 So, in ethics session again we have mainly pointed out is about right and wrong of some behavior. So, it is exactly goodness and badness. So, this is not absolute some people might consider good some people might consider bad but what most people consider as good and what is good for most people is what defines ethics. So, what we will do is let us do a couple of I hope you can all read this please read this and then I will reset the hand setting do not raise your hands now please I will reset it again. So, read this come up with an answer for yourself please write that answer down for yourself and then discuss with your partner ok I will give you about 5 minutes to do this please write it down yourself first think pair share you can try this in your classrooms as well you do it alone first then do it with pairs and then we will discuss in the class. So, I will read the statement once more for you. So, this is regarding a project that you are going to take. So, you have a discussion with the company that is interested in having you as a consultant to evaluate a new product they are developing. However, during the discussions they drop hints about how your strong support of this product would make them market leaders and lead to a long research partnership with your group ok. So, your the company has told you in subtle words that they need your support which means they need your concurrence and that will make them market leaders. Now, the question is do you see any problem with this this again I am telling you there are certain things which you can argue both ways. This is a situation where you can argue both ways it is not the answer is not yes or the answer is not no many of you might feel as many of you might feel no. So, just think for yourself there is nothing correct or wrong about your thing we just want to present this discuss various opinions and then let us see if we can conclude on something. So, first of all to yourself you write an answer do you see a problem to this yes or no and then discuss with your partner why you think it is yes or no. Sita Ram Bhai Naranjee Patel. The first problem which I see is more over the company which is insisting me to join for the product may be the company having a notice that some other company will approach me for the same product to launch so they are insisting me to collaborate or to work in the area for the product or the another is they might have a confidence in me so they are using my knowledge for their launch of the product. So, there are two aspects whether they are in a notice that someone will approach me or some another company will approach me for the same product they are going to launch or the another they are having a confidence in me so this might or certain person will work for the same. Okay now let me so this is like a research grant okay now suppose the company which city are you in? Adoli. Surat. Surat okay so Surat say there are so many dye companies or diamond companies or whatever okay. They come to you and ask you collaborate with me okay and I will pay your research you want money for research say government is not giving you money they are going to give money for your research so that you can buy chemicals you can pay your PhD students and so on. It is a research money that I am not telling they are bribing you okay they are not bribing you they are giving you research money in return they are asking you you give them favorable recommendation for the product and do some research on the product and you write it in your journal paper that it is good it works very well and so on okay they are not saying you give a advertisement in ZTV or something you write a research paper in which you say that if I do use this product it comes out to be nicely or something like that some favorable work from you in return they are going to fund your research okay so in this context the question is will you or will you not accept what is the reason so first I request all of you to answer the question yes I will accept no I will not accept and this is the reason let me go to the next college Jawaharlal Nehru national college yeah I will not accept this because there is a selfish condition that because it benefits him who is going to come to me and the second is there is the acceptance or offer coming because he feels there is a benefit to the company he would not have come to me if I would not have added value so I feel that there is a selfish motive and a condition to any negotiation does not make sense okay so let me respond to you assume that I am the company and I am coming to you see you want funding okay I am giving you funding yeah can you negotiate in a way that you get the funding but you make it clear that you are not going to write any special favor if the product really comes out to be well maybe you can say but you do not want to tell it is there a way that you can negotiate out of this and say that okay but you need a funding now your government has stopped giving funds for research you have government has said that 90% of the funding has to come from industry I will give only 10% what will you do I would say my creativity is what I can deliver but if there is a condition that it is making them a market leader that's why they are coming to me so they should accept me on my face value for my knowledge and the result is secondary it's not in my control whether the customer would accept the product or not so if it comes with a rider I have to cleanse the deal but if they come to me with a very ethical approach to saying you are intelligent you are knowledgeable we want your service it looks transparent so probably I would put across my USP of knowledge to market my case yes but let's say that all that is given now you do want money how do you best negotiate the deal without giving into their demands you do want money it's not that you say no to a many private companies may have the same issue if not a company B will come with a similar thing but you cannot say no to everybody how do you best negotiate out of this no I would look at angel investor I would look at venture capitalist