 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rishmishy, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls' Relic College, University of Allahabad. And after discussing the basics of statistics, this time I will discuss statistical series, Sankhikhi Shrankhalaay. And the lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be interesting and useful for all of us. So, Arranging Classified Data in some logical order such as according to the time of occurrence, size or some other miserable or non-miserable characteristics is known as statistical series. Sorry, we are saying that what Sankhikhi Shrankhalaay means is that we have to arrange the classified data that we have. We have Vagikruth Akhda, we have to arrange them in some logical order, i.e. according to some logic, whether it can be the occurrence of time or according to the size or according to some other miserable or non-miserable characteristic, i.e. according to the time or according to the time of occurrence, if we arrange classified data in some logical order, then it is called statistical series. These series are prepared for the proper presentation of collected and classified data in an organized manner. And why are these series made? Because the data that we have collected and classified, we can present it in an organized manner, i.e. in an organized manner, properly in an organized manner, we can present it properly, that is why we make statistical series. So, you can get a basic classification of this, we can divide the statistical series into two groups, either according to their rules or according to their nature. So, according to the rules, statistical series or Sankhikhi Shrankhalaay can be of three types, time series, spatial series or condition series. So, time series, i.e. if the time series is based on time, then time series, if we have made a series based on space, then spatial series, if it is based on some condition, then it is a condition series. Similarly, if we divide them based on construction, then individual, discrete, oh, oh, oh, individual, discrete and continuous three types of things are kept. Individual, i.e. it is not a series, it is just some observations. Discrete means unsaturated, ungrouped frequency, i.e. we have not made any summary of the frequency distribution. And continuous series means grouped frequency distribution, i.e. we have made some groupings, then continuous, then of many types. So, now we know that time, spatial and condition are read based on the characteristic. What is time series? Based on the characteristic, it is the different values that are taken by this variable in a period arranged in chronological order. The series is called a time series. I.e. if we have made chronological order according to the period of time, i.e. we are looking at the birth date of Uttar Pradesh. So, in 1980, in 1990, in 2000, in 2010, in 2020 and in 2030, if we make it, then this will become a series and it is based on time. Based on a time period, then this will become a time series. Simply put, a time series is a statistical series in which the given data is presented in time units, i.e. day, month, week or year. In the same way, we can make the day, month, week as well, that every day, according to the month, according to the week, according to the year, i.e. the construction of the series is based on time. Similarly, spatial series, if the data is arranged according to the location and geographical consideration, then it is called a spatial series. i.e. if we are making it according to the period of time, according to the place, then the series will be like a time series. The time factor remains constant in this kind of statistical series and the place changes. For example, in 1980, Uttar Pradesh's tension is this much, Madhya Pradesh's tension is this much, Gujarat's tension is this much, Maharashtra's tension is this much and Chennai's tension is this much. So, the time factor is the same, because everyone is telling the 19th century but the place has changed. So, this spatial series will be like a condition series. If the data of a series is classified according to the changes occurring under certain conditions, then it is called a condition series. i.e. we have taken a place, we are talking about Uttar Pradesh's tension, we are talking about 1980. So, we have put some condition. For example, data is arranged based on the age of the student. i.e. based on age, based on the age of the student, we have put some condition like this. So, this will be a condition series. i.e. what is the characteristic of this? What are the rules? If the time is the main, then the time is the the time is the time. If the place is important, then the place is the the time is the time. The condition we have put the dasha, that is important, then it will be a condition series. Similarly, now it will come on the basis of construction. Sorry, I have lost it in my throat. So, this construction can be an individual series, it can be discreet and it can be continuous. So, individual means that it is just a matter of the eye. If it is unorganized, then it is unorganized individual series. If it has been organized, then it is organized individual series. There is no meaning in discreet. It is non-standard. There is no classification of it. But there are many continuous series. Continuous means Satatashankhla. Now, it can be exclusive, it can be inclusive, it can be open-end distribution, it can be cumulative. Look, this is my cut copy paste, so I am not able to make it right. This should be C U. Cumulative frequency series is equal and unequal class interval series and mid-value series. So, we will discuss some of them from you. So, now it comes on the basis of construction. We have an individual. Now, we are in an individual, organized individual and unorganized. Sorry, unorganized individual and organized individual. So, what is an individual series? The series in which the items are listed simply is known as individual series. That is, we have some tools, we have some items and we have kept it like this, without any grouping. So, it is individual. Even in that, it is unorganized. Series with raw data and unorganized, unarranged mass of data is known as an and, yes, in so many ways, there are words. A series with raw data and unarranged mass of data is known as an unorganized series. That is, it is raw data. We have just taken it. We have not classified it. We have not made any grouping. Just keep it like this. Raw data is the data. It is original form. That is, as soon as we have collected the data, it will be an unorganized individual series. Why? Because we have not made a grouping. So, the individual and the one who has got it, have not even organized it. So, unorganized. So, then the collected data will be raw. And then, when we organize the same data, not grouping, it will be individual. But if we organize it, it will be organized individual. A series with orderly arranged raw data is known as an organized individual series. So, there can be two ways to do it. There are two ways to present organized individual series. We can organize it in two ways. How? The first one is according to the serial number. Either we have only the serial number of the students of the class. So, first we had to check the copy. So, they are unorganized and keep the same number. But we have put the serial number from serial number 1 to serial number 50. So, this is an organized individual series. And either we can put it as per magnitude. Ascending or descending. Either the number of the child's copy is the first. And from the bottom. Or the one with the lowest number is the first and the lowest number is ascending or descending. You can use any method. So, arranging raw data in ascending or descending order of magnitude is known as an array, or arrays, or arraying of the data, or arraying of the figures. Array means to have a view. Something like this. View, crumb. So, this is it. Meaning, the raw data you got is an individual series. If you haven't organized it, it is unorganized. If you have organized it, it is organized. You can do it in two ways. You can do it simply in two ways. Either it comes from serial number or ascending or descending. Meaning, it increases or decreases. Which is called Arohi or Arohi crumb. Hey, tig. Why your discrete? What is discrete? If the number of observations of a study is large. If there are a lot of... I mean, we can make 50-100 children of the class as an individual series. 