah per year that can be derived from this project and of course it is a big pie and the pie should be divided to different sector, different people and of course including also the small scale fishermen small scale fishing community in this region and lastly about the number of people involved we hope that 1.5 million million new fishing sector and tourism job can be created by applying this okay, ladies and gentlemen that's basically the end of my presentation of my slide I just want to conclude that given that we are facing problem right now problem of resource management and problem of poverty it seems that we are at the limit of how to improve people well-being and have a healthy fish stock so we are offering an integrated management approach called blue halo by which biological and economic aspect are integrated we hope that by the approach we could regain a better manage fisheries resources and could provide better social economic condition for the people in Maluku thank you so much and thank you for this terrific presentation we then move to the second speaker on this panel session Dr. Renat Gino Limon he will bring the talk title monetizing marine biodiversity for the welfare of coastal community but before I will read his short bio Dr. Renat Gino Feil Limon from Patimuna University he achieve his bachelor's in biology from Hassanudin University in Indonesia before continuing his master's in marine biology geology at McMaster University Canada he completed his PhD in molecular biology from the Friedrich Sealer University Hans Knull Institute in Germany he has over 15 years of experience in molecular biology and is an expert in marine biotechnology Dr. Limon was working as a Visiting Fellow at National Institute of Environmental Science NIH, USA then he was invited to work in Singapore as a Senior Research Scientist for the Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Smart today Dr. Limon has been appointed as Chairman of Marine Research Center of Excellence University Dr. Renat Gino Limon will bring his presentation for 15 minutes to Dr. Limon, I miss yours Thank you very much allow me to share the slide can everybody see the slide okay, thank you very much good afternoon ladies and gentlemen previous speakers talked about how we have to conserve our marine environment I will then talk how can we utilize our marine resources but in sustainable way the title is Monetizing Marine Biodiversity for the Welfare of Coastal Communities in Maluku it will be changed because I adding Maluku in it so basically how can we use biodiversity or we utilize biodiversity to increase the welfare of Maluku people to increase the economy and release this province from poverty poverty so historically many scientists of naturalist have visit Maluku due to spices or due to the biodiversity in Maluku for example Rumpius come in 16th century as a part of Dutch company and he collect and describe many many plants and marine organism the collection of his writing was published later the title is the Herbarium Ambunense and it consist of 6 volume 5 volume is a description of plant and one volume description of marine organism another famous scientist or naturalist that come to Maluku is Alfred Russel Wallace who came in 18th century and stay for a while in Ternate Alfred Russel Wallace have been all around the world but when he came to Ambun he wrote that he never saw coral reef as healthy and as beautiful as coral reef in Ambun bay we can only speculate that Ambun harbour must be in Ambun bay too bad nowadays we see that coral reef in Ambun bay has degraded so much and almost all destroyed however several years ago 6 countries initiate so called coral reef triangle coral reef triangle initiative based on the consideration that we need to protect this area which is very high by the diversity some of the country have part of the country included in the coral reef triangle but in Indonesia have you seen as you seen in this map almost the whole country was included in coral reef triangle and this area have a very high biodiversity and if you look very carefully Maluku located in the heart of coral reef triangle the proof of the high diversity can be seen in this heat map this is shown the species of coral coral reef triangle the heat map show that the darker the color is the more species we have as you seen here is the area where the highest species of coral and again Maluku is in the middle of it Indonesia in the middle of it and Maluku is in the heart of it another proof is the species diversity of fish species in coral reef triangle we can see the coral fish species in Indonesia is very high and again Maluku is in the heart of this mega biodiversity so to whom is not really familiar with Maluku area the green area here is the Maluku province there are 1,340 islands and the whole area is 92% consist of ocean and only 7.6% consist of land if you connect the shoreline of this small island it become around 10,000 km which is around 13% of the whole Indonesia shoreline it's a huge shoreline or very long shoreline we have 2 very famous sea Banda sea which is one of the deepest sea in the world 7.5 km at the deepest and interestingly it located in the territory of Maluku province we have also another famous sea Arafura sea which famous for its fisheries potential Prof. Victor has mentioned with fisheries potential around 4.66 million ton per year we support around 30% to 