Seasonal adjustment and calendar effect - INE - Spain

Some statistics measure (socio-economic) phenomena, such as the unemployment rate, industrial production, trade sales or GDP for periods of less than one year.
They are useful to know the progress of the economy in the short term and they also provide relevant information to everyone.
However, these data can vary greatly depending on the time period they measure.
The variation in the lengths of months, shifting holidays or regular phenomena such as seasonal sales periods do not enable statisticians to make proper comparisons of raw data.
For this reason, data are adjusted taking into account the working days of the month / of a period, as well as some events that happen periodically within a year and may affect the results, i.e. holidays, sales periods, etc.
Seasonally adjusted data and calendar effects are the most accurate methods to reveal the real economic growth at each moment.

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