 So, today we are going to start with the session number 6, one of my favorite session. It is going to be on actual technicality, art of breastfeeding. You know, we all know, everybody knows that breastfeeding is important, everybody knows actually. And it is not that mothers do not try, they do try, okay. And I have this experience in US, I have this experience in India with educated mothers with, you know, mothers coming from underprivileged background, they all want to breastfeed their children by and large. But the problem arises when they try to breastfeed and when they are unsuccessful, when they kind of develop nipple pain, breast pain, breast abscess, baby is not latching, you know, baby is crying, mothers they do try. And when they feel that they are not being able to breastfeed, that is when, you know, things starts kind of falling apart. And that is what kind of I experienced too in my own experience. And also when I started working in, you know, slums of Mumbai, of course as a pediatrician I was not taught about breastfeeding at all, even in US, you know. And initially, like I would kind of teach mothers whatever that I knew and also reading lot of books and guidelines and, you know, and somehow, you know, kind of children were not gaining as much weight. And working in with this poor mothers, it was very important for me to make them understand proper technicality of breastfeeding so that we could do catch up growth because a lot of these babies were born small. You know, in India, as I mentioned, our average birth weight is 2.7, which is, you know, which is much lower than the world average of 3.2, 3.3 kgs and girls and boys respectively. So we did kind of, you know, worked on different techniques of breastfeeding. As I mentioned, initially what we were doing, we were using the cradle hold and somehow I felt a lot of kind of problems with that cradle hold. And of course, you know, we were using this amazing software which we had created with the help of one of the very famous software company. So what we were doing, whatever we were telling mothers, we were documenting it on that software and we realized that some advices when we gave, it was working, some of the advices we gave, it was not working, you know. And I have to tell you this one particular experience that I had, almost 4 to 5 years in my learning, I had this one baby come to me, about 2 weeks old girl child and you know, I met this mother, in fact, she lived in my building and she was, she looked kind of very tired and she looked sad and she had this little baby in her hand. So I told her that, how is it going with you breastfeeding? And I had never met her before, this was the first time that I met her and she said that ma'am, you know, I am not even to breastfeed her, she cries a lot, she just does not latch on to the breast and I am basically starting formula. So I said, no, before you start formula, why did not you come home and I can help you and in fact, within just 30 minutes she came home with her little baby, 2 weeks old baby, you know, full term baby, born beautifully 3 kg weight, you know, with birth and she came and you know, we were, I was showing her the cradle hole, the traditional hole that, you know, we generally use, cradle hole is basically, you know, you just basically put the baby on the same side that you want to breastfeed from and you know, this is cradle hole and traditionally most the people use this cradle hole. So I told her, I said, why don't you, you know, hold the baby this way exactly how, you know, it's written everywhere and you know, when she was trying to breastfeed baby refused to latch, refused to latch, we tried half an hour, I told her exactly C shape hole, you know, do this, do that and baby refused to latch and then we were almost in tears actually, you know, working on this for 5 years and then when she tried to, then I told mother, I said that look, what we can do, you hold the baby and I will try to direct breast in the mouth, you know, I will try to hold the breast and I will basically kind of contour it in a way so it becomes easier for baby to latch on. So while she was holding it, you know, so normally we were told the C shape just by intuition or just by 6 cent, you know, when baby opened the mouth, you know, immediately instead of doing a C shape, I just held up because I was looking from top, you know, and I held the breast from top and I pressed it, as soon as I did that, baby kind of latched on, you know, beautifully and I was like, for a second I thought that I made a mistake because normally I would tell mothers, you know, do C shape hole and here as soon as baby opened the mouth, I did the U shape, you know, from the top and I immediately went on the internet because it was like a aha moment and I went through so many kind of YouTube videos and, you know, nowhere