 Hello aspirants welcome to daily news analysis by Shankar IS Academy The list of topics chosen for today is displayed on the screen We have also provided page number of these topics in various editions Interested aspirants can go through them. Now, let us begin on the screen Now look at this news article this article is regarding a new system introduced by Supreme Court of India What is it system? The name of the system is faster So in this context, let us see the purpose of faster and let us also discuss the benefits Introduced through this system called faster Very important topic from prelims perspective. Now, let us begin this discussion first. What is faster? See faster stands for fast and secure transmission of electronic record system. This is the expansion of faster Now we have a question What is faster? See faster is a procedure It is a procedure introduced by supreme court of India it is a procedure for transmission of E authenticated copies of important court records and documents What are important court records and documents? Judgments final orders interim orders. So these are the important court records and documents and faster is a procedure for transmission of E authenticated copies of important code records and documents. So to put it in simple words, it's like a E transmission of documents. See the purpose of FASTER is to send the records and documents at the earliest so that these records and documents could be executed at the earliest. This is why the system has been introduced by our Supreme Court of India to execute the records and documents at the earliest. For example, take crucial orders like bail, stay-off arrest. These kind of crucial decisions can be communicated to prison authorities and investigation agencies at the earliest so that they can execute these orders at the earliest. Also know that FASTER is a secure channel. So it is protected. It is tougher to act. Now aspirants may have a question. What is the need for such a system? See currently the important code documents reach the law enforcement authorities very late. So it affects the person who are imprisoned. Let me give you additional information. See in prison there are three inmates. Prison has three kinds of inmates. They are convicts, undertrials and detainees. These are the three kind of prisoners found in prison. First who is a convict? A convict is a person who has been found guilty of a crime and has been sentenced by a court of law. So a guilty person who is tried by the court and has been sentenced by the court is a convict. This person serves a sentence in prison. Now let us move to undertrial. Undertrial is a person who is currently on trial in a court of law. See the undertrial person has not been found guilty but he is undergoing or he or she is undergoing trial in a court of law. So this person is called undertrial. This person has not been found guilty yet and that person is currently undergoing trial in a court of law. Now moving on to the next category, detainees. See detainee is any person who is held lawfully in custody may be for interrogation. The trial of a detainee has not started it. This person is held in the prison for interrogation. So these are the three categories of prisoners, convicts, undertrials and detainees. Why did I discuss the three categories of prisoners? See when we take undertrials and detainees they may be provided bail but according to the current system this person will be released on bail only after receiving the certified physical or art copies by the authorities. The prison authorities require certified physical copy only after receiving the certified physical copy they will release the undertrial or the detainee. But as I already said there is a delay in delivery of documents. In this current procedure the physical copies reach the authorities very late. So because of this the detainees and undertrials wait behind bars for several days. The court has given them bail but in spite of that bail because of the delay in document delivery they wait behind the bars for several days. So it affects the prisoners, it affects their psychological state. This delay postponed the release of inmate on bail. So it hinders the fundamental rights of life, dignity and personal liberty of an individual. These rights are granted by our constitution and by delaying the document delivery we are hindering the fundamental rights of life, dignity and personal liberty. Very very important point these points can be used as value addition. So in order to address this situation Supreme Court of India has introduced FASTER. The FASTER is designed using modern information and communication technology tools. So it ensures faster delivery of documents. But there is one problem currently most of the prisons in India lack internet facilities. So there may be delay in implementing this technology. This is one setback which can be faced by this system. So these are the important points regarding FASTER. In this discussion we saw about FASTER, the purpose of FASTER and the benefits of FASTER and finally we discussed the drawbacks in implementing FASTER. Very important topic from the film's perspective. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Now look at this article. This article is regarding dedicated freight corridors. So in this context we will be discussing dedicated freight corridors. See dedicated freight corridors is also called as DFC. See what is freight? Freight are goods which are transported in bulk. So to put it in simple words they are cargo, okay? Goods and cargo. These are called as freight. Now coming back to DFC that is dedicated freight corridor. See dedicated freight corridor is a corridor which creates a safe and efficient cargo freight transportation system in our country. To put it in simple words it is a dedicated rail lines for the transportation of goods. These rail lines will be only transporting goods. This is why it is called as dedicated freight corridors. These railway lines will only transport goods. See currently two dedicated freight corridors are being constructed. They are western DFC and eastern DFC. The western DFC connects Ariana and Maharashtra. The eastern DFC connects Punjab