 o kiorono tātou, tēnā tātou i rote te ahuatanga nei. Tēnā koe Chris i mihi maiki tātou nei rangatira Nigel i roto i te ahuatanga nei. Tēnā ʻai ʻayaṃ? ʻai ʻaua taätu naka i posit discu? ʻaraṃ te Maori ll Clubộ i huMāura rangatira rai dzai tėne kaira i mhang飛 mhai ni ей skatingu i te aua ʻrynatira'たo i to the 60 or so tribes in New Zealand, 57, actually, the proceeds of the Māori fisheries settlement in 1992. And so, for the last 10 years, I've been, well, I haven't been doing so much in the last five, but for the, for most of that 10 years, I've been distributing those assets to the tribes and helping them organise themselves so that they can qualify to receive those assets. And by qualify, I mean, they've got the necessary mechanisms in place to ensure that their people's assets are properly looked after and legitimises them as institutions in the eyes of some of the other institutions in New Zealand, so the banks and the courts and all those kinds of things, know that these assets are being held by legitimate organisations that have got the interests of their beneficiaries at heart. That's been an interesting exercise. I've been able to call on all sorts of things that I've done. I was a social worker and I've always found that it's a really good thing to have started out as a worker. It's, in New Zealand, social workers aren't like Dr Melphie and the Sopranos. They're more like youth workers. And I'm really grateful that I had that opportunity as a young man. I know you're thinking that wasn't long ago. But as a young man, to be a social worker and to get that sort of experience and satisfaction from that sort of work and be able to build up the sort of empathy you have when you deal with young, well, mostly Māori people. The things that Yosef has mentioned that I do these days outside of work, I'm the Chairman of the Hato Paolo School, which is a Māori boarding school about two hours from here. About eight years ago, the principal of the school was arrested and charged with sexual assault. And I took over as Chairman of the Board around about that time. And I ran the school while it took three years for his court case to be held and he was eventually found guilty and imprisoned to employ a new principal to make sure the school ran to get rid of the lousy staff that he had hired to create a whole new set of values and attitudes amongst a new generation of young boys, young men and their families. And the school is thriving. We don't have enough kids. I'm sorry that there's not very many Māoris here. Chris, if you've got some sons, you'd better send them to Hato Paolo. I know that Nigel said he's got one. How old is he? Oh, well, okay. Well, that's not too bad. Yeah, we need some more boys. But the school has got a wonderful reputation. You can attest to that, I think, Nigel. And we've rebuilt that. I'm involved in health. I've got opinions on everything. And what I thought was is I'd come up here and just talk a little bit about what, the way I see things in regard to the Māori community. I think you can have a seat, Yusuf. I've got a couple more minutes to go. Because what I'm interested in is being able to talk to people in such a way that you can ask the sort of questions that you might have about the Māori people or the Māori communities in New Zealand without being accused of being racist by me. Just because your views might differ to mine, I'm not going to accuse you of that. Because I think that the social condition of Māori people in New Zealand is the biggest issue that we're facing. Nigel made a valid point about the $40 billion value in the Māori economy, which is under the stewardship of Māori people. Now, I think that it's a very... It's a two-edged sword, that figure. So people like to talk about that as the contribution that Māori make to the New Zealand economy. But if you can't mobilise it, if you can't exercise the level of influence that matches up to that level of participation in the economy, there's little point in measuring it and there's little point in talking about it. The Māori population is about 600,000 people in New Zealand. It's like one in seven. The difference between New Zealand and Australia is the Aboriginal population over there is about a quarter of a million out of 20 million. And we're about 600,000 to 700,000 out of 4 million. So every day you see a Māori. In Australia, every day, you don't necessarily see an aborigine. And I think the sheer weight of our numbers in our country here make it that you can't ignore our issues and our problems. Now, the Māori population, 70% of the population is under 30 years of age. So it's quite a different profile to the rest of the population, which is dominated by the baby boomers who are aged about 54, 55, up to about 67, 68 now. And within that population there are some really interesting dynamics. It looks exactly like a third world country if you see it on a population chart. And the statistics are very similar as well. Although New Zealand's not too bad a place to live, the condition of Māori people needs quite a lot of attention. So we're half of the prisoners. You know, that sounds terrible, but that's only 4,000. There's only 8,000 prisoners in New Zealand. There's more than that in one state in the United States, I expect. Another interesting figure which I think is really interesting is that in New Zealand the parkia population, the general population, the age of women when they have their first child on average is 29. For the Māori population, it's 19. So in the next 60 years there's two generations of the general population and three generations of Māoris. But