but not submit myself to people who want to exploit but I would be very transparent okay very good my product should speak my knowledge should speak and and and not the other way around okay thank you so let me just because if I am good people are going to come to me and my intelligence okay thank you very much so let me just point out that as somebody has said now please do not take that that is the only answer okay so many others might have a different answer and please respect that for what whatever decisions they have they make okay so let's hear from waltz and the institute so I will not accept this looking to the case excellent in the text there what has been written in the text that the company is expecting something only to support their product when I evaluate the product that is what their basic intention it looks to be looking to their basic in intention a sincere and transparent person who is required to evaluate a product in a competitive market with the view that the product should be thoroughly evaluated which will give a definitely a chance for a company if negative remarks are there to improve themselves in competitive market which is the basic role of concern and to be transparent looking to this role if I am been given a job as a hint with their clear-cut intention to strongly support the product in prima facia I should reject it but as a second part you said that if the company is giving a dialogue to negotiate so that I should accept it if this condition exists with the dialogue of the superior of the company it is equally enough chance for a concern like me to negotiate on that on my conditions first condition is the transparent evaluation of existing product with my wrong knowledge or whatever belief I can evaluate first the product during my evaluation if it is I'm transparent company will definitely get appeal that this person is doing the correct thing irrespect of the something they work for him with this it gives a strong bond between these two and there will be belief in both the parties that this person can do something for the product based upon that the dialogue of negotiation starts then if the benefit comes for a certain like me definitely I want to groom my concern and see I will accept it later on this can be a process of accepting the order or negotiating the order or denying the order at the end the result is not that in the control of the both the parties dialogue will finally decide okay what you thank you so now again I'm going to reset the hand raises and I would ask any center if there is at least one person who says yes I will accept and we want to hear those arguments as it's very important to hear both the sides of the argument so that whenever people take a decision they take it little more informed way and after giving a little more thought so I'm going to reset the hand raises so if there is any center in which there are people who feel that yes they should accept but do it in certain way or whatever it is okay so if there are anybody who is saying yes please hand raise okay we have Rajaram Bapu do you have an answer yes there is the possibility of a long-term association that part I will not allow it to have an instance on my research I should be able to do my work without anything having an impact on my work so I will evaluate the product if I feel the product is good I will tell them accordingly if I feel it is not good I will tell them that the product is not good and my evaluation is negative I will not allow whatever it is say to cloud my judgment because you had already mentioned that there would be a lot of assignments this will come with a rider like this you have to be very sure work and do your work very honest yeah thank you so the I'll just repeat if I've got it right so the argument here is yes I will take this but I will definitely not commit to a long-term thing I will evaluate and see for myself and if it's worthwhile I will continue which is also a good point so this is why I wanted people to have both the answers now let's go to Bunnary Amman Institute of Technology to say yes to the offer but that offer would be on certain conditions and from my point of view I will conduct a fair research and submit that to the company and that research would be a proprietary of the company because the company is providing you the funds to conduct the research and in that the research is submitted to the company my name would not be there so the company should not claim any undivided from that they can publish the result on their own risk to the market okay I am just restating your argument to others because he is going to take the research yes he is going to take it but he's going to transfer all the knowledge that comes out of it to the company and the company if they if at all they use it they will be using the knowledge and not his name so that way the there is nothing that he is being used to promote a particular product okay thank you very much Rai Soni College of Engineering yeah my answer would be yes because the opportunity doesn't come often so I would use this opportunity to get grant for my institution and I will put of course I will put the conditions to it if you they are using my name for promoting their product because it will be very difficult for me to control what they are communicating in the market because the product is new so it should not happen that we should use my name and miss guide customer so I will put conditions and of course I will take this opportunity and it will be good for my system okay thank you very much we will go to MES Pillai Institute of Information but our answer is that yes we will take the project because he has just given a hand and we can make it clear at the beginning that whatever will be the results of our research will be given and we will be able to influence to our results and on the quality of the project thank you okay thank you so can you repeat the last sentence what is the reason that you will take it up no sir because he has just given a hand that he if we are strongly supporting him to give a favorable results we can clarify at the