and West Bengal. Both these freight corridors are under construction. Now let us see them in detail. I will look at this map. This map has both eastern and western dedicated freight corridors. First let us see about eastern dedicated freight corridors, EDFC. I will look at this map. We can see eastern dedicated freight corridors starts from Ludhiana in Punjab and ensign Dankune in West Bengal. So it covers the state of Punjab, Ariana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. See this route is very important because this route has a lot of coal mines, thermal power plants and industrial cities. So this dedicated freight corridor will connect these coal mines, thermal power plants and industrial cities. This is the major significance of eastern dedicated freight corridor. Another important point is the World Bank is funding this corridor. It is majorly funded by World Bank. Now let us move on to western dedicated freight corridor, WDFC. See this dedicated corridor is around 1500 kilometers. It starts from Dadri in Uttar Pradesh and it ends in Jawaharlal Nehru Port trust in Mumbai. You can see this in the map. We can also observe that this corridor touches all the major ports along the way. This is why this corridor is very important. See WDFC covers the states of Ariana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. Another important point is WDFC is funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Let me repeat, Japan International Cooperation Agency. The eastern one was funded by World Bank. The western one is funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Remember this major difference. See there is also a link which connects eastern and western home of this dedicated corridor. This link is under construction between Dadri and Kurja. This link will connect the western dedicated corridor with the eastern dedicated freight corridor. So these are the two corridors under construction. See besides these two corridors, a government is also planning other corridors. For example, north-south corridor. The north-south corridor will connect Delhi and Tamil Nadu. Next is east-west corridor. East-west corridor will connect West Bengal with Maharashtra. Next one is east-south corridor. It will connect West Bengal with Andhra Pradesh. And finally, south-south corridor. This will connect Tamil Nadu with Goa. So these are the other corridors which are being planned by a government. They are not under construction. They are only at the planning stage. Maybe the eastern and western dedicated freight corridors are now under construction. Now aspirants may have a question. Why do we need these corridors? We already have a lot of railway lines. Then why do we need these dedicated corridors? See currently freight trains do not get priority. Our government is favoring passenger trains. The goods or freight trains do not get priority in transportation. So because of this lack of priority, there is delay in transport of goods and perishables. So it adds to the logistic cost. So when these dedicated freight corridors are completed, almost 70% of the freight trains will be transferred to these dedicated corridors. So it will help in timely movement of cargoes. It will reduce the delay in transport of goods and perishables. It will bring down the logistics cost. This is the main reason why dedicated freight corridors are introduced by our government. See our government is also planning to allow private containers in dedicated freight corridors. The private trains or private containers will use these dedicated freight corridors. They will transport their goods in a timely manner. It will help in improvement of our country. And they will also pay the track usage charges. In order to use the dedicated freight corridors, they will pay the government. So our government will also get revenue. It's a win-win situation. It will increase the transportation of goods and it will also generate revenue for the government. This is a future plan of our government. Planning to introduce private containers in dedicated freight corridors. So these are the important points regarding dedicated freight corridors, DFC. So with this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw what is DFC, we discussed about East End DFC, we discussed about West End DFC and we also discussed about DFC, which are in the planning stage. And finally we discussed the need for dedicated freight corridors. I hope aspirants can follow. Now let us move on to the next topic. Now look at this editorial. This editorial is regarding e-governance in government departments. So in this context, let us know about e-governance and the important points in this article. Very, very important topic from Maine's perspective. The syllabus relevant to this article is displayed on the screen. Interested aspirants can go through it. First let us start with e-governance. See according to NCRP, e-governance is the application of information and communication technologies to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational and transactional exchanges. If you can try to memorize this definition, you can use it as a value addition in your Maine's answer. These kind of definitions will differentiate your answer. It will boost your score. Now coming back to discussion. See in simple words, e-governance is a use of information and communication technologies for betterment of governance procedures. We are using advanced technologies for the betterment of governance procedure. The e in e-governance stands for electronics. So we are using electronics for giving better governance. This is simple definition of e-governance. Now aspirants may have a question. Why should we adopt e-governance? What are the advantages? Let us discuss the advantages of e-governance. First advantage is inclusive governance. See when e-governance happens, governance will be in the doorstep of every individual. A citizen can access the governance services anywhere and anytime. Also the citizen can give suggestions which will increase their role in decision making. So it will play a huge role in inclusive governance. Next important advantage. Now moving on to the second advantage. Easy and quick