 Good morning or good afternoon and welcome to this session on renewables and waste statistics. I am Luca Lorenzoni and I work on renewable statistics in the IAE Energy Data Center. Today I work you through this presentation on renewables data and later my colleagues Ricard and Fabiano will guide you through the exercise session. So let me show you how this presentation is structured. So it is divided into three different parts. In the first one I'll talk about renewable strengths worldwide. Then I'll show you key statistics concepts specific for renewables and then lastly I'll go over the structure of the renewables and waste questionnaire. But let's start with a question that you can answer on Menti. So you can go on Menti and enter the code 31466873. And the question is which renewable energy do you think takes the largest portion in total energy supply in the world? So pay attention to what we are talking about. We are talking about the total energy supply and it's an important concept in energy statistics. And in particular for renewables you will see later it's very important how we classify the different products and what are the the methodology and the assumptions that that we take. So I see several questions, several answers. Seems that Hydro is is leading with almost 20 votes. And the second is solid biofuels and solar PV with six votes. I'll show you the answer which is solid biofuels. So I'll give you the wine in this slide. So as you can see here you see the word total and renewables energy supply in 2021. The largest portion of renewables was biofuels and waste and the largest component of this part was solid biofuels. So getting back to the question when we talk about renewables the first things that may come to mind are renewable electricity sources such as solar PV, wind power or hydro which was the other option in the question that so many of you chose. But the renewable product must use in the world is still biomass and it is mainly converted into heat and that is largely consumed in the global south for eating and cooking purposes. So as you can see from this slide there are several energy products that have increased greatly in the last three decades. It's good to see that the renewable space is likely higher than the TES rate and this is mainly due to favorable policies for renewables especially for solar PV and wind. But as we previously saw the share in total energy supply is still 14.4% and it's necessary that the renewables contribution to TES grows faster since as you know renewables are key for the decarbonization of the energy sector. So in the chart on the left you can see the share of renewables around the world and you see that Africa is the largest share. We get back to what I said about solid biofuels used in the global south. Indeed the renewable product must use in Africa and in the other regions except OECD is biomass and this is mostly a traditional use of biomass that principally means burning the fuel inefficently. In OECD countries biomass is less used and generally in a modern way for example for producing electricity and still in the OECD in which you can see the share is one of the lowest. The renewables development has been significant in the last years especially to generate electricity but the share is still low because there are energy intensive final consumption sectors such as the transport sector for example that are still heavily reliant on fossil fuels. So considering this sectoral consumption on the right again the green slice is mainly composed of traditional use of biomass. The electricity plant slice is what we should pursue to expand since we would like to electrify the final consumption sector as much as possible consuming electricity produced by renewables. So this leads me to the final slide of this first section where you can see the world electricity production in which renewables represent the 28 percent in 2021. So within renewables hydro which is one of the oldest renewable technologies is the most widespread solar PV and wind are the two that have grown faster in the last years posing new challenges for the power sector management let's say since they are intermittent so the generation does not always match the demand and they are often unpredictable. So I invite you to follow the strategy proposed by the agency to face these challenges and now let's move to the key concept section. So this is very important and it relates to the first question that I posed to you before. So as you can see renewable products are classified into four groups and this classification is based on the form of primary energy considered from a statistical point of view and how this form can be converted into another. So I'll explain this starting from the first group electricity only. So if you consider wind or hydro the first form of energy that is generated is mechanical energy for example from the rotation of a wind turbine that then is converted into electricity. So from a statistical point of view we consider electricity as the primary form of energy since the mechanical energy in almost all cases is directly converted into electricity there are no other outlets and the mechanical energy would not be of interest from a statistical point of view since electricity is the first common marketable commodity that is that is generated. For the second and fourth group the primary form is heat for the second group the production is considered in the form of heat because in this case there are two possible outlets heat that can be directly used for example using geothermal heat for this heating or heat that can be used to generate electricity for example in a solar thermal power plant. The