 This paper proposes a mathematical model to calculate the risk of failure of locomotive diesel engines based on their fuel consumption rate. It also develops a maintenance process for 5D49 diesel engines at a locomotive depot. The results show that the optimal mileage for these engines is 45,000 kilometers, resulting in a 2.4% increase in resource availability compared to the existing maintenance system. This article was authored by Dennis Baranovsky, Marina Bulek, Adam Mikejlisyn, and others.