 You are listening to the podcast of the Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society. We report on the leading role that new technologies play in the context of the Global Information Society, interviewing academics and industry leaders. Okay, good morning. You are a researcher in the area of open innovation and open science. What is behind this topic? Open innovation has been an extremely high-relevant topic in the last decade where you actually open up your corporate innovation process to external partners. Open science is actually the very front end of the innovation process where you actually share your knowledge in an open way with your colleagues. Open access is a specific way where you actually publish your results and the crowd is actually evaluating it. So there is no closed, sometimes intransparent peer-review process. There might be an issue of intellectual properties. If someone gives ideas in, for example, an internet-based platform, so how could we handle this? Yes, IP is a very big issue in this whole open science process because there is the issue of who belongs it. Typically, if you agree in an open access journal, for example, you have actually to sign that the results are openly shared and it belongs to the community. Okay, and are there a lot of companies who are using open innovation and are there special branches or a special size of company who is using open innovation right now? As an open innovation has actually arrived in the electronic industry, in the software industry, the open source development community actually very much pushed the open innovation thinking forward. Other industries like more traditional low-tech industries in the machinery industry, for example, they are slower but they are catching up at the same time. Do you have any successful example of companies using open innovation and doing more business or improving the business? Actually, in terms of the history, Cisco actually was one of the first open innovators by their acquisition strategy. They actually out-innovate at that time the largest research lab of the world, the Bell Labs of AT&T, and they actually started. Today we have a lot of other companies like Siemens who has been known as a pretty close technology-based insight firm and they right now open up their innovation process from a corporate level. A procton example is actually very much following a connect and develop strategy where more than 50% of the innovation ideas should actually arise from the external environment. If we are leaving the company area and coming to the more political side or the side where citizens could be involved in legal issue processes, so do you know any country or part of the country who is using open innovation and open science for innovating or participating with the citizens? Well, the area where I come from and Switzerland, we are quite advanced actually in terms of applying it because the direct democracy is actually very much supported by this internet-based involvement of the people. So there are different areas, however, there are also restrictions. If you vote in terms of political issues, there are actually limits of the crowdsourcing. Okay, so we are just starting the new institute, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, and so we are very interested in gathering all the main research questions even in this topic. So from your point of, from your experience, what are the main research questions we should try to answer? Well, I would especially like to emphasize the front end of the innovation process or the science part of the innovation process, and I think there are still a lot of gaps. One gap, first gap is the acceptance of us as the researcher community which is not there in different areas. If you look to the quantum physics, there's a very high acceptance in that field of publishing in the open science areas. If you see the economic field, there's much less acceptance actually. So how to increase acceptance, how to keep quality standards, how to address actually peer recognition. These are areas where a lot of scientists actually don't participate. There was an experiment at nature, at the journal Nature, which actually started and was very much disappointed how little authors had been really willing to share actually their results in a very early stage in an open science-based review platform. Okay, so we hope that we can support improvement in this area. So thank you very much for your answers.