60% of all Indonesian fisheries production now not only coral reef are the important ecosystem in the ocean we have 3 important ecosystem in the ocean coral reef, mangrove and the sea grass and Maluku have all of them and we have quite big coral reef and mangrove ecosystem which is around 1.3 km2 and sea grass around 393 km2 these ecosystems support hundreds of thousands of species which make Maluku become center of mega biodiversity now i have to remind everyone that biodiversity has important economic value first for food resources we have different kind of fish and shrimp and everything and it's also important for industry for tourism and the last one it also very important for biomedical research this is the coral reef are home to thousands of species they may be developed in pharmaceuticals to maintain human health and cure disease so just a second we have a technical problem i will continue so the last economic value of biodiversity which is our treasure that hasn't been explored or utilized is biomedical or pharmaceutical potential where we can harvest bioactive compounds that can be used in pharmaceutical of other industries we can do this by a process so called bioprospecting so what is bioprospecting? bioprospecting theoretically known as biodiversity prospecting is the exploration of biological material commercially valuable genetics and biochemical properties in simple term this means that investigation of living things to see how they can be commercially useful for humans so we can screen all this hundreds of thousands species that we have to find bioactive compound that can be used in industry either pharmaceutical or other industries this potential has very big economical value that if we develop can reduce the pressure to the fisheries or other pressure to the ocean beside the fish we also have other species or marine organism that potentially can be harvest as a the source of medical like sponges and subterals we have also nudibrands and other organism that can be used for such purposes now the problem with developing bioprospecting is we have first know what we have this is what we lack we don't even have the database of the biodiversity in Maluku Indonesia how many species we have and how many we lose every year this is why we need comprehensive and very intense collaboration in research to start building database on marine biodiversity now examples of bioprospecting that has been famously known for example I know everybody must have heard about PCR since Covid everybody has undergo PCR for your information the enzyme used in PCR reaction is the enzyme that extracted from bacteria that found in hot spring so the enzyme from this bacteria can hold or withstand a very high degree of temperature we, our enzyme can only withstand temperature up to 37 degree but in the PCR process we need temperature up to 95 degree and only the enzyme from specific organism so called extremophiles like organism from hot springs can be used as enzyme to be used in the this process that need a very high temperature there's another there's many many example about this and this is what we need to extract from our ocean this is the estimation of pharmaceutical value that has been extracted from the sea and has been commercialized so far I will not read one by one but you can see that in average every single substance or compound that become drug will have value of billions of dollar it's not rupees but dollar so if the fisheries have value of billion of dollars then pharmaceutical potential of marine organism is probably the same or more we need to really focus on this so it is estimated that we can still find up to 500 to 600 thousand bioactive product with estimated value from 500 to 5 trillion US dollar this is really really high and we have more potential if we have more diversity we have more chance to get bioactive compound from our high biodiversity so now we have problem first we don't know what we have because we lack of taxonomies we lack of bioinformatics we lack of molecular biologist biochemist, human resources and we lack of investment which resulted in lack of facilities to develop this and the last one there is unclear regulation how can we develop this there is a I think there is a protocol Nagoya protocol that said if we commercialize any natural resources we have to give back some proportion back to the community back to the ecosystem but it is really unclear in Indonesia how this implemented and I think there is no rule about this yet or no law about this yet another problem is the time from the screening up to commercialize or up to the time we can distribute all the medicine to the world it takes about 15 years so 6.5 years for screening and around 7 years for clinical trials 1.5 years for FDA review and then we can release it and sell it to the whole world so to shorten this time Patimura University have been working together with Karolinska Institute to develop some innovation where we hope we can reduce the time of screening from 6.5 years to around 2 years we cannot really push to shorten the clinical trial time or the time FDA use to review but we can surely shorten the time for the screening so basically we try to make an innovation that can shorten the time to produce the drug that we can we can use for human welfare so as I mentioned before all this effort will need collaboration from all stakeholders nowadays Patimura University