it showed U shape, everybody was doing traditional hole and this and that, but I came across one video where one of the nurse, in fact, she was an aeratologist from Stanford University, you know, and she was showing mothers kind of cross griddle hole with holding the breast in the U shape, not from the top, but from the bottom and it just, I said, it occurred to me that what was happening is that when baby was opening the mouth, you know, what basically I had to do is to put my fingers parallel to baby's lips so it could contoured and it was easy for baby to latch on, you know, and baby immediately kept quiet, started sucking and, you know, and that's how basically there's a different holding of breast and also way to hold the baby also kind of, we learnt over period of time and that's when we started seeing good results and since then, you know, our weight gain has been remarkable almost 1.1 to 1.2, in fact, sometime we see 1.5 to 1.6 kg weight gain per month, you know, so this was my little story that how, you know, we came, we started kind of improvising this cross griddle technique, you know, cross griddle means you hold the baby from the opposite end, you know, opposite hand and you latch the baby on. So, that's what I am going to explain and again over period of time, we know, we figured out at what points which were very, very important for mothers to understand and once we taught those techniques as well as those counseling points, you know, we started seeing results. So, today my first part is going to be basically, you know, just 45 points of counseling which is one of the most important aspect of this, you know, tutorial of this session and of course the whole course. So, if you can really understand the technicality of cross griddle hold in 45 points, you know, 90% of your problems will be solved, you know, 90% of the time. So, to kind of listen to this very carefully, watch it and then practically you can just buy a doll and make a breast model at home and you can, you know, practice it on of course the model. But, you know, also kind of help any mothers in your family who are just delivered or teach any pregnant mothers, you know, when the baby is born, you practice on mother and the baby because more you practice on a live baby and the mother, more efficient you will become. Okay? So, let's start with the first point. Of course, this is part one and we are going to talk about, I will be including part one, part two, part three, you know, it's basically a continuous process and I will make it as elaborate as possible and also as simple as possible. Okay? So, let's start with cross griddle hold and 45 points of counseling. Okay? Now, first thing that we want to remember, you know, we are always, we have this thing in our mind that when is baby ready to breastfeed? Okay? And most of the time mothers feel that, oh, when baby cries, that's when baby is ready to breastfeed. One point you want to remember by the time baby cries, it's already too late. Okay? So, please do not wait for baby to cry. Okay? What you can do is to understand those early hunger cues. Okay? So, early hunger cues. So, what are those early hunger cues and, you know, you want babies or babies who are small in a two months, under two months of age is basically, you know, they will first thing they will do is they will open their eyes, they will kind of squirm. So, they will kind of squirm, okay? And they will start looking around, they will start looking for breast. So, they will open the mouth and then they'll move around like this. Okay? So, that's important. Second or third point would be basically, you know, what they do is that in mid-hunger cue, they put their hand in the mouth. So, they'll put them hand in the mouth, okay? And they will basically kind of salivate and they will become little bit more kind of a squirmy. So, they move a lot, okay? Third stage, they become very irritable, they become, it's a late cue, they become very irritable, they start crying and they are very, very, you know, it's very difficult to console them, okay? So, when do you want to breastfeed? You want to breastfeed when they are in early hunger cues. So, in early hunger cues again, they will start squirming, okay? They will open their mouth and they'll start looking for breast. So, that's what is the most important early hunger cues that you want to understand, okay? So, here now you have a baby who is small and suppose baby does not wake up, say within two hours or so, okay? Now, again, if the baby is small and you know, you want to have a catch-up growth, then I do recommend that you should basically wake up the baby after two hours gap in the daytime, okay? So, the way you wake up the baby is basically you remove pretty much all those blankets, you know, you remove cap, you remove mittens, you remove socks, because when