 Today's throwback. In the backdrop of the fact that Nigeria is going through a lot of road. We can only fall back again. We've done this before. We will fall back again on the topic of a man who revolutionized and cleansed out the dead in a swamp. It's a sizeable region, not only of Nigeria but indeed over the west coast of Africa, Osmandam Fudio. Now, Osmandam Fudio was born in 1754 in what is now not western Nigeria. It was from the Fulani tribe, an itinerant pastoralist ethnic group. From a young age, it showed great intellectual and religious aptitude, receiving and enthusiastically acquiring comprehensive education in Islamic studies. In the early 19th century, the renowned Islamic scholar Osmandam Fudio launched a Jihad, a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam, which is called the Fulani War. Against the Hausa Kingdoms of Northern Nigeria, he was victorious and established the Fulani Empire with his capital in Sarquatu. Osmandam Fudio was a prominent Islamic scholar, teacher, political, military strategist and socio-cultural reformer in west Africa in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1803, Osmandam Fudio founded the Sarquatu Caliphate and was elected commander of the Faithful, Amir Aal Mumun by his followers. The Sarquatu Caliphate reportedly expanded as far as Burkina Faso to parts of Cameroon and including most, if not all of north-western, the two parts of north-central and north-eastern Nigeria and southern Niger Republic. At its height, the Caliphate included over 30 different emirates under its political architecture. The Caliphate ruled as the most populous empire in west Africa. The Caliphate was ruled as the most populous, historically populous empire in west Africa through much of the 19th century until the 29th July 1903. The Second Battle of Brume concluded its dissolution with the differentiation of Sultan Muhammadan at Cairo by British and German forces. As a scholar, Osmandam Fudio advocated for a return to the pure teachings and it would be displaced well enough as a scholar and a teacher and a leader. Osmandam Fudio advocated for a return to the pure teachings of Islam and a rejection of what he saw as corrupt practices and beliefs. He criticized the rulers of the outside states in northern Nigeria for their perceived deviation from Islamic principles. The Sokoto Caliphate under him until date became a center for Islamic scholarship, education and political administration. And it had a significant impact on the development of Islam in west Africa. Osmandam Fudio also wrote numerous books on various subjects including Islamic law, theology and governance. His writings continued to be influential in Islamic scholarship in west Africa. Overall, his life and teachings had a profound impact on the spread of Islam and the political and social dynamics of west Africa in the 19th century. This is where we wrap it up for tonight. I am Bola Hoba.