fourth group includes the heat extracted from the environment and used in heat pumps and in this case it is not possible to convert it into electricity so it is reported in this separated category. Finally in the third group we have combustible fuels so as primary form of energy we consider the fuels themselves and it's the only form that can be stored. So here you can see the solid biofuels classification and the definition is in the center of the slide. They are all considered the primary products except charcoal that is derived from the carbonization of wood and there are some products that need specific explanations like one of them is black lipo that is a byproduct of the paper manufacturing process and this is actually liquid but is conventionally considered within solid biofuels. Then we have renewable industrial waste that is usually solid organic matter so it is considered within solid biofuels and the most common product is natural rubber components of waste tires. So if you are not sure if a product can be considered solid biofuels or industrial waste just reach out to us and we'll figure it out. Now we have another question that you can answer on on Menti and it is what is an example of wood, of how wood is used in energy statistics. So moving to the next slide the code is still the same 31466873. So there are four options and you should you should point out which of these flows can be reported related to wood can be reported in energy statistics. So we have as material for making furniture is the first, burning for heating is the second, the wood residues burning landfill is the third and none of these is the fourth. I see that everybody almost everybody pointed out burning for home meeting that is actually there the right answer and let's explore the other answers. So furniture is a non-energy use that should not enter the energy statistics domain and regarding the third wood residues burned in a landfill from how it is written in this question we cannot deduce that the energy generated from burning the material is used somehow. So the material could be burned just to reduce its volume basically only ash remains and this is not an energy used. So in this slide you can see how liquid biofuels are reported in the renewables questionnaire compared to the oil questionnaire. In the renewables one we report only pure liquid biofuels this means that you don't have to report the portion of biofuels blended with oil products we report the blended products in the oil questionnaire. So here you can see an example which a country produces 1000 kilotons of diesel containing 10 percent of biodiesel and alpha diesel product is exported and the other half is used in road transport. So 100 kilotons of biodiesel are produced in the country and are reported in the renewable production of biodiesel but the other flows concern blended products therefore they are reported all in the oil questionnaire. In the renewables balance you will you will report the production of biodiesel and then in the transformation sector this amount will be reported under the blending with oil products flow and in this way pure liquid biofuels are transferred to blended products and this concept applies also to biogases when biogases are blended with with natural gas. Now let's see the data sources and the types of data collection so for the supply side data can be collected from energy producers, importers, exporters while for the demand side can be collected from households, enterprises and so on. Data can be collected through surveys or using administrative data but very often an integrated approach is adopted that means using the different ways of collecting data and making estimations where is needed in order to gather the values for all the energy products and flows that that we need. So having a closer look at the different types of data collection surveys are the best ways of collecting data since you collect directly what you need. However they are usually time-consuming and expensive so it's difficult to carry them out every year. What is generally done is taken as a survey every two or three years and making estimations for for the coming years. Concerning administrative data they are generally data collected from governmental bodies in response to legislation, policies, regulations. These are more economical but it's necessary to pay attention to the products definitions and inconsistencies due to the administrator's lack of expertise in data analysis. Then you can get measured data and finally in absence of data sources you can make estimations. Here there is an example for solar PV in case you need electricity generation but to have all the information and capacity installed you can calculate the generation as strong capacity factor. Now before moving to the final part of the presentation I leave you some dissemination links. I let you explore them by yourself and now let's see the questionnaire. So this is the structure of the questionnaire and even if you don't use it I mean if you don't have to submit it to IEA it can still be useful to cross-check the products and flows that we collect with what you collect and with what you have in your database and then in the questionnaire that you can of course download for free from our website. There are different checks and automatic sums that you can adopt for your data validation so it can be useful to have it as a reference. So the first table is used to report the gross electricity and heat production. As you can imagine these values should be consistent with the electricity questionnaire even though here we collect many more details for renewable products. So the table is divided into two