the baby is wrapped too many times, they are too comfortable and sometimes they just don't want to wake up, okay? So, once you remove all that extra clothing, you know, baby does get kind of uncomfortable and then they wake up, okay? Second thing, what you want to do, suppose if they are not waking up, okay? Even if you remove all the clothes just with one on-see, you can keep that on-see on. If it's cold, obviously, you can put one more layer, you know, but don't put too many blankets around baby, okay? When you're waking up the baby. Second thing, what you want to do is to basically make up, make the baby sit. So, what you can do, you make the baby sit on the lap, okay? Put your fingers on the jaw, so there is an angle of the jaw, so there is an angle, okay? So, you basically put the jaw, put the hand around the jaw, okay? It should not be on the neck, it should be on the jaw, okay? And then, and your wrist is basically resting on the chest. So, the whole body, basically the body is resting on the, on the, on your palm, okay? And the other hand is just basically behind the back of the baby, okay? So, and then you just kind of tilt the baby a little bit forward, okay? When you tilt the baby a little bit forward, what happens? The stomach get pressed. So, here in this position, okay? So, this is the perfect position to wake up the baby. Now, I like this position a lot even for boping the baby, okay? Because in, in US also in our unit, we used to burp the baby. When small babies, we used to burp the baby like this. So, remember to kind of make the baby sit. See here, do you see how baby is kind of bent forward a little bit? You don't need to pat the baby or you don't need to move your hand, you know, just kind of support the back like this, okay? And in front, it should be like this. Don't hold it too close, just, it should be just kind of near ears, okay? So, I am holding it near the ears, not on the neck. You don't want to put your fingers on the neck because what happens is in the neck, you have, so you don't want to press your neck, baby's neck, you know that it will cause problem, okay? So, just on the jaw, on the, on the back, mandible, this is a bone called mandible. So, you want to touch near the mandible, okay? So, now if baby is hungry, baby will immediately wake up. The first thing baby does when you put them in the sitting position, they open the eyes. So, they open the eyes wide, wide open, okay? And then you kind of stimulate little bit and that's when baby kind of is ready to breastfeed. Make sure that you don't put the baby on the breast because baby is sleepy. If baby is sleepy, they will just go back to sleep, okay? So, if baby is not waking up, just put the baby back and again you can try and within a half an hour or so. Now, at night, I do recommend that baby should be breastfed at least three to four times. Now, at night if baby is not waking up up to three hours, then I would wake up the baby at around say at the end of three hours, you know, because you don't want to go too long because then again, you know, I see that baby is don't then put on good amount of weight, okay? So, that's one important point that I want to discuss. So, now mother's preparation, okay? Now, what is mother's preparation? So, before basically kind of holding the baby or touching the baby, what mother needs to do is to wash her hands. Really, really important because, you know, kind of mother has touched so many surfaces, you know, mother probably changed the diaper, mother has done so many other things, you want to make sure that she has clean hands before she touches the baby, okay? So, even before she picks up the baby, you know, remember, I talked about the early hunger queues so that this is just the thought process that mother is going through. So, this was the thought process that I mentioned that she should know when to start feeding the baby. So, if she feels this is the time to feed the baby to wake up the baby or baby squirming, the first thing she does is wash her hands. So, before she touches the baby, tell her to wash her hands with soap and water, okay? Little bit warm water if she has access to warm water, that would be great if she doesn't have warm access to warm water, then it's fine too. So, use soap and water, wash your hands, okay? And then tell her to drink one glass of water, okay? So, that's about 8 ounces, 240-250 ml of water. Now, this water has to be clean, okay? So, if you have access to filter water, of course, that's the most preferable one, but if you don't have filter water, what you can do is to just kind of tell mother to boil water and then just, you know, keep it at a room temperature and then so boil in kind of room temperature water that she should have it immediately before breastfeeding. Now, why this is important? Because as you know that, you know, mothers