 All right, so I'm going to ask you if you can't take your seat because we're going to start again We run a tight ship here on trying to keep on schedule So as we begin I want to thank general Wilson for joining us a little bit of background on him He is a command pilot with more than 4500 flying hours and 680 combat hours supporting operations Iraqi freedom and during freedom and combine Joint Task Force Horn of Africa Prior to his current assignment as vice chief of staff of the Air Force He was deputy commander of us strategic command. So he brings a very diverse set of experiences To the table and so I want to use that as a way of Opening up with the first question where I'd like to ask you to take the long view What will be the same and what will be different in air warfare? Ten years out. So it's 2028. What is the same? What is different? Yeah, Peter. Maybe I even switch a question a little bit and say it's gonna be bigger than air warfare So I think you know the general nature and of war in many many ways won't change but I think fundamentally the nature of war will change and in Exponential ways and let me articulate just a second. So I think the you've heard us talk about Trans-regional multi-domain multi-component both urban and connected and speed is what's gonna be different I talk about today being a transformative time for our nation that we're going through a period of Disruption politically economically socially and technologically and that's happening globally Any one of those areas are tough, but when you combine all four of those together I think it makes for exponential disruption Leading that on the bottom is this technological piece that we've seen this pace of change It's just going nearly vertical. All right, and just you look today. What's happening? 5g wireless you connected devices We think there's you know in the neighborhood of 30 billion connected devices that changes lots of things So what I used to say is or say is an industrial age we won Industrial age speed won yesterday's war Digital age speed went tomorrow's war and that's what actually the Air Force is really pretty good about speed We say speed wins and whether it's speed of delivery of relief supplies after a hurricane or or whether we're protecting the homeland Owning the high ground of air and space Projecting combat power forward speed and training speed and preparation speed and developing capabilities Speed wins. So what I see changing is is those? multi-domain multi-component urban and connected Transregional fights that are going to happen and it won't just be an airpiece will be connected to all those So one of the aspects that speed drives is a push to a topic that we've already hit on in a couple of panels today We're definitely going to hit on others is machine learning artificial intelligence the idea that the machine can Take in more information and or make a decision quicker than the human can and we've seen that in everything from stock markets to it's being explored in warfare and I want to pull that thread a little bit further and connect it to work that we've had going on here at New America and Our Digi China sorry Digi China and Eastern Arsenal projects the look at the fact that Artificial intelligence is a key new area for the economy a key new area for war But the United States has competitors in it and in particular Chinas have been doing a huge amount of work. So What do you see as the applications for AI within the Air Force and then secondly? What are you doing to make sure that you keep pace or don't fall behind or stay ahead? However, you want to frame it What do you do with the fact that we have a competitor in a way that we haven't seen in the last generation? technologically when it comes to AI yeah We're we'd say there certainly are the competitors out there We talk frequently with Eric Smith and the defense innovation board as they come and tell us the things that they're doing and look at What we're doing they're helping us One example is project Maven so to set the record straight what we're doing with project Maven is we're trying to take Things that are routine Processing of pictures and how can I do that better and Eric would tell me you you may have an Intel analyst and after Some period of time of training he can he or she can get it right 75% of the time He said I have average computers that can look through a thousand pictures a minute with 99% accuracy So how could I how could I leverage this human machine teaming and let computers do what computers are good at and let humans Do what humans are good at and then to figure out the insights and the why and the analysis Versus repetitive tasks that I have people joining on today about but it is and make no debate on this this or Where artificial intelligence is heading so I've been traveling around listening to some folks going to some of our great Academia universities was out at Carnegie Mellon recently and seeing some of the work that they're doing Seeing what our industry partners are doing But I think it's going to take all of us working together across academia across industry across the departments Across all the national labs and that FF already sees and bringing that together in this competition with AI because That's in fact what are what China's doing. So if you look at what the companies like Alibaba or Baydow or Tencent are doing they're investing a lot of money and they're using a whole of nation approach for it So we're gonna have to compete to win and that again That's why I think