 Lutein and Zexanthin are two types of carotenoids found in highly pigmented vegetables and fruits. Lutein is selectively accumulated in the brain compared to other carotenoids, suggesting it may have important roles in cognitive functioning. However, there is limited research on the role of lutein in young children, despite the fact that structural brain development occurs during this period. This study examined the relationship between lutein intake and cognition in 160 children aged 5.6 to 5.9 years old. The results suggest that lutein intake is positively correlated with lutein levels in the blood, but does not appear to be related to measures of cognition. Further research is needed to determine whether lutein can play a role in cognitive development in young children. This article was authored by Kelly A. Mulder, Sheila Eminus, Bettina F. Rasmussen and others.