get very busy, okay? And when she has a small baby, she has to feed every hour and a half, two hours, you know, then she may have to do some work at home, she may have other children, you know, lot of what happens, she forgets to take care of herself. And here in this situation, when she's probably getting, you know, 750-850 ml of milk and sometime if baby is catching up, then she will get even 1 to 1.5 litre of milk, you know. So, if the latch is good, she, you know, the weight can be so good that definitely mother gets more than 1 litre of milk. And if you have twins, then she will probably get 1.5 litres of milk, you know. So, in that scenario, even with singleton baby, I do recommend mother should sit down, relax and drink some water. Because if she drinks her water, what it's going to do is it's going to relax her. Plus, it will hydrate her. Because as I mentioned, they get so kind of worked up that they forget to drink water, they forget to eat, you know, their food, you know, mothers, they get mad, really. New mothers, you know, even worse. So, just make sure that, you know, you mention to her, kind of counsel her, relax, drink water, one glass of water, take a deep breath, you know, think about good things, because it oxytocin release, you know, this is the hormone which releases your, you know, kind of milk from breast, you know, it releases milk, right. So, that for release of, it's called letdown reflex. So, that letdown reflex, you need a hormone called oxytocin. Oxytocin is also called love hormone. And you need to have that relaxation. That's when mother will feel loved. She will have this, you know, kind of motherly feeling and immediately she will relax and the milk will come out. Okay. So, for that also, I recommend just tell her to, tell her to relax, think of some good things, think of, you know, if she wants, you can listen to some light music, if she has access to or, you know, kind of don't be on phone, keep that TV away, you know, not all those, lot of activity surrounding her. Okay. So, there we are. Now she drank water. Okay. Now what she has to do, she has to basically pick up the baby. So, if she, suppose baby is sleeping on the bed, okay. Of course, I do recommend that if mother can sleep on the floor with the baby, that would be great, because lot of time when the baby is sleeping on the bed, there is a risk of rolling down, you know. So, I personally do recommend that, you know, when the baby is small, it's better to kind of be on the floor on the bed, much better. So, now she is sitting down. Okay. She has a baby next to her. So, first thing, obviously, baby is right there. So, she doesn't need to walk and get the baby. But if baby say in the crib or say in the Jhula, she will have to bring the baby. Okay. She will have to kind of put the baby next to her while she's preparing to breastfeed. Okay. But remember, she has to touch the baby only after washing her hands and drinking some water. Okay. So, now here, I've got the baby out of Jhula and I'm ready to breastfeed on my bed. Okay. So, I'm going to put the baby in front of me. Okay. And I'm going to prepare myself. The way I'm going to prepare myself is first, I'm going to find a comfortable position to sit. Okay. So, if it is a bed, then I can sit on the bed. I have to make sure that I have a pillow behind my back. Okay. If I don't have a pillow, at least I need to have a wall or a kind of, you know, a board of bed where I can rest. Pillow will be great because that will kind of give me comfort on my back. Okay. Say, for example, I'm a mother. So, and then another thing, what I want to do is I want to kind of relax, kind of fold my, you know, legs. If I'm sitting on the chair, then I can put my legs down. But I want to make sure there is a support on my under my feet. Okay. Because the feet needs to be supported. If it's dangling in the air, it could be very uncomfortable for the mother. So, make sure that we have our support under the under the feet. Okay. So, now I'm ready to breastfeed. Here, I'm sitting down with my legs folded with back supported, back straight. Very important that you keep your back straight. It should not be drooping down, which should not be very kind of stressed. You know, just relax. Okay. And then just prepare yourself. Okay. Now, next point would be to open the clothes. Okay. So, one thing which is very, very crucial, most of the mothers that we see, they have this habit of wearing bra and shirt, which are basically not front open. A lot of time, you know, they wear a kurti, but then they just lift up the kurti and lift up the bra. So, what happens? Like for example, I'm going to show you on this breast model. So, here is the breast model. And what is happening is mother is kind of lifting up the bra. So, now that tight bra is sitting on the breast. Okay. It is basically