 Protein post-translational modifications, PTMs, are chemical modifications made to proteins after they are synthesized from their genetic code. These modifications can change the structure, function, and behavior of proteins, leading to changes in cellular processes and ultimately affecting overall health. PTMs can be divided into two categories, reversible and irreversible. Reversible PTMs include phosphorylation, acetylation, and deacetylation, while irreversible PTMs include ubiquitination, SU emulation, and oxidative stress. PTMs play a critical role in regulating cellular processes, including signal transduction, gene expression, and protein-protein interaction. They are also involved in many diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammation. Targeting specific PTMs has become a promising strategy for developing novel drugs and treatments for these diseases. This article was authored by Qian Zhong, Zhina Shao, Yu Jiqiu, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.