have several ongoing collaboration with our difference especially for DNA bar coding for fish and Kagoshima University for marine biodiversity Lis and Essex University for EDNA Karolinska Institute for Biospecting Haua University for History Biology and Sutton Cross University for coral reef and marine debris we also have collaboration with several national university like Brin, Unhas, UGM and others and we hope that other university and institution internationally and also to utilize the biodiversity in sustainable way for the welfare of human being so some of opportunities for research collaboration that I can think of is the first to build the database for marine organism in Maluku because we really don't have it and we lack of taxonomist so probably DNA bar coding is the way to do that so we need to do this to provide reference for the next level technology so called next generation sequencing or environmental DNA that we can use to monitoring to monitor the biodiversity in our region so we also need a collaboration from all stakeholders in marine biodiversity conservation and also for screening for potential bioactive compound and finally if possible we have to be able to do the bench to bed drug discovery which is we comprehensively made project from bench to bedside from screening to process it until we can deliver it as a drug to cure human being I think that's all from me thank you very much and good afternoon Thank you Dr. Limon for valuable presentation we now have 20 minutes for question and answer session I try to read the question on the chat book there is one question Cilun Daki Daki Man Thank you for your great presentation Pak Dikot I have question regarding on your presentation what is the possible effective way will be taken by NGOs or government to bridging the gap between science and society particularly in Maluku Thank you this is a very good question thank you Cilun for asking this question I think in addition to bridging the gap the things that we should do also is narrowing the gap so how to not only bridging the gap but narrowing the gap and the last thing is the filling up the gap normally when you're facing or encountering problem where there's gaps between dollars and what you should do is not necessarily bridging the gap bridging the gap is okay but filling up the gap and narrowing the gap is the things that we can do to reconcile those two problems or those two points and in terms of NGO how NGO can participate in narrowing the gap scientific gap between science and society I think NGO should work with the with the government with the formal entities to implement programs that belongs to every formal entities so NGO can work by themselves but they should work with the partners or collaborator as the partner or collaborator in order to implement and in order to manifest the program owned by formal entities like government, university you know NGO should work with them NGO cannot work just to succeed or just to undertake their own program but they should work so that their program can be adopted but on the other way they should adopt government program and work in order to manifest the government program so that one thing the second thing the formal entities like here in the university or the government should also accept as a part of the civil society it is very important because there are prejudices and you know things like idea in the government that NGO NGO are not contributed for their program and you will find it you know commonly in Indonesia there are such kind of thinking but basically there are many NGO that are ready to work with the government and their only program is basically to implement government program another thing is respect what we call community science community science or citizen science program there are many things that have been developed or that have been initiated by the people that are not understood by formal entities like government program a very simple thing is customary or indigenous knowledge that have been practiced from generation to generation since long time ago and there exist on the field that so far have been not so seriously getting the serious attention from the government so government should have a program to uphold those kind of science and basically NGO are the organization that are working with the community and you know community aspiration objective of the community can be brought by the NGO in order to meet the government program that basically the idea how to narrowing the gap or filling up the gap or bridging the gap between community and science of course there are many science that we call modern science but there are also a lot of science that have existed for a long time proven for a long time and that cannot be put away we should consider those kind of science in addition to the formal science that we develop in the formal institution that's my answer and thank you for that great question thank you Dr. Niki Yulu we have now 3 questions from Dr. Jati Nugroho S.H.M. Hu from IHAJS Rumacang the first question is what is the strategy of each country regarding the sea to be preserved and the welfare of the people considering Indonesia is rich in marine resources but for the welfare of the fishing community it is still less prosperous I think we start with first question this question was delivered to both of you would like to answer first yes okay thank you very much