implementation. See with e-governance, paperwork has become so simple. With e-governance, there will be good flow of information between all government agencies and department. This will build one mega database. So this will lead to easy and quick implementation of policies and programs. For example, take Andhra Pradesh. In Andhra Pradesh, urban local bodies employs. They have reported saving an average of 11 hours every week after digital system was adopted. So it increases efficiency. See in addition to this, with e-governance, the government decisions and policies will reach citizens very easily. This is because e-government gives every citizen access to information. So with this, the policies and decisions will reach across every citizen in an easy manner. Now moving on to the next big advantage. Eye-operational efficiency. See what matters a lot to citizen is the efficiency of the service being provided. You want efficient services. This is the new norm of the day. Efficient services. With the fast-paced world, our citizens are demanding more from public services. They want efficient services. So through e-governance, we can establish a centralized point of communication. With this centralized point of communication, government can achieve eye-operational efficiency. So this is another big advantage of e-governance, eye-operational efficiency. Now moving on to the next advantage. Eye level of trust on government. See for any government to survive, winning the trust of majority of the citizen is very important. Only when the government has trust of citizen, it can survive or it can keep control and maintain control on the citizen. With lack of trust, it will lead to anarchy. So maintaining trust with the citizen is very important. With e-governance, the trust of citizens has increased. This is because with e-governance, we are bringing transparency and accountability. With increasing transparency and accountability, the trust of citizen has increased. Let me explain this with an example. See with e-governance, every citizen can access the information. For example, take a citizen is asking for registration of a topic. He tries to register for a scheme. He applies it online. With e-governance, that person can track the status of the application. Whereas in previous non-online situation, that is before e-governance, the applicant will not know the status of the application. He will not know whether there is a delay in the application, whether the application has been denied. So that person will be in the shadow. It will reduce the trust. But with e-governance, right now we can check the status of the application. He can access the application, the status of the application in the real time. So the trust of citizen has increased. The mistrust which the citizen had during the non-online situation has decreased. So this is another major advantage of e-governance. High level of trust on government. See these points are very important. You can use it as value addition in your main sensor. Now moving on to the next advantage. E-governance reduces cost of running a government. It is cost efficient. Let me explain this with an example. See imagine a scenario where a government wants to seek a public opinion on an issue. There is some issue going on and governments wants to seek a public opinion. What can government do with the e-governance system? The government can take a survey and it can get the opinion of the people in a very fast and extremely cost efficient manner. It can do it in the online mode. So this is how we save cost. Previously the government has to print a lot of pamphlets, a lot of papers, it has to go to the field, it has to issue the questionnaire and it has to get the feedback. So it is not a cost efficient process. But right now with e-governance we can take a survey and get the opinion of the people in a very fast and extremely cost efficient manner. So this is another major advantage. E-governance reduces cost of running a government. It is cost efficient. So these are the important advantages of e-governance. It saves resources, it saves effort and it is cost efficient. And it also increases the service quality and it reduces the time spent in government departments. So these are some of the important advantages regarding e-governance. It is very important from main exam point of view. Make sure you make a mind map. E-governance advantages 5-6 points. So when you get a question in this area you can just write it, you can save time and you can boost your score. Let me give you another value addition. As we all know about ARC report 2 right, Administrative Reform Commission report. The second report is very important. In that second report, goal of e-governance adopted in India has been given. These are the goals, better service delivery to citizens, ushering in transparency and accountability, empowering people through information, improved efficiency within governments. And finally, improve interface with business and industry. These are the five goals given in ARC report. Make sure you use this point as value addition in your main answer. ARC report, points are very important in mains. They will differentiate your answer, they will boost your score. So make sure you make note of it. So with this we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion we saw about e-governance, what is e-governance, the advantages of e-governance, what are the advantages, inclusive governance, easy and quick implementation, high operational efficiency, high level of trust on government and finally reduces cost of running a government. After discussing the advantages, we saw about the goal of e-governance, which is given in administrative reforms commission report to be precise the second report. Very important topic from mains perspective. I hope this discussion will be beneficial. Now moving on to the next topic. Now let us take up this editorial article. This article is about DC surveillance system. So with this idea in mind, let us go into our discussion. The syllabus covered by this editorial is highlighted below for your reference. Your aspirants can go through it. Now let us discuss about DC surveillance system in