parts. The gross electricity production reported in gigawatt hour and gross heat production reported in terajoule. So the producers are classified as main activity producer that are economic unit whose principal activity is to produce energy and auto producer that are economic activity whose principal activity is not producing energy but they produce energy to support the principal activity. So these are further divided into electricity only plants combined heat and power plants and heat only plants and regarding heat reporting all heat production from main activity producer plants should be reported while in case of auto producers only heat sold to third parties should be reported. Now you can see the table two way it is the largest table with 13 products and listed across the top and more than 60 flows. So regarding the definition of energy products as I think you already know the follow we follow the international recommendations on energy statistics. Most products are reported in terajoule on a net calorific basis except for charcoal and liquid biofuels which are reported in kilotones. If you see the rows this is broken up into supply transformation sector and energy sector and final energy and non-energy consumption sector and final consumption is divided into industry transport and other sectors which include the residential agriculture etc and in case of energy sector and final consumption the flow should be reported according to the international standard industrial classification categories. So now table 3a this table has five parts and it contains very important information used also for verifying the information entered into the other tables. So the first part collects data on the maximum electrical capacity of the renewable plants. If electricity generation is reported in table 1 then capacity must be reported here by type and size and this is reported in megawatts. Concerning solar collector surface it is reported in 1000 square meters and let me specify that does not include neither solar PV surface nor solar thermal power collector surface like CSP. It's only about solar thermal collectors mainly used in the residential sector to eat water. Then we have the production capacity of liquid biofuels that is reported in kilotones per year and finally we collected the average net value and the density of the various liquid biofuels. Now I wanted to mention something specific for solar PV regarding to table 3a that we started to collect from this year. Basically a typical solar PV system is composed of solar PV panels that generate electricity in direct current in DC and an inverter that converts the electricity from DC to alternate current AC. So we have a capacity of the panels installed that is in DC and the capacity of the converter that is in AC. So for design reasons the ratio between the DC and the AC capacity can be up to 1.5 so the panels capacity can be 50 percent higher than the inverter power rates and for this reason we ask to report both the capacities for a given plan. So we ask countries to clarify this information with the data providers and if countries do not have both the information AC and AC at least clarify what kind of capacity they are referring to so if it is AC or DC. The next table table 4 give a detail breakdown of production of solid biofuels and biogases. For example solid biofuels is divided into fuel wood, black liqueur, bagasse, animal waste, other vegetable materials and residues and industrial waste, the renewable part and the figures should be reported in interagul. So the important thing is that the total amount of production of solid biofuels in table 4 should match the number reported in indigenous production of solid biofuels in table 2. So the same principle applies to biogases. In this slide you can see table 5 that is for imports by country of origin and table 6 that is for exports of countries by destination and at the moment the products concerned are liquid biofuels and wood pellets since they are the most traded commodities but there could be changes in the future. Finally this year we have introduced table 7 where we collect non-energy used data of renewable products. Now in terms of flows the structure is a mirror of the energy sector and final consumption sectors for energy users. However it's good to clarify the boundaries of this collection and only renewables used to replace fossil fuels which are currently reported as final non-energy consumption should be present in the scope of energy statistics and as reported in this table. So some examples are the non-energy use of gaseous biofuels replacing natural gas as feedstocks or liquid biofuels replacing naphtha, LPG, lubricants in the chemical and pre-dochemical sector as well as solid biofuels used to replace coal products in the industry sector to produce dyes or fungicides for example. So it has to be clear that certain non-energy use of renewables especially those that are clearly irrelevant to energy statistics like solid biofuels for furniture, construction or alcohols used in the food industry should be left outside of the scope. So here is a thematic overview of the relationship within the renewables questionnaire and other annual questionnaires. So renewable questionnaire is a strong relationship especially with electricity and oil for liquid biofuels and then gas for blended gas. As you can see there are many links between tables and we use the links also to validate our data. So here I left you a few helpful links specific to renewables. There are some documents that could be of interest for you and that's it. Here you can see our email addresses if you have any questions don't hesitate to reach out to us.