beginning only that whatever will be the results and research from the research has to be accepted by him and he cannot influence on us okay so I will repeat it MES College thinks that they should accept it the reason being that it is only a small hint and at the outset before doing the research they will make it clear to the company that whatever be the outcome they should accept it and they should not expect that the results that come out will be favorable but they have also put a clause okay they are putting actually a small fish now right now they say that the first year we will give you 5 lakh rupees now if we think the research is interesting to us then the next year will give you 1 crore to buy this costly instrument okay now what will you do okay so you will not take up the research after one year but one year you will take it and do the research and report whatever you find okay thank you kong engineering college I am repeating the question just hold on wait for me to finish the question is will you or will you not accept such a kind of proposal from the company sir I will not accept such a proposal sir hello I had expected that you will all say yes okay so this is an exercise which you have to read and write okay so what we will do now so there is anyway break coming up in the next couple of minutes so use this break as well as sometime now to read this whole paragraph okay assume that this paragraph is coming from a paper okay and you are going to work on some area in which you are going to use this paper which means that the whole of this paragraph you need to write in two lines and say that in bracket you will put this work has been done by this person so two lines you I want you to summarize this paragraph in about two lines one or two lines three lines is okay not the whole thing a couple of lines you have to rewrite this paragraph okay as a summary alright so I will what you need to do is write it and you have to exchange your notes with your neighbor okay please write it take we will come back in another ten minutes which is including your tea break plus this exercise you have to write this and share your copy with your neighbor and take their copy with you and then we will continue with the exercise okay so we will come back in ten minutes from now thank you very much okay so baby Ahilya University can you read at least one response you do not have to tell from whom it came just read one response in which sentences of phrases have been used identically to the original work I have summarized the paragraph and I will read it as most might have been reserved as a tourist destination where people can visit and appreciate the natural beauties they are not allowed to travel for all the great and experience natural beauty so what do you think has been which sentences are common with the original work which sentences of phrases are common to the original work okay we'll go to the next college Thakur College your semi is a park like paradise with beautiful sceneries it is having a metal fence to protect from intruders but visitors would be interested to be a part of this nature's gift that is the summary of that paragraph given okay what are the phrases that are identical to the original how many phrases were identical none none no so then you don't raise your hands I am going to reset it again my question as follows there has to be at least two phrases which are identical to the original only then please raise your hands please don't raise your hands otherwise I want to see the extent of commonality between what somebody has written now to what was given in the original work so please don't raise your hands unless you have significant overlap KCE society gel gown please tell us first how many phrases are identical sir I have used similar words not exactly the phrases the like masterpiece stands for outstanding example whereas intruder stands for invader and the footprint stands for footmark so the description is like your smite park is an outstanding example of nature with and having boundaries surrounded by a guilt where a tourist who is an invader is only allowed to take pictures and what left behind is only the footmarks okay okay let me ask Kavi Kool Guru Institute of Technology I have some words which are identical to the original work yes I might park tourists these are fine so using proper nouns like your smite park tourists jilt frame they're all nouns and not necessarily it will you cannot find the equivalent which is fine I'm Pratima sir RBS I'm from RBS engineering technical campus Bichfuri Agra and as far as my summary of this passage is concerned I would like to say nature is a paradise where we are intruders these are the phrases that I have taken from the actual paragraph original paragraph and I would like to say that the writer wanted to say that nature is the gift given to us by God and that's why it is a paradise but we as human beings are intruders because we are playing with nature and we are not caring for nature to make the students aware that plagiarism is not acceptable and they should rewrite almost every phrase of the sentence except possibly to keep the technical phrases like for example if there was a technical definition and then that definition has got a couple of words which are phrases has to come only in that particular way that is okay but not more than a couple of such definitions can be used as such so what we ask our own students to do is to write these things we give them a technical paragraph and ask them to rewrite it so that they are aware of what plagiarism is so plagiarism is essentially something which is does not come so naturally in our school curriculum so students are generally not aware of it when when they do a projects school projects before they come to colleges when they do school projects nowadays if you ask them to write something they just go to Wikipedia and download that and don't even bother to rewrite forget about understanding that they just copy it and present it as a project or a presentation or whatever so it is not even not there in the school level but at least at the