 The study examined the effectiveness of different types of bees in spreading genetically modified GM seeds. It compared the results from three bee species, leaf cutter bees, bumblebees, and honey bees, when they visited flowers containing GM seeds. The researchers found that leaf cutter bees had the lowest number of GM seeds produced during a single visit, while bumblebees had the highest number of GM seeds produced. Additionally, leaf cutter bees produced the most GM seeds at the closest distances, while bumblebees produced the most GM seeds at the furthest distances. This suggests that leaf cutter bees are more effective than other bee species at spreading GM seeds across a wider area. This article was authored by Fabiana P. Fragoso and Johann Brunette.