what is the strategy for each country I think example what we seen in Maluku we have huge fisheries potential but we are number 4 the poorest province in Indonesia the problem is the fishermen artisanal fishermen do not have access to the market and some surface have shown that the artisanal fishermen was not supported with infrastructure tools and called chain supply to the market this is probably the main problem as one example in Maluku I think this is the probably more expertise of Victor and I will have him to continue and answer the questions thank you Bagino can I take second question what is the legal model for the state and welfare of the ideal society ya the generic name for the preservation or conservation ecosystem conservation or preservation is protected area so in marine we call it marine protected area in the terrestrial we call it terrestrial protected area so the pros that are used by the government right now is that protection or ecosystem protection this protection so those two are basically the third one is the DNA or DNA protection normally the DNA protection are developed so fast in other country but not yet in Indonesia and marine protected area as we discussed since this morning is as I say generic name for protection or conservation program in Indonesia marine protected area but basically government have develop regulation that are become the basis for the conservation activity and it not necessarily protected area it can be like a park you know marine park another things we call it reserve area that that are several terminology used by the government but the generic name is the protected protected area and in addition as I mentioned before in addition to the formal protected area there's also a community based protected area the practice of conservation that have been carried out by the people for a long time for instance in here in Maluku we have a village based protection or management that's basically traditional one it is not the government initiated but it is traditional or community based initiative program so that's the legal the legal model we have legal model but we have a community based model which are not covered yet by the legal system that we have of course in some area in Maluku you know government pay respect on those traditional one and how those traditional can be proud of and you know can be under umbrella of the legal system but basically we found in all over Indonesia how those traditional system exist and gradually government have develop the program and also includes not illegal but those traditional system the question number two or how to create MPA that support the C the process of creating MPA it's starting from the top down approach and bottom up approach top down approach is an MPA which is created by the government through the high political decision and once it is established the MPA is socialize and familiarize to the people and you know automatically consequently the people to accept what have been decided by the top level it is like top down approach but the more efficient one more effectively manage protected area is the bottom up approach the bottom up approach is started with idea from the people we are talking about the feelings of the rural area and start with the rural community and once they have decided that they want to develop an MPA or protected area and they bring it to the province level and even the governor will designate the area and the governor will submit it to the national level and lastly it will be decided by formally decided by the central government so we call it bottom up bottom up level bottom up process and normally the bottom up process is more successful in its implementation than the top down approach so that's basically the way to create protected area in Indonesia, I think not only Marine but also terrestrial protected area even also spaces based protection scheme so it's develop better to develop by community building the awareness in the community and get their aspiration and once they decided and that idea to be brought to the higher level and formalize by the existing system or regulation at the higher level that's basically the approach thank you and we now move to the interactive session and we have two speakers I mean two participants to ask the question we start with Ibu Dia Dr. Dia Datis from Patimura University we can deliver your question Thank you for Ibu Pilma as a moderator and Pa Victor Nikiulu it is nice to meet you here today Pa because I use one of your book Blue Water Crime as one of my literature when I conduct my thesis my dissertation so now you are give talking about blue hello approach I want to know the strength of this approach compare to other approach because from what I knew that in Maluku we already have a lot of approach in term to honoring the marine environment and also how to give community welfare so what is the strength of this approach compare to other previous approach and is it able to conduct here because we know that about sea low and other regulation in Indonesia there is a complex regulation so my question is it able to conduct here especially in Maluku in term of government support and local regulation Thank you Sir Great question Ya Thank you for using my book I author that book I think 10 years ago or 15 almost 15 years ago the title of the book is Blue Water Crime before everyone in Indonesia is talking about IU