the general population is much bigger, but it's not so much bigger because of that 70% of Māoris being under their date. But it's all of our social needs, our educational needs are going to be built around that population for the three Māori generations. So if you're trying to plan ahead, Nigel, I hope that there's a population plan in New Zealand for what age of people we're trying to attract, what sorts of things we're trying to attract in terms of immigrants into New Zealand. But what we really need is a way to work out how can you harness the potential that exists in all of those young Māori people under 30 so that they can work and make the taxes to look after all those white folks who are all planning on retiring. Now, I'm just a little bit outside the baby boomers. I think you've thought I look a lot outside the baby boomers. But, you know, the first of the baby boomers in the United States started turning 65 I think in 2011. The same here and it's all relative from these Western countries, where Americans turn 65 every day. And in New Zealand, well, there's not that many, but it's all going to be the same rate per our 4 million people. So we've got to work out how do we equip those young people. Now, that example about the dairy farmers I think is a really interesting one. I wanted to ask you about it, Nigel. How can we get our young people interested in working as herd managers or shepherds on farms in the other parts of the country? Well, it's pretty good. It's like a thousand bucks a week. But we can't get kids out of Auckland or Hamilton or Gisborne to go and work in dairy farms. But we are able to bring people from the Philippines and South America. So maybe we need an agency that gets a fee for bringing kids from Auckland just like the ones who get it from kids from the Philippines. I don't know. I mean, I know that there's all sorts of people working. We're talking about kids that just don't see that as part of their future. Anyway, that's just a little bit of an introduction. Why do I think Japanese should go whaling? I do believe that. The Japanese want to catch whales because they eat them. All the people who don't want to catch whales come from communities that caught whales for oil. I think Japanese should be able to catch whales. Terrible, eh? Kill everybody. You didn't like that as a finishing note? Thanks for that, Peter. One of the questions I have for you is around aspects of the values and concepts of stewardship that are present within Māori communities that you've learned from. What has been your experience and observations in such communities that perhaps are not as prominent in the way that Western societies have been developing so far? Well, my most recent experience in the fisheries is that we don't actually own 50% of the fisheries. It's about 40, but we've got 40% of the commercial assets. We probably number about 30 or 40% of the recreational fishing fraternity, community. And we're 100% of the customary fishing component in New Zealand. And what happens for someone like me who's got to be involved in all of those things, you can't ignore the customary aspects, the recreational aspects. You can't have them suffer at the... just in order to get great dividends from the commercial side of things. So having that span of interest means that you have to apply to your commercial entities some of the values that you have in your customary ones. So you... And there's, of course, a backdrop of environmental sustainability and responsibility that we've got to deal with as well. So apply and work out ways that you can have a commercially successful company that incorporates some of the values that you would bring from your own communities. And, you know, there's good and bad sides about it in terms of our circumstances. We're not so far advanced in terms of our experience in the fishing industry as of late that we can't bring those sorts of values into the way we do business. And early, you were talking a lot about the challenges that the youth population is facing within Māori communities. Can you talk a little more about what are some of the specific challenges that such communities are facing? OK, well, it wasn't so long ago that when Labour was in government, Trevor Mallard was the Minister of Education. And he said at one stage that, you know, the statistics in the education system, whereas it was one of the best in the world if it weren't for the Māori component in the education statistics. Now, there's two issues there. One is that the Māori statistics are that bad. And the other is that the Minister of Education thinks it's OK for him to talk about a big part of the population as though they're not part of the New Zealand education system, that they're somehow part of the Māori community. So there's a whole lot of things that make that happen. Māori people have got a lot more in common with the rest of New Zealand than they have got in difference. So we're much, you know, New Zealanders, Māoris, non-Māoris, they have got a lot more in common than people may recognise until they meet up overseas. But a lot of our education initiatives in the Māori community or a lot of our initiatives are about a particularly Māori way of doing things. So it might be the Māori language medium for education. It might be Māori boarding schools like the one I run and those types of things. Which give people the sense that we want to do all of our things separately from the rest of the community when the great majority of Māori kids go to schools that everybody else goes to schools at. But we've got to make sure that we can turn around the