we can come together across the different areas bring those together to stay in the lead in artificial intelligence machine learning In your career, did you ever have to deal with an adversary that had better technology? I? haven't Now I tell you that I've we've got adversaries today that can take you know Technology that we wouldn't normally think about as being Cutting edge and do and do things with it and adapt it in ways that we we didn't expect And I'll use an example from a couple years ago when I was visiting my counterpart in Canada And I'd had an assignment there. We're catching up about kids And he said his son was going to college in King's College And he was getting a degree in mechanical engineering, but he goes he's not really interested in that. He's really interested in FPV That's it. What is that? I don't know what you're talking about. He said well, it's first-person view I said, okay, I still don't know what you're talking about He goes oh, it's where kids it's a rage on college campuses where kids are putting on augmented reality headsets And they're racing their their UAVs. Well, they're in this dorm room. They're racing their UAVs in the auditorium Well, I started googling it and it blew my mind of what's going on. Well that today is Transition to the Middle East, right? And so now that's what people like ISIS do today. They don't have to buy a MQ1 or an MQ9. They can buy a DJI Fennifor made in China Which has got a 4k resolution camera and they can use it to command and control They can use it to do things that we didn't think Didn't think like that. It's a thousand dollar piece of equipment Right, so that's where this is another what I call the quadruple convergence, right? So we've got this technology that can make capability with global access and often can be put in hands and malicious intent And so that's where we have to think differently about this challenge going forward I want to connect to things you brought up So we we talked about AI and then you mentioned the difference between MQ1 MQ9 and An important moment happened in kind of future of war history this last year So we saw the retirement of the MQ1 the you know, we poured one out for the predator drone And moved to MQ9 What is the future of? What the Air Force? Lovingly calls RPAs what the rest of us called drones. What does it look like when it comes to autonomy and To maybe make it a little bit more pointed General Mcconville from the army side earlier today told us that a human will always be in the loop What does in the loop look like for the Air Force in the future when it comes to RPA UAS drone? Whatever we want to call it. Where is the human role? What are they doing flesh out what it means to be in the loop? Yeah, so we're exploring with our research lab what that looks like and autonomous Operations and does that mean one individuals now? Controlling three or four or five or some number of autonomous vehicles rather than just one or a couple people controlling just one So how do we take this again human machine teaming? How can we do things? To where I Can take advantage of autonomous systems that can help sense and report back and again. I'm going through my little Mindset of what the future looks like and I think it looks a little bit like this There's certainly a data aspect piece of this And I think you know we all would agree maybe that data is a new oil of the 21st century But with that data, I got to be able to have the right algorithms to connect the data Under and understand the data to a network I think the clouds are part of this and I think compute on the edge is a part of this And how do I do enhance capabilities on the edge so that I don't have to have big pipes everywhere? But I think that this as we look at that network That connects cloud to edge connects the data in the algorithms. That's where we're now looking at how we do that How do we rapidly experiment and prototype with capabilities using that using those? attributes moving forward so I want you to Do a little bit of imaginary for us so you laid out a vision for the future Air Force Cloud computing on the edge and the light What is an adversary doing response to that? So, you know, we develop a long-range strike they develop Surface-to-air missiles, you know, there's always the back-and-forth What do you expect the counters to be to the future Air Force that you're building? Yeah, so we need to have an agile Network to be able to you know, we're putting a lot of emphasis you've heard general gophine talk about a multi-demand operations And how do I build a next-generation? OODA loop the OODA loop 2.0. It is able to sense globally understand The situation and then provide effects across multiple domains At a time and scale in place that our adversaries can't keep up with So with that I need to build a network that connects the from geosynchronous orbit all the way to subsurface All of our different platforms So here's a here's a vision that I think about You we see people driving Tesla's every Tesla's network to every other Tesla So if Tesla is driven on the road in front of you and hits a pothole You know that that potholes there and it's the Tesla's in the auto mode It will avoid that pothole if it's in the self-driving mode It will actually adjust the suspension on the car to take an account that pothole Well, if I can do that for a Tesla, then could I do that for and say maybe a tank an MRAP a home v a ground vehicle? If I can do it there, can I do that same thing in the air? Can I connect all the