fishing I have written that book introduce the idea of how to combat with the IU fishing Indonesia Okay what is the strength of the blue halo Blue halo is developed by the consideration that so far we have segmented policy we have unintegrated policy between fishing fish stock and the protected area and the consequence of that of course there are many aspects there are many driver of that over exploited fishing but one of the problem is because there is no relationship between protected area and in this case in Maluku case I mentioned about 14 million hectare area and with almost 100 million hectare fishing ground basically there is connectivity between those two and blue halo strength is to develop a system by which those two aspect the fish stock and the protected area or conservation activity conservation program can be blended can be united so we hope that by that system resources can be improved and another strength is we are not only talking about the biological aspect of the system but also economic aspect so we hope that the return economic return derived from fishing can be partly plough bag or can be partly reinvested into the conservation program conservation area and there is a responsibility of the players in the fishing industry to set apart their income or the profit to take care about the environment that's basically the idea but it is very small amount just relying on the profit derived from fishing is very small amount it is like less than 5% if you want to finance the whole conservation activity so we use that amount we call it as a trigger to develop the bigger function of sustainable financing system because people all over the world just look at our area here in Indonesia especially in Maluku if there is a intention of the government of the community to have that kind of such kind of system or have in mind that kind of system and they are ready to participate so basically the strength of the blue halo program is not only biological aspect that's very important one but it's not only biological aspect but also financial aspect so what we want to develop is sustainable financing system even we call it innovative financial system where money can come from many sources and money are pull up here in this region in this country to manage the entire activity and the last things is about the livelihood of course we mentioned before we discussed before about the impact of the development program to the livelihood to the livelihood of the people, well-being of the people and we found out that we are still like the one that we have right now so we hope that by that system we can create alternative employment we can develop what we call best product that can be sold in the international market so basically that's the idea it is a comprehensive idea and your second question about how we could develop that with the situation that we are facing right now in this country especially in Maluku I think it takes time we will walk gradually and we will communicate the idea with the government at the higher level at the central government it is accepted but how those idea can be accepted at the local at the provincial level and I think it takes time not only government stakeholders are very important here in Maluku not everywhere stakeholders are youth so we should communicate the idea but the idea once it is accepted at the national level we hope that we can develop it in Maluku and let me tell you guys it will start tomorrow tomorrow the rektor will launch a fierce survey on blue halo and it will be launched tomorrow afternoon here in Unpati and the team consists of the Unpati Mura Breen and from conservation innovation they will start for the fierce trip it will be 14 days survey in Banda and the second trip will be another 15 days survey in Uttara Serap in North Serap so that's basically the things that we started in Maluku and you know Maluku should be happy Maluku should accept that why national program that will be started implemented in Maluku so Maluku has a privilege to have that program it will be piloted in here in Maluku so again it takes time we will start with the basic data scientific data at one survey being conducted we will use those survey data result of those survey to communicate with the government and to develop more concrete program for this project Thank you Dr. Niki Yulu for very insight explanation and we have one interactive session for one speaker there is Siska Supamena Siska, time is yours please Thank you Mrs. Latini again for the chance to allow me to speak previously in Dr. Niki Yulu's presentation I see that there were many upcoming projects planning to teach the people to maintain marine life but then I see in Dr. Lemons' presentation I see that Maluku was in the heart of the coral reef triangle so the biodiversity that we have is amazing in numbers so basically I would assume that we're going to need more work for marine life so my question is what are the most important skills that should be taught to the citizens right now to improve and even maintain the biodiversity that we have with the tools that we have right now that's my question, thank you so much if I got the question correct what's the most important thing to teach the student or the people the skill to teach the people about the skills oh the skills okay if you have a good question people I'm teaching the student but I'm not teaching the people for conserving