kind of denting on the breast. What is happening when you have something which is pressing on the breast. So, here we have basically kind of, you know, milk is formed in the alveoli over here. And then milk is kind of flowing out or kind of getting collected in the collecting duct. Okay. So, when you have something pressing on the collecting duct, duct means like a canal where the milk is coming out. Okay. And if something is pressing on the duct, what will happen? The milk will form, but it is not flowing out. So, now the milk will continue to form in that kind of round, you know, cells. I mean, I am not going to use too many of these medical terms because I know many of you are not medical doctors or, you know, nurses. So, again, you know, when the milk is forming and that milk flow does not have a proper kind of way to come out, then milk will continue to form and then it will become bigger and bigger and that area will become inflamed. It will become red because that milk is not flowing out. It is just collecting in one space. Okay. Now what will happen? Mother will kind of feel swelling in the breast. And then if suppose that swelling is not relieved, then what will happen? Eventually the infection will set in. Once the infection sets in, then they develop breast abscess. And once the breast abscess develops, then, you know, obviously she has to go to surgeon. Surgeon will kind of cut the, you know, abscess, remove, you know, pass from it and it becomes so painful and many times then mother stop breastfeeding on that side. Okay. So, this is another very important point. And our 45 points we have created, this is so that to prevent any complications in the future. Okay. So, this is another important point is to tell mothers that not to press anything on the breast, it should not, there should not be any tight clothing. There should not be any tight bra. If she wants to breastfeed, tell her to buy clothes which has buttons till, till the navel and she has to remove each and every button. Okay. And then basically make sure that she does not wear bra if possible. But if she even wear bra, if she wears bra, then she can just remove the button and keep it completely open. At least still while she is breastfeeding, you know, at that for a, for say 30 minutes, 40 minutes when she is breastfeeding, tell her to just remove it. It is much easier to do that. Okay. Then she won't develop any of this complication. Okay. So, now she is prepared. She is, she has removed her breast, you know, she has opened her breast, nothing is pressing on the breast. Now she is going to take the baby. Okay. So, here it is that here she is going to take the baby. Okay. And then she is going to, you know, kind of remove all the clothes and just keep one on C or just one pair of clothes. If it is cold, then of course, second layer is fine. Cap is also okay. But I prefer that while mother is latching the baby, at least, well, she is learning how to latch, you know, remove the cap because it will be much easier for her to, you know, to kind of hold the baby and learn how to latch the baby or how to position the baby. Okay. So, that's, that's really important. So, again, remove all the blankets, remove cap, you know, and then wake up the baby by putting the baby in a, in a sitting position, you know, kind of hold it, you know, a little bit forward. And then now she's ready. So, now what she's going to do, so here is the baby, I'm going to first thing what I'm going to do. Now remember that baby does not have neck control in first two months of age. Okay. So, she will have to continue holding the head. Okay. So, that she baby does not have a wobbly neck. Okay. So, here now what she's going to do, she's going to basically hold the baby from the back. Okay. And then here she's going to support. Okay. With her elbow joint and immediately hold it like this. Okay. Now I'm going to discuss this. This is called positioning of the baby because mother is now ready to breastfeed. Okay. So, mother's preparation is done. Now what she's doing, she's now positioning the baby because this is the, this is very important aspect because here now what we're doing, we are landing the baby to be ready to breastfeed. So, this is called landing the baby. Also called positioning of the baby. Okay. So, now this is the cross cradle hold. In cross cradle hold what happens, suppose I'm going to breastfeed from left side. Okay. That means this hand is going to be open. Okay. But I'm going to hold the baby with the opposite hand. This is called cross cradle. So, the hand which is in cross to the breast that I'm going to breastfeed from, I'm holding the baby from that side. That's why it's called cross cradle. So, now first thing what I'm going to do, I'm going to put this baby's legs under my armpit. It should be really kind of embedded. Make sure that