college level it is our responsibility to tell students what plagiarism is and how to avoid them how to rewrite sentences and using examples like this this is reason why we took this very general example is most of you can work on this very broad topic instead of taking a particular subject but usually in your own classes you might be dealing with people of a similar discipline like in IIT Bombay the way we conduct this communication skill course is each department has got their own instructor for communication skills now I am faculty in chemical engineering and there are other faculty in other engineering disciplines and science disciplines now we are not trained professionally to in English literature and it's not only people who are trained in English literature take communication skills in IIT Bombay in IIT Bombay many of the faculty who take communication skills are people from their respective disciplines so I am from chemical engineering when I give assignments to my students I take examples from chemical engineering literature and ask them to write it and work on it. So similarly we you should encourage your students who work on that particular area to pick up you have to give them assignments just as the way we gave you assignments in different disciplines you ask them to take any one particular discipline and then ask them to rewrite a paragraph as a summary may be an abstract as a rewritten summary. So that is the importance of making plagiarism aware what I will do now is again reset my hand raise and allow people to express their opinion raise question and we will have a small discussion about plagiarism how you have encountered plagiarism in students how you think it can be avoided and so on so let me just reset the counters reset the hand raises so University BDT College of Engineering so let us know your opinion on plagiarism among students and what steps you have taken to educate them about plagiarism. Actually in our undergraduate and postgraduate course we have reports project reports they initially they submit it and we go through and then we point out where they are likely to indulge in plagiarism and then we ask them to revise it and we'll do it for some two three iterations and by that time it reaches a level where it is fairly good I don't say that it is completely full proof and then we pass it on. So how do you identify that something has been plagiarized nowadays in internet there are so many sources that they could have taken the material from. Right sir actually in our University they the PM Tech report submitted they are subjected to plagiarism check through software turn it or turn it software they subject it to and they have allowed certain percentage though it is not correct because even one percent plagiarism is also not allowed but at undergraduate and especially at postgraduate course they have allowed certain percentage they check it and if it is well within that limit they will pass it on otherwise the thesis will be again ask it for resubmission with some penalty. Okay thank you Symbiosis Institute of Computer Studies. Yeah I have a question that what percent of plagiarism is allowed and what are the different free tools is any free tools available if not what are the other tools which one is that a tool for plagiarism. Okay so I will repeat your question for the benefit of others what are the tools free tools and paid tools available and in these tools what are the allowed percentage of plagiarism. Now firstly let me answer the tools in plagiarism IIT Bombay uses turn it in as some of you also have pointed out we find the turn it in to be very comprehensive there are also several free website like plagiarismchecker.com and a few other sites if you just search for plagiarismchecker on Google you will find but they are limited in the sense that amount of text that you can type is something like thousand words or something and the kind of text that they compare with is not sufficient like the way a turn it in has got a huge database of documents to compare with we have not found any other source which is as good maybe there are new things which have come up but I am not aware of anything if anybody has any such information I would like you to share it with all of us. Now coming to your second question so what is the percentage of plagiarism so this is again subjective what we can say is what is too bad I would say something more than 20 percent is really bad and what is very good you cannot say 1 percent or 5 percent is good maybe 2 percent is good maybe 7 percent is also good so really good you can say below 5 or 7 percent is really good and about 20 percent is really bad now between 5 percent and 20 percent again my opinion is based on turn it in outputs and any other plagiarism checker could define it in a different way so please use this with a rider that whatever I am saying is with respect to turn it in so between 5 and 20 percent it is subjective you have to decide you have to go there manually and look at what are the kind of sentences that are copied now what happens in turn it in is that by default it copies even the bibliographic references and the references are identical in your work certainly it will be identical in some other work that cannot be changed so by default turn it in is going to say that that is copied so you have to manually tell that do not check for bibliographic information even then you might find 10 to 15 percent copied if you go on then you actually go and look at it what is it that is being copied sometimes even if you turn off bibliographic it still finds it out so software is not perfect so between this 5 percent and 20 percent we need humans to take a judgmental call whether it is real plagiarism or it is just some software problem now the question is how do we prevent so it is not yeah the see as I was saying the in Indian school education itself these things should have been brought up so unfortunately students do not know about the value of creating something original so the first thing that we need to tell them is what is your own contribution that is what is valued