biodiversity I think people need to appreciate to love the ocean and know the value of the biodiversity and the skills that has to be teach to the people is probably how to conserve how to take care of their own environment wether local environment or just around with around the house and then if you walking by the ocean probably try not to throw garbage everywhere plastic or if you see something like that you can collect it or you can find many groups that already I think start to collect plastic degrees but really to teach a special skill to the people it's a challenge because everybody will need different everybody will have different opinion it's not like the student that we can teach set skills that can be used for scientific purposes this is not for scientific purposes it's kind of tricky can you add for it Siska that's very good patient let me add Pagino has replied you know the student about taxonomies and I say that taxonomies is the very important skill set that we should have not only in Maluku but in Indonesia and it is not easy profit generating profession if you have a profession as taxonomies you should stay very lonely in a laboratory you go to the field taking the sample and it's unlike the other profession dealing with many people but I said it's very very important as taxonomies is very important and last thing I still tell to everyone taxonomies is the first profession in the world when God created universe and he say to Adam and Adam is the one biologist and taxonomies in the world is Adam because Adam determine and put the name to everything in the world at the time so taxonomies is very important let me encourage everyone students if you are in the taxonomies field right now continue persistently doing that it's very very important it's very important to be the taxonomies and we are losing a lot of spaces because there are no taxonomies so many here in Angbon in my place in Bogor it is the similarity there are not so many taxonomies so that's the very important skill set that we should have that's my addition thank you so much thank you sir it's not easy but it is needed thank you so much thank you we still have two question one question what does the maritime and marine science center of excellence do to collaborate with the government of Maluku province investor in doing blue color concept in Maluku in order to increase economic role of local fishermen in Maluku and the second question from Mrs. Fenty to Pa Victor policy development strategy based on the reconciliation of potential social capital and in the potential of coastal marine yeah firstly I would like to invite Pajino to answer the first question actually like Victor just explain Yaisan Konsultasi Indonesia just start the collaboration with Patimura University and we will do the kickstart of two hollow survey tomorrow when we survey WPP 714 for genetic or biological and ecological connectivity and also for basically to scientifically prove that MPA has contribution to the fishing ground of course like Pa Victor said this will be the first step from the whole huge full hollow program that have so many steps and so complicated and probably need collaboration from all stakeholders especially from maluku province so this nice big program can be successful so in term of investment and others it will be the next step but we will launch the first step tomorrow and we got the privilege to be the first in Indonesia to start this blue hollow program I think that's from me the rest from blue hollow probably perfect yeah i think i can take the question from penci i think it is completed so i can take the question of penci thank you so much social capital is very important social capital should be taken into account seriously in every program and activity and for our case in maluku we have a lot huge social capital and especially if we are talking about the resource management and those social capital should be seriously consider by the anyone by the government, by NGO when you are developing like the system that will social capital social capital is your network how do you engage with others is your social capital so i think people of maluku government of maluku should have open mind habit in a way that you should communicate with everyone in order to improve your social capital so social capital the question is how to what extent social capital should be taken into consideration i should say it is a must we should consider social capital and identify social capital in every community and use even in every person and use the social capital in developing this program for the blue hello program we will take the social capital into our process and of course we will communicate with the leaders with the local leaders even at the community leaders religious leader develop things like that communication with them taking their capital as a part of the program so in short i should say fancy that social capital is important and in this case in our province we should actually have that in every program every and each program thank you dr. Nikyul and probably this is the last question i have one question to Pajino i'm curious to know could we run the monetizing biodiversity of the sea together with MPA at the same area and at the same time as we know for monetizing we produce a product of the sea and on the other hand we conserve the area on the MPA program that's my question okay thank