 Food-borne diseases are a major cause of illness and death worldwide, with the majority of cases occurring in the U.S. Entrohemorrhagic E. Coli, EHEC, is an emerging food and waterborne pathogen that can lead to severe complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, HUS, which can be life-threatening. Understanding the differences between EHEC and other related syndromes is important for clinicians to make informed decisions about treatment options and for researchers to develop effective animal models and therapeutics. Additionally, the rapid evolution of EHEC strains with increased virulence has made it a high public health priority. This article was authored by Deborah J. Stearns-Kurosawa, Shinichiro Kurosawa, Caitlin S. Leibovitz and others.