air vehicles so that they're passing information? Relevant information about throughout adversary and build an operating learning system. Can I do that same thing in space? And then can I connect space to air to ground to surface to subsurface? So having a resilient network that's sharing information Is is what we're going to try and drive to because I think the an adversary is going to try and deny us Information or there's something maybe we talked about at dinner last night when we started doubting the Truthfulness the trust of the information and it puts the fog and friction in there weaponizing that information to make sure So you know what truth is will be important in the future So you brought up space. What is? the space environment Space domain. What do battles look like? What does the Air Force look like in? 2028 when it comes to space. What is it doing? Who's in charge? How is it training for it? Yeah, great points is that we're having lots of space discussions Across the nation what I think is really healthy about is we're all in alignment from the White House to Congress to OSD joint staff allies partners industry about we have the Our Space Force today is the envy of the world Right the United States Air Force is responsible for 90% of that We also know our adversaries have also seen that and seen that space is essential for any joint warfight Whether it be indications of warning whether it be misalert whether it be communication whether it be GPS down the list of capabilities that it provides our nation So we need to be able to defend space So space is a contested domain and we need to a understand that and then look at how would how would I? Provide the capabilities in the past. We it wasn't right So I don't want to work go to space But I also need to have the ability to defend my assets in space So we're gonna build a force that does just that we're looking at everything from the bottom end How do I train space operators and general J Raymond out of space command is working really hard on basing building this space a Mission force that that understands the environment and is able to think war fighting To do the build-up of our operators and the the other part is how do we acquire space capabilities faster? Lots of effort in that endeavor from the deputy secretary defense Keen interests and how do I again build capabilities faster? How do I partner with industry? How do I push down milestone decision authorities? How do I use things like other transactional authorities? How do I do things like we've done in the rapid capabilities office for space again? To bring on space capabilities much faster. So that's what we're doing. We're building a defendable architecture Certainly industry Commercial or allies and partners are part of this But the other key part of this is how essential space is to all of us in the joint war fight So I'm good. I'm gonna tug at this a little bit more. I'm not gonna let you get away with this so in 2028 What is the US satellite architecture look like is it lots of? small cheap satellites or is it a small number of Capable exquisite ones. Yeah, Peter. I tell you it's it's it's maybe both and we're looking through that right here Wait for both good Maybe here's here. Here's here. Here's the maybe part out Right, it's it's it's are you designing something to last for 20 years? Are you designing something the last for five years and there's a big price point difference and how you do that So if we're in 2028, we've got to make that decision now. So which do we do? We're starting to meet. Well, we're working through understanding that and getting buying and consensus across our All our different departments on what that exactly looks like and I think there'll be a mixture of both I think we'll again look at what commercials look doing today and the different companies that are We're gonna do a internet thousand consolation Internet as we need to be part of that look at what folks like Planet Lab are doing. They're doing things differently with small sats Right, I think we'll be part of that. I also think Capabilities to do some of the things that we need to do aren't gonna be like that They're gonna be bigger more costly and we need to be able to protect and defend those What is it's a combination of probably of both? What does space warfare look like in? 2028 is it as now where I'm using assets in space to communicate or Look down, so it's part of the battle space, but there's no conflict there or in 2028 is there actual Conflict there and what does it look like? Is it you know, is it I'll let you fill in the blanks So, you know, you've probably heard Jill John height and I think he's got a great answer to this He goes there's no such thing as space war There's war right and an adversary is gonna try and deny us the capabilities that we're gonna rely on to To be able to win and the joint team the joint force needs to have Spaces a big part of that equation today on what we do globally and to be able to do the things that I talked about earlier on A global scale. I need to be able to have the ability to sense Observe act and decide on a time and scale faster than our adversaries and that today that requires space And everything from like like I said from GPS for a precision navigation or timing to a communication to our sensing It's gonna require space. So what does it look like? We have to be able to protect it to defend it and we have to be able to turn in space so that There's no real easy answer on this was it looked like I think that