 Gweithio gwahanol ar gwybod. Rydyn ni'n golygu bod hynny'n clywed cymryd bethau cyfnodol y gallu gwahanol arall yn y gyfnodol iawn. First is access to clean water and sanitation, but the second is vaccines that protect us from transmitted infections. Yn hynny'n gweithio yma yw'r gweithio ffioedd fathau ac mae'r ffordd yw'r wathfyrdd yma sydd wedi bod yn rhaid i ddechrau. Rhaid i chi ddweud cyfnodol? Roedd cymaint yw'r cwrddol yn cyflawn i gael gyfaint o'r gweithio gyda'r ffaxiwnnig yn y cwrddol yn y cyfaint o'r ddweud. Rydych yn ddweud ond yw'r cyffin. Rwy'n gwybod gwnewch i'r ddweud o'r rai'r cyfriddol, mae hwn yn ysgrifennu o'r cyfriddol yn 2014, rydw i'n gweithio'r cyfriddol yn llwylo'r cyfriddol, ac mae'r cyfriddol yn ddweud o'r ddweud o'r cyfriddol yn y cyfriddol yn eu ddweud. mae'n gweithio i gael ei wneud amlun o'i ddweud a fyddai'n fwyaf o'r ddweud ar y dyfodol. Yn amlunio'r ffordd ar y dyfodol, y gynhyrch ar y gyfer y Ddweud y Pathogon yw'r gweithio'r holl yn yn ymryd i ddweud, mae'r ddweud yn ôl y 5 miliwn. Mae'n gwneud i'r gweithio'r cyflaenau yma sy'n iddyn ni'n gweld yma o Rhôl sydd yn dweud o'r cyflaenau. Ond beth oedd yn gweithredu llwytu'r grwp o'r llyfr hwnurion o'r 11 o'r 80% deithas. Felly, mae'n ddweud y dyma'r dweud o'r Llyfrgellach Gwbligol, mae bod yn cael ei gwybodaeth yn credu cyfnodol ar y cwmbrir. Felly, oherwydd ei gweithredu yn credu cyfnodol ar y cwmbrir, mae'n cael ei rydw i'r ddysgu'r syni. Felly, mae'n cyfeilio'r cyfeilio'r cyfnodol ac'r cyfnodol cyfnodol mae'r bwysig sy'n gweithio i ddim yn gwneud y ddechrau sydd yn gwneud yn cyffredinol gyda'r bobl yn ymlog. Felly mae'n tynnu ychydig fyddiwch ar gyfer y model. Fyny'n gwych i'r gofio, ydych yn ymwylo ymweld yna, fel y gweithio'n gweithio a'r unig, sy'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio sy'n gweithio'n gweithio. Maent yn ymweithio, yna oherwydd mae'n amgylched a'r cyffredinol around the world, it's been made locally to define specifications. So can vaccines work in that way? One part of the solution is RNA vaccines because they can be made by a fully synthetic process without requiring culture of cells or infectious material. Most importantly, they can be made in a matter of weeks, a concept that we're exploring with CEPI, this partnership for preventing outbreaks. Now RNA vaccines work by identifying the coat surface of a pathogen, encoding it in the synthesized RNA, and then that's injected into your muscle and the muscle makes the vaccine. So imagine your muscle becomes the factory that makes the vaccine, that triggers your immune system to make protective white cells and antibodies. Now this technology offers four important advantages. First rapid response, then you can include multiple vaccines in the same technology, even within the same shot. It has a low infrastructure cost and a low manufacturing footprint. So it's ideal for a distributed manufacturing network. Imagine a process that's really very reproducible. Essentially it's synthesized RNA, which is code made out of the same building blocks, whether it's a vaccine against Ebola or Zika virus. This technology is not completely new. It's already being used successfully in the cancer field. So what we want to do is ensure that it can be used for outbreaks and pandemics. So now instead of having a very complicated manufacturing site that ships things around the world, it allows us to envisage developing modular vaccine production units that are networked together, something that we are prototyping in the future vaccine manufacturing research hub that I lead at Imperial College. Now, if this is such a great idea, why hasn't it been done before? Why isn't pharma doing it? Well, first of all, it would be very disruptive to traditional business models and second, responding to outbreaks is not seen as commercially attractive. So we need to completely reimagine the way we make vaccines for these outbreaks and pandemics. So how would it work in practice? You'd have a network of production units and in the event of an outbreak that all focus their response on making a vaccine against that pathogen. At other times, there'd be free to manufacture vaccines that are relevant to their regional location. Now, the benefits are really real because everybody then becomes invested in the process. The vaccine would be standardized globally, but manufactured locally. So instead of countries waiting in line for the vaccine, they'd been powered to make it themselves and provide protection for their own citizens. So what do we need to make this actually a reality? Well, first of all, we need an international partnership and not for profit franchise and a mechanism for rapid approval. But most importantly, we would need a global commitment to support and fund this vision. Thank you very much.