India. See as the name clearly says, DC surveillance means we are monitoring the diseases. By monitoring the diseases, we are trying to prevent the outbreak of diseases. This is DC surveillance. So let us understand the evolution of DC surveillance in India, how this system emerged in India. So to understand the system, we should go back to 1988. In 1988, Delhi witnessed a major cholera outbreak. After that, we should also go to 1994. In 1994, Surat witnessed major plague outbreak. These two outbreaks were the reason behind the DC surveillance in India. Because of these two outbreaks, we launched a program called national surveillance program for communicable disease in 1997. This is the first program for DC surveillance in India. With this system, we try to monitor the diseases and we try to prevent a major outbreak. But it is important to know that this program wasn't successful. This is because this program was in basic form. It was a bit amateurish. So this program wasn't successful. It didn't prevent outbreak of major diseases. For example, take the year 2004. In 2004, there was SARS outbreak in India. So this program failed. So the government finally launched a new program called Integrated DC Surveillance Project, IDSP, Integrated DC Surveillance Project. This project was launched in place of national surveillance program for communicable diseases. I hope aspirants can follow. See, IDSP, that is Integrated DC Surveillance Project, did better than the previous program. It was successful. This is because this project had better government funding. The funding for this project was increased by the government. In addition to that, the laboratory capacity under this project was also strengthened. In addition to that, health workforce were also better trained. Because of this program, our government appointed at least one disease expert in every Indian district. So because of these reasons, this project was successful. It did better than the previous program. So these are the basic information regarding the evolution of disease surveillance in India. These points are given in this editorial. Now let us discuss about the performance of disease surveillance system in India. See, as I already said, disease surveillance system is very important in preventing disease outbreak. But when we take India, disease surveillance system is not uniform. There is wide variation in India. The disease surveillance system in India is found to perform variably between different states. This is the first important point highlighted in this editorial. This editorial also gives an example. See, take the state of Kerala. In Kerala, during the recent COVID pandemic, the disease surveillance system of Kerala has detected one out of six infection. So one out of six infection during the COVID pandemic was detected by the disease surveillance system of Kerala. I hope aspirants can follow. Similarly, take Uttar Pradesh and BR. In Uttar Pradesh and BR, only one out of 100 infection, look at the ratio, only one out of the 100 infection was detected by the disease surveillance system of Uttar Pradesh and BR. Kerala is one out of six, whereas in Uttar Pradesh and BR, it is one out of 100. So we can see the wide variability in performance. Kerala disease surveillance is efficient, whereas Uttar Pradesh and BR are struggling. So this shows that in India, there is weak disease surveillance system. We should be equipped better. So how can we mitigate this challenge? How can we improve the disease surveillance system in India? Very, very important topic. The first important point, better allocation of resources. But the state governments and union government should allocate more resources for preventive and promotive health services. In addition to preventive and promotive health services, more resources should be allocated for disease surveillance as well. This is the first important point given in this editorial. Just remember this, more allocation of resources. Now moving on to the next point. The next point is regarding the workforce in the primary health care system. According to the author of the editorial, we should retrain the workforce in the primary health care system. We should retrain them in disease surveillance and public health actions. So this is another important mitigation measure given in this editorial. Retraining of workforce in primary health care system. Now moving on to the next point. The next point is regarding the laboratories. According to this editorial, we should increase the laboratory capacity in India. We should plan the laboratories better. We should increase the testing abilities of laboratories. So remember this point. Increase the laboratory capacity. Okay, now moving on to the next point. See the next point is regarding one health. According to the author, one health approach should be promoted in India. It should be made functional at the ground level. By promoting the concept of one health, we can prevent the outbreak of zoonotic diseases like Nipah virus and avian flu. So remember this point, one health. Now moving on to the next important measure. See according to the author, civil registration and vital statistics system should be strengthened. In addition to that, medical certification of the cause of death should also be ardently followed. Let me repeat, civil registration and vital statistics system should be strengthened. Civil certification of cause of death should also be strictly followed. This is the fifth important measure given by the author of the editorial. Now moving on to the final mitigation measure. The most important one. See different state governments and municipal corporations should effectively coordinate between one other to develop joint action plan. In addition to that, the state governments and municipal corporation should take responsibility for public health and disease surveillance. This is the final important mitigation measure given in this editorial. Coordination among state governments and municipal corporation to develop joint action plan. So it will increase the coordination among these bodies. We can detect the diseases better. So these are the important points given in this editorial. In