any adversary is gonna look at how Reliant we are on our capabilities and try and affect that. That's why we're working hard to defend space It's one of the big efforts moving forward So let's go nuclear. It's 2028 What does the B 21? I don't want to ask what it looks like. What is the B 21? Program look like at that point 10 years out from now 10 years out from now. We've we'll have taken delivery of our first Models there we'll be producing them and hopefully to A nice clip The two years after the initial operating capability of the airplane We will have nuclear certified it and so we'll have a capability to have a dual capable platform in our B 21 I just went out with the secretary deputy secretary defense in the north of team We did it, you know one day deep dive on the B 21 and we're in the preliminary design phase It's coming along very well. We think we've got a good team both government and industry On this program. It's really important to all of us so we're spending time really deep diving in Secretary Shanahan wanted to go out and get an immersion in that and that's what we did We're needing the balance that don't I just you know because I always get asked a question about the transparency on the B 21 And I want to make sure that we're as transparent as we can possibly be with those cleared members of Congress and their staff who we Have shown all the details on the B 21. We're balancing that with making sure our adversaries Don't learn things in advance of what we're trying to For operational security to not let them know and so that's where the balance becomes on the B 21 Okay, so the general has been very kind to agree to do something a little bit different Which is we're now going to have a Twitter lightning round and Basically this weekend. I let social media know that I would be interviewing him and ask for questions from them so We've got a series of questions and he's agreed to give answers in Lesson 280 words. No, no not words characters It's Twitter not Facebook that we've learned, you know only a couple of old people will read okay, so first question is from At Dan suckman, which is what is the future of CAS? What is the future of CAS close air support close air support? I think it's It's an important mission set for our Air Force We're going to continue to be invested in making sure we can protect our Ground forces that we thought was kind of a moral obligation for us to be able to do that We also have to be able to do it both Contested all the way through Uncontested all the way through contested and so we're developing capabilities that do just that I'll use this So it's important to us sorry 20 280 characters are way too long You say CAS is important and it's got to work contested and uncontested. Yes. Hashtag Air Force Hashtag Air Force. I got it now. Okay. I'm on track now. Got it short answers 280 characters important. Okay, so the takeaway on that is contested and uncontested. Okay, so next one is from at Roli polio lists What kind of changes if any are needed to Air Force spending and acquisitions? Both in process and priorities We need to change How we do requirements? How we do acquisition contracting budgeting and testing Speed wins. I got to compress the timeline hashtag speed wins. All right At KW Collins Should there be a separate space force? Why or why not? More to follow. We think we have a good the world's greatest space force today. We're gonna make it even better Okay Similar one from at Fleischer underscore P. What kind of new space assets should the US develop to counter China and Russia? What kind of new space assets? We need to have defendable space assets and a resilient architecture that can Continue to make sure we dominate in space in 2028 Okay, this was my personal favorite of all of them at KJ Degs Will the Air Force ever replace ellipticals and vending machines with enough squat racks to actually get a leg day in or is the Air Force all doomed to chicken legs at the base gym. I Think he's talking about my legs. He's seen me at the gym. I chicken legs Change chicken legs note. Okay, it's clearly an Air Force officer. All right. Okay at J. Byerley 81 As other nations sorry as other countries invest in AI and drone development to increase the speed at which decisions are made How will the US Air Force keep pace? Yeah, we're gonna not only keep pace but dominate in how we do that It's gonna take a whole of government approach to this industry academia national labs in our department working together Hashtag speed wins Okay, we've got some tough questions here at Joe Plins. Sorry, Plinsler Why did US Air Force leadership severely limit press engagement? What responsibilities do service chiefs have to communicate with taxpayers? Yeah, we we want to be Transparent as we possibly can with the American public. We did not limit communication What we wanted to do is make sure all of our folks understand operational security and making sure we're not getting giving adversaries advantages that they don't need to have Okay at frantic goat the US Air Force and the A&G have evaluated a 29 and or the AT-6C nearly half a dozen times in the past decade How can the US Air Force need more data before deciding how to proceed on its latest light attack program? Yeah So we're doing an exercise this summer with both airplanes. We want to understand The maintenance required a number of people required to support logistics infrastructure to be able to do that And then we think we'll be able to make a decision in the fall It's take a program that