100 is more than that. But if there is a huge number of assumptions, then there is a huge gap. So, what do we have to do? It won't work with the individual series. What do we have to do? In that case, discrete series is a much better way to present the data. What do we have to do? We will make a discrete or ascended study. What do we have to do? In this frequency distribution series, different values of the variables are shown with their respective frequencies. What do we have to do? We have 10 to 15 to 20 children of the class. So, this is the frequency of respect. Meaning, Vargan Taral is talking about this. Then, the most important thing is the continuous series. Meaning, Satta Tashrankla. We have to read a lot of types of this. And the numerical we use, we also get continuous series. Explosive or inclusive. We will tell you later. A discrete series cannot take any value in interim. Meaning, the interval value does not give the discrete series. Therefore, in cases where it is essential to represent continuous variables with the range of values of different items of a given data, continuous series is used. Meaning, when we have made it discrete, we do not give any value in the interval that is coming in. That is not important for us. But when it is also important for the inside, then we have to make continuous series. It will not work with discrete series. So, in this series, the measurements are only approximations. And these approximations are expressed in the form of class interval. Meaning, Vargan Taral is important here. Other names of continuous series are. Its other names are like frequency distribution. Grouped frequency distribution. Series with class intervals and series of grouped data. That is, your frequency is divided according to that. Or, Avarati Vitaran is done. Or, Samuhi Avarati Vitaran is done. Or, Vargan Taral has Sarani. Or, Vargikrit Ankara has Sarani. These are a lot of names. In other words, a continuous series is one in which both the class interval and the corresponding class frequency are given. That is, the discrete series was only told to us by the frequency. That how many times it has been used. What does the frequency mean? How many times it is being used. But, the continuous series also tells us the frequency. That how many times it will be used. Avarati will also tell us. And Vargan Taral will also tell us. Okay. Now, you can see how continuous is done. That is all I have discussed with you. The most important is the exclusive series. And it works a lot. What is exclusive? Let's exclude. Let's exclude the upper limit. Look, it is a kind of continuous series in which the upper limit of any class interval is equal to the lower limit of the next class interval. For example, you must have asked me. Let's give it 0 to 10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30, 30 to 40. So, what is the upper limit of 0 to 10? 10. And what is the lower limit of 10 to 20? This is also 10. That is, the first one will count from 0 to 10. It will count from 0 to 9. It will count from the next 10. Do you understand? That is, we are leaving the upper limit. So, an exclusive series is one in which every class interval excludes the value of its upper limit. That is, every Vargan Taral leaves its upper limit. The limit of its upper limit is exclusive. What is exclusive? We are taking everyone with us. Like, the series which includes all items includes the upper limit. So, how will Vargan Taral be included in this? From 0 to 9, 10 to 19, 20 to 29, 30 to 49. That is, from 0 to 9. We have everything. The upper one starts from 10. But what is exclusive? From 0 to 10, 10 to 20, 30 to 30. So, we consider ourselves as 10. Why did we leave 10? Because we have taken the lower limit of the upper one. Okay. Then the open end series is an open class. What will happen in this? In which the lower limit of the first class interval and the upper limit of the last class interval is missing. That is, the interval is also in this. But the first class will not get the lower limit. And the upper class will not get the upper limit. Open ended. Not closed ended. So, the first class will be less than 10. It is not saying that it is less than 10. Because it is less than 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. It is not known. It is open ended. Similarly, the upper class is more than 50. From 50 to 50, it is not known. So, the first Vargan Taral, our lower limit is not known. It is missing. And the highest Vargan Taral, its upper limit is missing. So, it becomes an open end series. The question is asked less on this. Mostly, it is exclusive or inclusive. We get it for questioning. And what is the cumulative frequency series? What is cumulative? Yogatma. We are going together. For example, I have made a very long diagram. It is 0 to 10. So, in 0 to 10, it is 5 frequency. In 10 to 20, it is also 5. So, what will happen? 5 will be connected. It will be 10. What will happen in the upper class? And its frequency will be connected. That is, the upper or ascending, ascending, whatever order you are taking, the frequencies will be connected to the next Vargan Taral. Why is that? And the frequency series containing mid-values. What is in it? That type of avertisarani. In which the middle and middle are given. The middle and middle are given. So, which series, which have only mid-value of the class intervals and the corresponding frequencies. That is, it is not written as 0 to 10. It is written as 5. It is not written as 0 to 10. It is not written as 20 to 30. It is written as 15. That is, it is only given as mid-value and here it is given as corresponding frequency. So, this frequency series containing mid-values is done. So, you should know in one way which series you have got the question on. Is it exclusive or is it inclusive or is it an open end or is it a cumulative frequency or is it a frequency series containing mid-values. These are the five main ones. That is, basically, we have to apply the length of the continuous series. So, this is the statistical series. So, if you know this, then we will ask questions on it. So, this has been the instruction of your teacher. And I have got this very much topic too. So, thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe to my channel Explore Education. I have done from this end.