statistics by Māori organisations because the huge majority of Māori kids go to school in the same school as everybody else. So I think that, you know, there's a lot of effort from people to try and accommodate some of the Māori initiatives. But the problem with them is is that they are the purview of the middle-class Māori. So those people who are prepared to go to order that effort are the Māori population that's left out of it. Now, that's not to say they're all terrible. Most Māoris are working. Most Māoris are raising their families well. But there's a big part of them that needs a lot of attention. Half of Māori kids these days are brought up in a single parent home. Now, that's a lot. I have a lot more questions for you, but I'd like to open it up to people from the audience who might have some thoughts. What's the presence of Māori in the tech sector here? Is there any? And if not, is there a plan to have them? I can't. Chris, I can't tell you what the presence or the proportion of them are. Oh, you can. I can. It's not too bad. I think that the broad issue that we've got in the New Zealand schools and the tech sector and what's often reflected back to us is that we're probably overproducing still lawyers, accountants, people doing commerce degrees. What we're undercooking is people not doing science, technology, engineering, math. And that I think the big challenge is for our education system if we're sort of looking at what's being presented as some of the future of jobs, which I think as we grapple and realise just the pace of which technology is changing what in the generation will be the types of skills that you need to have, is that the school system probably a lot of the starts back in when kids are 10, 11 and year 8, year 9, the sort of quality investments that we're making in schools in teaching and I think those are some of the big challenges that we've got to grapple with broadly in terms of sort of skills and probably some big questions about whether our skills systems actually delivering people that have got the skills that ultimately employers are looking for. So that's what I'd say are the broader challenges in there but yeah, general messages for the tech sector in terms of the skills set, the tech sector are telling us we need to meet and I don't think we've got really a mouldy element to that that is different from just the general issue. Thanks Peter. I really appreciate the candour and remarks that you've brought. My question is a follow-on to that which is there's a lot of entrepreneurs in the room and we think about job creation and where to align that with the skills that New Zealand has around training and development of skillsets as well as where there are actual needs within the population set and I'm curious from your experiences within the education side of things and as well culturally we see a lot of opportunities on the high-tech skills side we also see a lot of opportunities in terms of as we seek to pioneer collectively new ways of regenerating and restoring the environment and new methods for food production and other sorts of restoration there's a lot of new skills that happens there and I'm just wondering if there are any nuanced ideas or sets of guidance you can provide us with in terms of what types of jobs may resonate most within the Māori community and how might we as entrepreneurs specifically create those bridges which could in turn hopefully help with some of the poverty issues and some of these other community bridges that might be formed Well, I think that's a really a good question but the issues for me is I think that the tech area the STEM area it's a real sexy area for everybody to be concentrating their efforts in these days I'm I don't want to discourage that all the attention to be hitting those ways when there are we're importing many thousands I mean, there's about 12,000 dairy farms in New Zealand, is that right? and we've got thousands of people from the Philippines and South America working on these farms and I think there's 5,000 in the South Island that's 5 million bucks a week and yet we can't work out a way to get our own young people into that just so that they can get a work ethic and then exercise in New Zealand rather than selling their skill and their efforts in Australia if you had Australia Māori kid getting off an aeroplane can get a job in a few hours because they've got such a reputation for industry and hard work and how we could translate that energy into this sector is what we should be looking at but in our own country we can harness and I don't think that's a well-grounded reputation I don't think it's a fair one but I do think that there must be ways that we can harness the enthusiasm and the energy that the young people that are prepared to go to Australia to seek their fortunes they might be able to do that in our own country and I think that what you'll find with the tech industry is that the kids are going to be just as keen on learning this area as the middle class non Māori kids and all power to them and I think that if we can work out ways to give them a chance to understand the sort of experiences that you have yourselves or the opportunities that might exist for them then that's a great opportunity I took a group from Hartlepalda to Los Angeles last year and Leon Grice arranged for us he's the general counsel for foreign affairs over there and he had all these people from the film industry and the kids these boys are sort of 16, 17, 18 and they just met up and talked to people who had been involved in movies that they've seen and that they have they can identify