would normally take years to buy and from idea to to buy in the airplane under three years Hashtag speed wins. All right F Fletch Williams. How is contracting to private companies balanced with maintaining appropriate national security? checks and limitations to information access Yeah We need to look hard at how we do Getting the right access for the right people at the right time But also this operational security piece behind that we've had lots of challenges with lots of clear defense contractors that Information is has gotten out. That's got to change. We got to figure out how we do that differently Okay, so let's take it from cyberspace back to human or meat space and we're gonna take questions from here So please raise your hand wait for the mic to come and identify yourself Right there no no no right Hi general Wilson, this is Oriana Pollock from military comm. Thanks for doing this I wanted to see if you had any comments regarding the hike in Aviation accidents the report that's out there for military times this morning You know talking about the future talking about readiness But what about the right now that the spike has been seen that there has been some, you know Grave indifference on on what's been going on out there and in aviation. I mean could you comment regarding? What the Air Force's portion of that is and how you plan to build up that readiness so, you know fatal accidents do not occur Well, let me set the record straight any accident and any class a accident Is one too many and we spent a lot of time making sure that we have the safest program that we possibly can For those who don't know we can we talk class a's we talk as a dollar figure or loss of life So our safest year ever was 2014 2017 was our second safest year So our class a mishaps have been trending down What's been trending up and was reported was our class C mishaps and those are lower category Mishaps lower dollar figure, but still a concern to all of us And so we've got our safety professionals digging into it seeing if there's any noticeable trends that we have And in our classy mishap rates But but did your broader question of readiness were intensely focused on improving readiness We brought together a team Of about 50 people we sequester them in the Pentagon for six weeks and we looked at readiness to the lens of What can we do to drive the readiness of the Air Force faster? And move the timeline left. I used to say how long to take to make an eight-year master sergeant And that's about how long it's gonna take us to improve our readiness. We think we can do it faster We're gonna look at how do we target? specific squadrons with the right both people with the right experience mix with the right Flying hours and infrastructure to be able to support pacing squatters that to move the readiness need a left But we've had a very big team looking at it. We've briefed it up to the leadership I think they are all really can see the efforts that we're making and it's been a Like the trajectory that we're on to improve our readiness. Okay, so we got the middle Let's go to the left here in the front right here Thank you, Patrick Tucker with the fence one the pushback from the Google developer community about the project Maven partnership has certainly caught Google off guard I wonder if you could tell us What's the most important lesson learned for the Air Force from that now very public pushback and has it affected? The way at the Air Force is working project Maven and has it affected any potential future partnerships with Google or similar firms Yeah, I guess the lesson learners make sure we're all understand the right side picture This is we're using it's a department effort with OSD Which the Air Force is a part of to be able to look at how do we automate things that the repetitive task That humans spend a lot of time doing that the machine learning can do differently So today we're looking at how do I look through full-motion video and be able to determine is that a car? Is that a person is that a house? That's what the project Maven effort isn't doing To be able then to turn around and say make sure that people understand what it's not right. It is not weaponizing it's not Using machines in a targeting function. We're fully compliant with all the US regulations policies and laws And that we've had industry partnered with us moving forward And we continue we're gonna need industry all of us are in industry to help us Moving forward as we again compete deter when on this new national defense strategy and our industry partners have been very helpful in this which so bottom line learned is communication and being able to People to understand the message of what exactly we're trying to do moving forward It's someone on the right here Yeah, right there I'm Mike King Graham a defense fellow with Congressman Rob Bishop So we talked a lot about in 2028 about systems will bring online to face our adversaries But what about talent management making sure we're recruiting the right people retaining the right people in a very competitive job market who have very Markable skills to be able to fight our awards in 2028 Yeah, that's a really important question We're all in this hunt for talent every one of us And so we have to find ways to reduce the barriers from people The you know, you see them like I do I get to go out and meet these folks are young people that are just Simply amazing right so I got to find a way to make it easy for them to come into service And then to be able to to trans have this