it is held tight because lot of times what happens, if it is not held tight, what happens, baby keeps slipping. When baby keeps slipping, then it becomes very difficult for baby to latch on just by mouth. Okay. So, to have a good latch, latch means move keep occurred. It's like you know how holding the breast with the mouth. Okay. So, for that to have a good holding of breast by baby's mouth, you want to have a perfect position. If there is a perfect position, it will be very easy for mother to latch the baby. It will be very easy for baby to get the milk transfer. Okay. So, first thing you want to do is you lift the legs up under the armpit. Okay. And you basically what you can do is to put baby's hip little bit on elbow joint. So, this is what you want to do, is put the elbow joint just at the angle of the elbow. Okay. So, here this is ready and make sure that both the legs are held properly. Now, look at the position of baby. Okay. Now, position of baby is absolutely horizontal. You see this is absolutely horizontal. Lot of time when I see mothers, they do this. Now, this is not horizontal. This is diagonal. So, you don't want a diagonal, you know, baby. You want to have absolutely horizontal position. Okay. Here, what I am doing now, look at this. Now, there are four important points of positioning. Remember that it is WHO for positioning point. One is that baby should be in a straight line. So, do you see baby is completely in the straight line. What do you mean straight line? Straight line means the neck, I mean the ears. So, here is your ears. Okay. Here is your ears. Then your shoulder and your hip, they all are in the straight line. So, here in this, in this position, you know, suppose this is a straight baby. Okay. This is a straight baby. So, here in straight baby, what is happening? Ears, shoulder joint and your hip joint is in the straight line. Okay. So, exactly when I put this baby like this. So, same thing, ears, shoulder joint. Okay. This is shoulder joint and your hip joint and the straight line. So, this is what I mean by straight line. Okay. Many times what happens, babies are put like this. Now, imagine you are eating food and if you are putting your head sideways and you are eating, you will not be able to swallow. You will not be able to eat. But when you see many mothers, they breastfeed the baby like this. So, the shoulders are on the side. So, the position is like this. Ears are in front. Okay. Shoulders are on the side and the hip is on the side. And this is how so many mothers breastfeed. So, if you now look at any mother, immediately you should look at it, whether it is in the straight line or not. Okay. So, this is how many mothers breastfeed. It is so common. And that is why so many mothers, they cannot even, babies cannot even breastfeed. It is like we cannot eat like this sideways. We have to keep our body straight. Similarly, same thing happens. So, you make sure that baby is in straight line. So, here baby is in straight line now. Okay. And if I bend it backward, there you go. So, this is the straight line of baby's body. Okay. One more time. Ears, shoulder joint and your hip joint, straight line. Okay. All right. Now, what is happening? So, now baby is in the straight line. Now, there should be full body support. Okay. Imagine while you eating, imagine that you eating, adults are eating and you are hanging in the air. You will not be able to swallow. You will not be able to, it could be, you know, it is kind of a very scary situation where you do not have support. Right. What support do we have? We have gravity support. Right. So, when you have a gravity support, basically you sit, you know, you have, you can sit properly and you can eat well. Right. Similarly, here baby is against the gravity. Means, if you do not hold the baby, baby will immediately fall. Right. So, in this position, you want to make sure that you hold the baby, full body support is extremely important. Okay. So, what you can do full body support. Look, the legs are supported. Right. The hip is supported. Right. And back is supported with my hand and the neck, you know, neck, just the back part of the head is supported also. Right. So, this is important that keep the body, full body support is extremely important. Okay. All right. So, that is your second point. So, one more point in positioning is like when you bring the baby, you know, to the breast. Okay. So, we already spoke about a straight line, you know, tummy to tummy or chest to chest and then nose to nipple. I would say, nose to nipple. One more thing you want to make sure that many times mother has this habit of kind of tripping forward. Okay. So, kind of tell mother not to bend forward. You know, a lot of time what happens is baby is kind of on the pillow and she is bending forward. What she has to do? She has to sit straight