 My name is Augustin Ayatunde. I work with Erie and based at Mali Office. My background is animal science. Well, I attended this conference on the future of pastoralism in Africa here in Addis and it had me a very wonderful conference in my perspective. One, the participation is quite very amazing. You have a lot of so-called giants in pastoral studies that attended the conference and I could remember some of them that I read about their work as students now meeting them is a big opportunity. Well, in terms of taking away messages, when you talk of the future of pastoralism in Africa, the message that came out here clearly is you have different people with different inclination. There are those one that I can call the optimist that still believe there is future for them in Africa and that they are resilient based on what they have no pastoralism, they have been living in harsh environments and they have been adapting over the years and that they will keep on adapting. But then you have the story of doom and gloom, the pessimists that say, look, they can keep moving around so they need to sedentarize and because of the population no pressure, demographic pressure and the government policies around having to sedentarize them since in a way the future is not all that good for them so there is no clear cut picture but one thing that is very clear is when we talk of the future of pastoralism quite very often we cannot generalize different pastoralists in different places we adapt, we have different future and we take the case of West Africa, the pastoralists there have really managed quite well to adapt to the changing context in which they operate. For instance many pastoralists, especially the full learning of the pool in French, they have been known now to be cultivating crops for more than 30 years and the crop livestock integration there even by the pastoral system is amazing. So in a way for them they are more or less pragmatic set of people, they still keep their tradition but at the same time they take advantage of the present opportunities and I think that's where the future will lie that whatever the challenge, they take advantage of the present opportunities while at the same time they keep their tradition.