transport ability through the different services or agencies Who want to be part of it? I was telling a story backstage When I'll call the four great captains here's an example so At our squadron officer school the command on asked for a shark take Shark tank like events with ideas and he said the best idea will get to the chief of staff for the Air Force Unfortunately, the chief has gone that day and I got to listen to their idea. First of all, their idea was unbelievable It's today. I'm gonna go visit here at the end of the week They're up in Boston doing a tech accelerator to help us on a really challenging problem set Called them the four great captains here's an example of one of the captains And they were all of this caliber. He got his degree from Rensselaer polytech He then went to the Air Force nuclear weapons center. They recognized his talent They sent him to MIT to get his PhD while he was at MIT getting his PhD He got his MBA from Harvard on the side and while he did that he set up a venture capital company That was named as one of the top 100 venture capital companies in America These four captains were spending 50 hours a week in their spare time on this problem because they were really Passionate about doing this and fixing a problem, right? I got to unleash that talent that exists all over and what I've seen is is these these young people at all these Universities they've got their great energy and passion. They want to make a difference So I got to find a way to make it easy for them to come in and serve And then based on there's the life conditions and what's going on They may need to take a break and go do something else But then I got to make it really easy for them to come back in and this this is a really important question For the whole government, right? How do we do this? So we reduce the barriers for entry and then how do we make it easy so people who want to serve can serve So in these examples where there's a shark tank or there's something really interesting that comes out of one of the war fighting labs of the like The story that then it's often told is really cool idea and then it died somewhere along the Valley of Death What changes need to happen? There's obviously policy changes that you can undertake, but there's also legal changes. There's a need for legislation What are the types of legislation or legal changes that you see are needed to? Make more of these innovative ideas Survive the Valley of Death and become programs of record So here's an example so as we do the typical Requirements process now and I sit on the J Rock with General Selva who chairs it we go through a process I'm gonna come to call it the capability base assessment to initial capabilities document to analysis alternatives to a CDD before I get a milestone decision on a program right that time period can take Years right in many cases five to eight years to go through that piece All right way too long All right, so I've got to be able to to take to do a Experiment to a rapid prototype to say is that good enough? And can I make a milestone decision here to move forward? And so I'd say it's almost going back to what we used to do in the late 50s and the 60s with the sensory series fighters All right, how can I how can I put out capability different capability that's modified every three to five years with a? Pipeline and an industrial base behind that we haven't been doing that Right, so we I think we have to get back to that on the requirements piece We will we have to change it we also have to change how we do the acquisition piece And we got lots of people focused on that we haven't hit the contracting piece All right, I can't take two years to get something on contract I can't take four or five years to test something right? It will be obsolete before it's fielded because at the end of that I put it in the hands of somebody who can do something Well, then I got to train the operators, right? So I've got to get on this pace and scale of capability development and go from what we've currently been doing for the last You know 20 plus years and shrink that down to a timeline. That's one quarter That what we've been doing in the past. Let's give someone in the back a chance to this question Yeah, right there in the white. Yeah Hi general listen, Rachel Karris was inside the Air Force So the Air Force recently said that it's looking at keeping the U2 until 2100 And you're also, you know working on ways to keep start to be clear 2100 like a century from now correct Make sure I'm keeping the B 52. No the U2 U2. Yeah dragon lady But you're also looking at ways to keep the RQ for on par with that So I'm curious now that you're looking at Slepping Global Hawk. Are you trying to keep them on the same timeline? You know, what is your plan for Global Hawk as that whole sort of high altitude enterprise moves forward? Yeah, so I don't know if anybody's ever come online saying we're keeping the U2 till 2100 I certainly haven't what we what we do think is we need this high altitude capacity both from the RQ for and the U2 today. So can I It's a capacity issue. So I need both of them to do the type of things To be able to provide the information they provide on a global scale. So we're trying to get the sensors right between Each different platform. We've got lots of service life left on the U2 And we we certainly have got plenty of service life left on the RQ for But I think it's a capacity issue of which we need both Okay, let's get a couple more questions right here And in between I