you very much very nice question and this is exactly what i failed to mention before actually when we conserve the marine area we conserve the biodiversity and if we use the marine resources for fisheries we need to take a lot because we need to fulfill the protein for many many people but the advantage of bioprospecting is it's very environmental friendly for example you need only like 1 cm2 or each organism to be taken and get extract and screen it to get bioactive compound if you can identify this bioactive compound you can then synthesize it or you can culture the organism to make more extract so the pressure to the ecosystem to the organism is very very low compared to the fisheries so this is in the future will be the way to utilize marine resources is our biodiversity for the welfare of the people because the potential is trillions US dollar that's huge we just need to be seriously invest and research on that thank you very much thank you Dr. Rimor audience I'm allocated for this panel panel 2 before I end it let us express our gratitude to the keynote speakers Dr. Victor Niculo from Consolation International Foundation Dr. Limon, MSc Chairman of Maritime and Marine Science Center of Excellence Patimura University hopefully the material presented today can be a reference for researcher related to important issue that exist in the realm of scientific development in Patimura University as our appreciation for the 2 keynote speakers we present the following the certificate is given Dr. Victor Niculo as a speaker in the international webinar the 15 Indies Natalis Patimura University Ambon Maluku Indonesia and the certificate is also is also given to Dr. Rernath Dr. Limon MSc as a speaker in the international webinar the 15 Indies Natalis Patimura University Ambon Maluku thank you very much and once again thank you to both of you who have shown of applause to the speakers on this panel and we wish you both a very nice day and see you again on another event next I return to this event to the master of ceremony good afternoon and thank you thank you Mrs. Wilma Distinguis Guest Participants ladies and gentlemen please click on the link provided by the committee in the chat box in order to obtain your certificate of speakers presentation materials please make sure your information is correct especially your name and email address we hope you are enjoying the webinar we've had inspiring time together unfortunately we have come to the closing ceremony for this agenda we would like to invite the host of the webinar the committee chairman Dr. Juan Rico Aesthetahelu Esha Imha Dr. Juan Rico the screen is yours thank you thank you for master of ceremony Ibu Dewi Supriadi good afternoon everyone can you hear me hello good afternoon everyone good afternoon sir the honorable rector of the Patimura University Prof. Dr. NG Saptin Esaim Bung for my respect Prof. Fredy Lewakabewisi MPD the speakers Prof. Ben Harpen PhD Sarah Hamid PhD Dr. Renad Gino Limon MSG Dr. Victor Nikyulu and moderator Ibu Wilma Latuni PhD so master of ceremony Ibu Dewi Supriadi and interpreter Ibu Vera and Ibu Sharon from the University of the United States as well as a participant of the international webinar that I'm proud of Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh Salam sejahtera bagi kita semua Shalom from swastis to Namo Buddhaya Salam kebajikan first of all I apologize professionally representing the community of the 59th anniversary because of technical detrains so that there are many participants who cannot join in this webinar. This webinar is part of the 59th anniversary of Patimurayu University. I would like to thank the rector and his staff the great resource person who have provided knowledge related the environmental conservation especially the marine environment where our global issues are focused on the ocean and its preservation of the future of the next generation. I hope this activity cannot continue by sharing issue related to low marine and coastal environment in the form of webinar where we can conduct anytime and anywhere with expert in any part in the world. I and the committee would like to thank the Embassy of the United States in Indonesia which has helped a lot of the preparation process coordinate with each other greeting the speakers until the activity were carried out today. I hope that the relationship will not only come to this activity but also to other activities involving the American Embassy and other embassies in Indonesia. Finally, I will close with a poem, makan sore dengan ketan sambil duduk di bawah pohon jati. Kalau ada kesalahan dalam ucapan, memon tidak dimasukkan hati. Siang-siang di tanya isteri sudah makan apa belum? Usai sudah bertemuan hari ini sekian dan wassalamu waalaikumsalam Waalaikumsalam. Salam sejahtera bagi kita semua Shalom Om Santi-Santi Om. Nama budaya Salam Kebajikan. Terima kasih. Shalom. Thank you Dr. Johan Riko Aesthetahelu Esa Empah. Ladies and gentlemen and now to end the day I would leave you with the quote by a steward brand an author an innovative thinker who once said we can see but not influence it. We can influence the future but not see it. Let us all be guided by the all things we have learned throughout the conference today and be able to see and influence our future. Thank you very much for your attendance and then participation. Wassalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Good afternoon.