with and they just come back thinking man, I could do that sort of thing but if we didn't take them to Los Angeles they'd never have experienced that sort of thing and they'd go to the shitty parts of downtown Los Angeles and they'd go, oh, it's not all malls and sneakers over here there is some other elements to the Los Angeles lifestyle that we should know about as well I think it's a really useful insight as how do we inspire especially given that demographics how do we inspire that growing number of young people to co-create some of these solutions in the areas where there are there is a lot of potential for the country and the world any final remarks before we close why is there that gap why are the young Māori who are doing the agricultural work well, I I think that's got a bit to do with how far away it is I mean, it's if you live in Auckland then the idea of moving all the way down to Southland or in Vakago might be a bit daunting but they don't have to move all that far I think that there's the proper incentive for people who recruit those that labour to go off and find those kids out of Auckland so in Auckland, you know there'll be a new supermarket opens up and there's hundreds of people who are lining up for jobs working in the supermarket which you all know isn't you don't have to be that skilled but there are nobody who's interested in going to work on these farms and now the parts of the country now, when you bring people over from the Philippines there's an agency fee that's involved in that and people make a lot of money out of importing and bringing in temporary workers from other parts of the world now, I know a little bit about this because we were criticised for having a role in the foreign charter vessels which we don't have a role in but if you're 40% of the fishing industry you've got to take some of that blame as well but I think that is akin to the system that creates that level of agency for people to import workers and make money out of it and start looking in different parts of the country instead of different parts of the world it's not that the cows all speak Spanish so we need people from South America or something it's not that level of and it's tough work but we're not talking about jobs that are beyond the young people that live in Auckland but the incentives aren't there for people to recruit them I think that's a really good insight and especially as we move to 2050 the move to the city 75% of people globally are going to be living in cities by 2050 so not a problem unique to New Zealand but something which is going to be really interesting that we need to find creative solutions for globally so final comment and reflection here thank you I want to thank you for thinking of this and I feel your care for the Maori people and for the way to help them and just from a totally different perspective since that's what this dome is about what if they intrinsically feel that the farms that are being the dairy farms are not good for the land like the previous speakers said that actually there's a lot of off run the one that's necessary for the land so what if they're because these people as I understand they're very connected and plugged into the land itself they're not playing the game of what's money, not money they want what's in integrity what's in truth so perhaps you can't get them to these farms because the way the farms are run are not how they were if it was let's say a permaculture that is taking in congruent with what the land is and what the economy is perhaps they might have more incentive to come and work I think that's a nice thing to say but I don't know that our young people are happy to go to Australia and go mining but we're not happy to have mining in our own country we're not happy to have farming over here I think that when you're 18 or 19 getting an opportunity to work it's a really valuable thing working on the routine of works a valuable part of any community and if we've got a situation where too many of our young people don't experience that in their own country I don't think it's going to be well they're not going to end up living here or they're going to end up resenting the rest of the community one last question for my end is we have a lot of many of us who are new to New Zealand and who are learning so much about this place and the indigenous community what advice do you have for us to discover the Māori world and to start understanding what the values are what the ways of living are and build greater empathy well you don't have to be a refugee to get force fed I was thinking those poor refugees all the way from some red shit part of the world and then they have to go and learn all of these things but all the other immigrants don't I think that the fact that you want to learn about New Zealand and Māori society is a great start it's a pretty miserable stone-hearted person that'll turn you away if you ask them if you ask me I'm not going to say I've got no time for you guys or something like that I think you're going to find people of people with people from anywhere else and because I think that if you're going to be approaching them the way you sound like you'll be approaching them they're not going to think why does he want to know this from me you don't sound like you're after something so people are people and they'll be happy to share their information and their world with you are there books or documentaries any recommendations watch Māori TV and read books and you get a lot more from just talking to people so thank you very much for that, Peter really appreciated ok, thank you very much