so we have to tell them in a positive way they are all young minds they are just most of them are just not aware of what it is they are all used to copying in a easy way they just do not know that it is wrong so first thing what we need to do is to tell them that this is not acceptable this is not considered good practice okay so tell them the benefits of doing what is their own contribution what is original contribution and say that and then of course we will have strict measures for copying so you need to be very strict if you find somebody who is copying like for example in IIT Bombay if we find somebody who copies in one exam say one quiz a small exam in the whole semester which might carry only 5 marks or 10 marks of the end sem the person is failed for the entire semester okay so if they find that they copy an assignment home assignment they are failed for the entire semester so one thing is to make them aware that it is it is not good to copy that originality is what is valued first them make it aware and of course then you also implement it in a very strict way your academic program should be very strong in saying that anybody found copying will be completely failed for that subject and you have to be very strict on that without any bias to any one person a girl or somebody is handicapped or somebody is sick and that is what they kept it none of that should count if you follow that strictly with couple of batches slowly they will also begin to appreciate the value of originality that is the only way we can inculcate unfortunately it has not been done in the school education does it answer your question so let me go to Vishwa Jyoti college of engineering sentence it has combination of two or three keywords when checking the plagiarism whether it comes under the plagiarism or not so let me repeat the question for the benefit of others when you are writing a sentence and you have to use keywords now if there are more than two to three keywords does it amount to plagiarism or not now the again this is very subjective and depends on the context now with certain technical definitions or technical keywords there may not be any equivalent synonyms so if there are no equivalent synonyms it is okay and it is a must that you should use the original definitions like for example there is a physical concept now that physical concept let us say it is weight of a body now instead of weight you cannot use mass because weight and mass are two different things they might mean similar but they are not exactly the same okay so in certain you need to take a call if there are no equivalent synonyms especially with technical keywords you should not use you can use the same word now different plagiarism checkers allow you to use the extent of plagiarism what what constitutes a plagiarism is it three words is it four words is a five words you can define that so normally about three words to four words is considered okay because within three words you will have only one or two keywords only when you go to four or five words you will have other words which have synonyms will come inside so therefore if you keep your limit as about three words is acceptable then you will see that four words five words only come up in your extent of plagiarism okay does that answer your question okay thank you very much if it is a home assignment if you give 10 different questions to 10 different people if it's a small class it is okay for a large class how many variations can you give in an assignment this is see this is a way that you can one small way you can but more importantly we need to inculcate that plagiarism is bad they should feel that it is bad and not do it that is more important like for example if you go to schools and colleges in the western countries and developed countries even if you copy a small phrase you are kind of severely penalized for that even a home assignment school assignment I am not talking about project reports small school school assignments if you copy from wikipedia or if you copy from your neighbor it's considered very very bad unfortunately in our culture that hasn't gone through the students we consider it okay to copy it's very important that we inculcate the ethics in the students that it is just not acceptable that it is just not good of course there are means to prevent it like what you said but that is very difficult logistically when you have large classes you can't be correcting a hundred different questions and if it is a home assignment if they had copied from wikipedia how will you go and check hundred different questions from wikipedia so yes so that is the point like here we have two classes of 60 60 so normally we can do plagiarism test if they have copied from internet but normally what happens is say one student created an assignment in at least 4 to 5 will copy maybe from other class so how do we monitor that yes so so depends on the nature of assignment if it is a project if you are able to when you are correcting that you can exchange suppose use you take one 60 batch students and your friend takes another 60 batch of students you can exchange papers randomly and then check this is all offline I am saying but if it is online like turn it in the example that I said turn it in allows you to compare not only among what is there available in internet but also among the class so it allows you to compare submissions across a class across this class and previous class maybe last year you took and across things that are available in the internet so once it is electronic it is very easy but of course offline methods it is slightly tedious and it is difficult to catch hold of this as I said the best way here is to do a positive and a proactive thing inculcating the spirit of not acceptability in the students that this is not good just as they will say that is it okay to go and kill your neighbor none of us feel that killing a neighbor is okay because we have inculcated in us saying that that is bad so similarly we need to inculcate this spirit of no copying is what is desirable okay so let me stop this topic and then go to the next topic