 Dear students, now we are going to study the second type of research on the basis of purpose research and this type of research is descriptive research. Descriptive research is conducted to present a picture of a specific details of a situation, social setting or a relationship. We conduct descriptive research in order to understand the relationship between the two variables and in a specific situation and in a particular social setting. And descriptive research starts with a well-defined issue or a question. Whenever we conduct descriptive research, we have a research question in hand, unlike explorative research in which we start the research with an idea with an emerging issue and we do not know about the research questions but in descriptive research, we start descriptive research with the well-defined research questions and we know what are the variables of the study and we more focus on how and who then why. In descriptive research, we try to answer particular research questions and if we talk about the characteristics of the descriptive research, in descriptive research, we provide a detailed, highly accurate picture. At this level, we have variables of the study and we measure them properly and we tell them the relationship between them on the basis of them. For instance, if we are doing a study in which we are looking at the impact of fear of COVID-19 on mental health, then when we conduct descriptive research, we will know how to measure fear of COVID-19 and how to measure mental health and how to measure the nature of relationship between the two. And in descriptive research, we locate new data that contradict past data. The basic purpose of descriptive research is advancement and progress of the theory. In descriptive research, we properly test theoretical assumptions whether these theoretical assumptions are correct or not. For example, a theoretical assumption is that because of fear of COVID-19, people's mental health has been negatively affected. The fear of COVID-19 in people's mental health has been negatively affected. So, whether these theoretical assumptions are correct, if they are correct, then what social settings are correct? Whether they are correct for Europe, whether they are correct for Asian societies, whether they are correct for those societies where there is a lockdown and whether they are correct for those societies where there is no lockdown. So, we study all these situations in descriptive research. And in descriptive research, we create a set of category and classify types. In descriptive research, we try to measure the variables and classify them based on which contributing variables are in any issue and which non-contributing variables are in any issue. For example, I was talking about the corona, in corona, people's mental health had a direct relationship with fear of COVID-19. So, the theory here says that people's mental health is actually linked with the positive mental health, the positive emotions, if people's self-belief was better, if people's self-confidence was better, if they were spiritually strong, then their mental health was less affected. So, this was an addition to descriptive research that whenever we have to study the mental health of the people in a pandemic, we must see the spiritual level of the people as well. And in descriptive research, we clarify our sequence or steps or stages. So, we see that in descriptive research, what are the variables that are caused, what are the variables that are moderated, and what are the variables that are mediated. For example, when we talk about COVID-19's mental health, we see that the issue of mental health was probably more in that population, which was related to middle class or middle class. And the issue of mental health was not related to your elite class, because if their social interaction physically ended with people, then they engaged themselves in different social settings. For example, some people went to warm houses, some people virtually interacted with others, they engaged themselves in their homes, so these findings came to be known only on the basis of descriptive research. And in descriptive research, we document our causal process or mechanism. And the descriptive research clearly tells you which variable is cause and which variable is outcome. And in descriptive research, we report on the background and context of a situation as well. As I just told you, whenever we study the mental health of the people with reference to the pandemic, we have to study the social setup as well, that the people we study, what is their economic position? Mental health is also linked with the economic position. So when we add this, we can do such things in descriptive research.