really want to know the conflict scenarios and the year 2100, you know Will the U2 be operating against the Arturi Empire and the like Hi, so my question is how do you deal with the ethics of autonomous weapons? Well, it's all of us. I think something we need to be thinking through like that I I'm if the Army vice chief said it I'll probably be the guy that repeats it that we think there's a human in the loop on All things we're not gonna have autonomous weapons. We say just go do what you but I think we need to Think through that question that you just asked about how much autonomy Where do we provide the autonomy? but make no mistake that the the the world In the world that we're moving in in the world that the This transformation is happening in technology Artificial intelligence and machine learning will be a key part of lots of things that we do It's impacting every part of our life And certainly impacting us here in the military So how do we how do we do again when machines are really good at? How do I team with humans with humans are really good at how do I keep a person in the loop and Define what is in the loop? And to provide the again to me It's the insights and the understanding in the in the why and For the what that machines can help provide us with but it's an important question I think we all need to be thinking through can I want to pin you down a little bit more on this in the in the human in the loop say in air-to-air combat is the human is the human decision-making to Shoot or not The way it is with RPA operations right now where the plane may be able to operate in some way shape or form on its Own, but it's going to be the human deciding to pull the trigger or not Or is it the way we do for example air defense? Where there is the potential for the machine to operate identifying the like and the human can veto it But it will operate without them which is which is it because the human is in the loop in both But they're I think we'll have to learn both ways and we'll have to experiment both ways and what that means And it you know just as you use as an air defense Capability where there's there's things that we have to have you know that are they there's a set of rules of engagement Are they squawking the appropriate squawk or they are on the right altitude or are they in the right quarter? Are they doing this if not somebody's there to veto it, right? So there'll be a series of rules of engagement that we'll have to be able to follow and understand on both sides of that equation Can given the emphasis you earlier had on speed? Can a human stay within that oota loop 2.0 or will it definitionally be in human? Yeah, we don't know why we're gonna we're gonna all understand as we start to do more Experimenting prototyping and understanding that exact question. We've got time for One last question, and I'm gonna abuse it by asking one more But hopefully be a useful one for all of you What scenario keeps you up at night? I Sleep like a baby So I would say we're taking the general Mattis approach. Okay, when you wake up in the morning and go I'm keeping the general Mattis approach. I want our adversaries to stay but not thinking about what we're doing, right? That's what I want to have happened. There's a couple areas that I think that I need to sharpen the focus maybe on Maybe two or three One is we talk about moral obligations of our Air Force that I got to be able to provide right Organization training equipment and leadership for any of our young Airmen that we send forward right today that our job is to equip them to be able to do their mission and that they're well Led on that mission so that to be able to do that Across the range of capabilities that our Air Force has is a moral imperative for us. The second piece is To this question over here is about talent management. We've got some incredible people today And so you've heard our secretary of the Air Force and our chief talk about how do we empower them? How do we move the barriers and obstacles for their success so that they you know, we have this whole simple little Model that I go through in my mind. We start with really good people We then make sure they got the right education training experience They're confident and proud of what they do They're personally and professionally fulfilled and when we do that we get mission success And if I remove any one of those pieces than that then people Invariably will not continue to serve so I got to do all those pieces so that we've got the right talent Moving our Air Force forward and I contend, you know, we've got a big study going away that I didn't talk about that talks It's an S&T review but What we want is our Air Force to be the thought leaders for future conflict so that we can deter Compete deter and win in any future fight and so developing those thought leaders For a nation who are going to help us in these future fights is really important And that's we've got a lot of efforts and focus on how do we do that and how do we do that better? so I want to thank you for a couple of things the first is for in a time of Where there's controversy over engagement between? civilian military media military you've sat down and taken Roughly 40 questions from us and 40 tough questions on everything from future of war to Air Force gyms So we deeply appreciate that but we also appreciate the way that you've injected a Lot of key issues for us to chew on both in the conference ahead But also the year ahead in this program, so please do join me in a round of applause