 Good afternoon everybody. It's my great pleasure to be here to present current situation about the water and wastewater issues in Vietnam. Thank you very much for the occasion to invite me to for greater pleasure. So topic of my presentation is emerging water and wastewater issues in Vietnam, multi-dimensional challenges for sustainable development. Vietnam, this we have abandoned water resources and this is when we water, it can be very important key factor for development in order to achieve SDG sustainable development goals. We agriculture activities, we depend a lot and water use is extensively for the agriculture. Same for the aquaculture, since we have very long coastal zone and aquaculture is also important contribution for GDP in Vietnam. For energy, hydro power still remain the most important source for for the current situation for the electric generation and the last but not least is about the urban area. We have very rapid rapid urbanization and water demand is increased very fast for urban water uses. But what the supply, insurance of Vietnam is only missed 70% of demand which account for 25 to 30 million of urban populations. And for over the last 3D cases Vietnam, we put a lot of effort for water facilities and it's contribute for the development of the country. But on the vice versa the development of the country also put great pressure on the water resource in terms of water pollution or water shortage and today's topic I would like to talk about the water issues which has been very young industry with the fourth waste water project start in 2006, so almost 15 years ago. So this is the finger for the urban waste water management. In this finger, you can see that for urban water use the total waste water cheaters safely. Safely cheaters is only about 10, 10 percent, not more than 15 percent for the updated statistical number. And the rest is the safety, we have vacant slush from septic tank and safety, safely disposal is estimated only 4 percent. The rest together with the septic and remaining waste water is seen unsafely disposed into the ambient environment. So for the urban waste water, we have currently we have around 40, 39 central waste water treatment plants and among the treatment technology utilized is the majority is activated slush, combined both conventional or modern like SBR or oxygen dish. The remaining is the phone to the category of taking filters, phone technology, primary sedimentation, which occur only like a 20 percent of the technology selection. For industries and other waste water achievement is the finger a bit better, but for the craft release, we have almost no waste water achievement plant in almost 5,000 chest craft release and this is really hot severe environment and source for the environment. Slush of sea waste is not being treated or not there are any appropriate treatment technology so far. First open many issue for waste water management. I would like to pick up the poor planning for waste water management first. The location of treatment facility in the catchment area or implementation of the discharge concern in catchment area is not well managed. For example, we have the network, sea waste network, then this is the centralized ones and go to the treatment plant and then discharge to the river and normally in Vietnam environment law considers the source of the water. We apply the discharge standard type B, class B. That's the lower class for the water resource. But in the catchment area, we have many decentralized treatment system that come from like a condominium or five-star hotels or commercial centers and it's required by law. Normally we have to treat by tire. You've got this much higher requirement and the effluent go to the network, collection network and then go to treatment plant again. So this kind of network is very common in Vietnam and even for the authority, they still have difficulty to solve it. This is open canal. The main function in the city is for waste water delivery. So it brings a lot of problems for the people, urban people and in the future when the project, many projects is in preparation and waste water is being collected by interceptor system. The canine will get dry because the major source is the waste water. And the planning doesn't take into account the value of the water in the city. So this is a situation in Vietnam. The other issue is the improper development of sea waste collection system. The network in Vietnam more than 80% is combined sea waste system that receive both waste water and rain water. And the provision of centralized sea waste system sometimes it needs huge investment and also other many factors anticipate. We make project delay for sometimes many years and all let the project or the plan working under design capacity. We have many lessons learned in the past, like in Hanoi or fully in Hanoi and bring in central province. The design and management of urban drainage and network also is not good. So flooding prone area is very common appear and clogging all the problems for seawall. Treatment technology also the major concern. Treatment selection does not only agree with the specific requirement such as the weak influence condition because of we have combined system. The process design sometimes ignores the nature of the flow and loading. So it's low loading with limit or no benefit to like primary tanks or last and no sick tanks are called settling slush. The other issue is the frequently changing effluent standard of Vietnamese government over the last 20 years. We use to change the effluent standard for five times and it's great uncertainty in terms of technology applications especially for the natural and food for us contents. It's very strength, very high requirement. So that hams the limitation application of technology relate to the anaerobic or anoxic technology. And in many projects the simple and alternative technology or applications not are less consider which may bring benefit for the energy consumption saving and consumable demand. One of the hot topic for Vietnam mega city is frequent slash management. There are no effective frequent slash management in place in Vietnam. Some frequent waste is brought to landfills when it's under our basic treatment and it's not really appropriate and no owns any local monitoring or regulation on the product. Other issue is in investment and finance and mechanism for water waste water management. Over the last 20 years Vietnamese government together with support from foreign government and development agency we have already put 2.1 billion in development of infrastructure related to sanitation. And in order to provide 100% of urban population with clean sanitation we need about 10 billion more according to estimation from the World Bank. And for now almost it's based on the 80% is based on the ODA funding where the public funding is not enough. And private sector participation is considered is risky because recovery is very low or uncertainties. Problematic land for infrastructure is happened in Vietnam and now the government just stopped this for I mean two months ago to stop this program. There has been lack of achievement in recovering of OPEX for the operation cost. So this finger shows our wastewater or water tariffs at the low level and cannot recover the real expense. For some discussion I would like to talk about the achievement technology selections. We have to say that thousand coming years the combined system remains reasonable in high populated area we cannot change to other types like a separate system. So phasing in investment for wastewater treatment plans can lead more effective use of limited funding with treatment responsive to actions influence conditions. And the formulation of design and urban management is very important. So wastewater treatment technology section it needs to be considered number of categories which one of the important is able to meet the discharge consent especially in terms of the nutrients compound. For the institutional arrangement and capacity development we is lack of and we need to develop with the regulators who understandings appropriate compliance such as monitoring campaigns reporting requirements establish the monitoring and basic standard for reuse of slash is needed. For investment I mentioned before step by investment is very important to utilize efficiencies of assisting finance resources mobilizing the additional and innovative form of the domestic and international finance is important. So we think that enhancement of PPP public service private sectors or provides enhancement of the private investor finance commitment by local authorities needed to ensure long-term effectiveness that is being seen ignore for the current situation and what the suggestion we need to prepare the urban sanitation strategy for each city or local province tariff collection yes it should be required to rise tariff to fully recover the wastewater conveys treatment and by block hand handling and provide roadmap for the required increase of tariff. For the institutions we need single body to manage a network and our suggestions network and treatment facility because it cannot work separately and have to defy the appropriate model for O&M service provider company. There are several model in Vietnam's current situation like in Binh Duong city the one company they interest in own water service wastewater and solid waste and they can mobilize the resource and this is really good examples. There are also one private company Fudian they take care about the O&M work for about 12 wastewater treatment facility in more than six mega city in Vietnam I can say mega city but big city in Vietnam but the most common is the separate company they manage water separate with the wastewater and the last issue is effective slash management yeah I would like to emphasize again the formalized management of slash is important and we need to promote to weather as a safety management and sewage work and many centralized wastewater land now they modify the plan to receive and so the African slash or safety tanks slash to call treatment in this plant so for the conclusions I'd like to pick up here again that whereas considerable investment had been made in the center the improvement is needed with respect to the environment and public health and so method for investment planning and efficiency for the services must be improved using appropriate technology will increase effectiveness of the investment and reduce long-term operating cost to consider the facing approach I would like to emphasize and new idea more initiatives are needed to speed up the process and more scientific base and practical policy it is very important for Vietnam. Yeah I stop here with the emphasize that we need more promoting the resource activity and implementation that will help the center to develop sustainably so this is end of my presentation thank you very much for your attention.