and bring baby up. Okay. So, that is important as to bring baby up. Don't droop down, don't kind of stoop down. Okay. Second thing is when you're holding the baby, this way you hold the baby from head is very important. Many times what mothers do, they hold the baby like this. This is not the way to hold because what happens when you press the head like this, again the neck will get bent forward. Okay. So, you don't want to have a neck forward like this. You know, you want to have a neck backward. So, the way you hold it, you want to kind of see there is, there are two bones over here. Okay. So, you want to basically a mastoid bone, they are called. So, you basically touch or hold on the mastoid bone and then put your fingers just around it, not on the back of the head. Okay. And then you kind of bring the baby, a neck to nose, a neck to nose. Why neck to nose? So, that your neck is bent forward. If you bring nose to nipple, what happens basically your, you know, your head would be straight, you know, your neck would be straight, you want to bend it a little bit backward. Okay. So, you bring the neck, baby a little bit downward. So, that way when I open the mouth, that's when the lower part of the redler coat in the mouth, I will again discuss it, why that near to nipple is very important, because that is called landing of the baby. Okay. All right. Third point, you keep the baby so close to the mother. Okay. You tell mother that keep the babies kind of chest close to mother's chest, because if baby is close to mother's chest, it will be so much easier for baby to latch on well, because if baby is too far, like, you know, for example, if the neck is twisted, then what will happen, the chest is facing up, it should not be facing up, it should be facing the mother. Okay. So, baby should be extremely close to the mother. Okay. And this is how basically they will come. Now, the fourth point of positioning is nose to nipple. Now, that is also again, WHO point, very, very important nose to nipple. But when you bring the baby to the nipple, you want to make sure that nose is kind of, it is near to nipple. Okay. Now, what is this near to nipple? Near to nipple is, what you can do is, suppose for example, you are bringing the baby to the breast, okay, to the nipple, then the nose, the near of the nose is facing the nipple. Okay. So, that is very important. I will talk about it later, why it is important. So, here for example, I am going to show you again. Okay. So, in this position, baby's neck is extended. Okay. And baby is facing the breast directly. Okay. Baby is not facing up like this. Make sure that baby's face is not looking at the mother. Again, when we are eating food, we always look at the, you know, the dish, we do not look up. Right. We look up when we eat, we always look in the plate. So, mothers, baby's plate is mother's breast. So, let baby look directly at the breast. Okay. And then you look, you ask the baby to look up, not, you cannot ask the baby, but just basically what you want to do is you lift up baby's neck backward. Now, why is it important to lift up the baby a little bit backward? Does anybody, I am going to explain to you why it is important to kind of lift baby's neck backward. This is because what happens is while you are drinking water. Okay. So, when you drink water, remember that we always kind of lift up our neck a little bit and then drink water. Right. So, if you have a bottle, you always kind of lift up your neck and then drink water. Right. When we, if we have water and if we kind of say put our head forward, we will not be able to swallow. This is really, really important. Okay. Because if we, if we do not do that, you know, we will be able to, you know, if we do not extend our neck, then we will not be able to swallow. Similarly, when you bringing the baby to breastfeed, it is important that we extend the neck backward. Okay. So, here it is, extend the neck backward. Okay. And this is how it should be. Do you see? And make sure that the nerve of the nose is in the line of nipple. If it goes too high up, like if it's coming too high up like this, what will happen? Then baby will have to bend forward. Okay. To breastfeed. So, we do not bring the baby too high up, bring it baby a little bit lower. The baby has to extend her neck. Okay. So, in this position, you pull the baby's leg a little bit downwards, you know, towards the other side. Okay. So, baby will be able to extend the neck or you will have to help baby to extend the neck and then to reach out, basically, baby will kind of latch on. Okay. So, this was the two parts that we talked about. First part was mother's, you know, position, mother's readiness. Second thing is baby's position. So, this is where we complete our, you know, first part of how to position the baby to the breast. Okay. Thank you so much.