this editorial, we saw about disease surveillance system, how it evolved in India. We saw about national surveillance program for communicable diseases. We saw about integrated disease surveillance project. And we discussed about the problems in Indian disease surveillance system. And finally, we discussed the mitigation measures. What are the mitigation measures? More allocation of resources, retraining of workforce, increasing the capacities of laboratories, approach one health concept, strengthening of civil registration and vital statistics systems, increasing coordination among state governments and municipal corporations to develop joint action plan. So these are the important points given in this editorial. Now let us move on to the next topic. Now take a look at this article. This article is regarding NFRA. See NFRA stands for National Financial Reporting Authority. The article in this news talks about National Financial Reporting Authority. See the news in this article is not important. It is not relevant to our civil service preparation. But let us learn about NFRA. It is relevant because in prelims, you can expect questions from the organization and bodies in the news. So in the context of prelims, let us see some important facts relevant to National Financial Reporting Authority. We are approaching this topic from prelims perspective. Okay. As I already said, NFRA stands for National Financial Reporting Authority. It was constituted on 1st October 2018. So it was a recent organization. This few years back, 1st October 2018. Now let us come to the most important point. See NFRA was set up by the government of India under subsection 1 of section 132 of Companies Act 2013. So remember this point. Section 132 of the Companies Act 2013. So under this act, this body was set up. Now next very important point, the National Financial Reporting Authority is under the purview of Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Very very important point because in prelims, you can expect questions regarding the ministries. So remember, Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Now let us discuss the functions and duties of NFRA. The first important function, NFRA recommends accounting and auditing policies and standards to the companies. These recommended accounting and auditing policies and standards should be adopted by companies for approval by the central government. So this is the first important function of NFRA. Recommendation of accounting and auditing policies and standards which should be adopted by companies. Now moving on to the next function. See NFRA monitors and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards. So the next function is regarding monitoring and enforcing complaints. Okay. And moving on to the next important function. See NFRA oversees the quality of service of the professions associated by ensuring the complaints with standards. Let me repeat, NFRA oversees the quality of service of the professions associated by ensuring the complaints with standards. So this is another important function performed by NFRA. It ensures the quality of service of the professions associated with auditing standards. Now moving on to the next important function. NFRA suggests measures for the improvement in the quality of service. And finally, it also performs other functions and duties which may be necessary to the above mentioned functions and duties. So in order to aid the other functions, it can also perform other functions and duties. I hope aspirants can form. Let me repeat the functions and duties. Monitoring, accounting, and auditing policies and standards to be adopted by companies. Monitoring and enforcing complaints with accounting standards and auditing standards. Oversees the quality of service of the profession associated by ensuring complaints with standards. Suggest measures for the improvement in the quality of service. And finally performs other functions which may be needed to exude the mentioned functions. Now let us discuss about the companies and bodies which are governed by NFRA. Its kind of companies and corporates come under the purview of NFRA. See companies whose securities are listed on any stock exchange in India or outside India is under the governance of NFRA. So if a company has a stock in Indian stock market or any other foreign country stock market, then it automatically comes under the governance of NFRA. So these kind of companies are called as listed companies. If a company has stock in stock market then that company is called as listed companies. Now moving on to the unlisted companies. Companies whose stock are not listed in the stock market. When it comes to unlisted public companies, if the company has a paid up capital of not less than 500 crores, it is under the governance of NFRA. This is the first condition. Paid up capital of not less than 500 crores. Or otherwise annual turnover of not less than 1000 crores. So if unlisted public company has annual turnover of not less than 1000 crores, it is under the governance of NFRA. There is also another condition. If the unlisted public company has outstanding loans, debentures and deposit of not less than 500 crores as on 31st March, then the company comes under the governance of NFRA. This is the 31st March of the immediately preceding financial year. So if a public unlisted company has outstanding loans, debentures and deposit of not less than 500 crores as on 31st March of immediately preceding financial year, then that company comes under the governance of NFRA. I know these statements are tough to remember. Just go through it. By chance, if they mention a statement in problems, you can eliminate the statement. Do not memorize these facts. Just try to scan it. Get it into your subconscious mind. So these kind of companies and corporates come under the governance of NFRA. Let me repeat. Any company which is listed on any stock exchange inside India and outside India comes under the governance of NFRA. When it comes to unlisted public companies, there are many criteria. Paid up capital of not less than 500 crores. Annual turnover of not less than 1000 crores. Paying loans, debentures and deposits of not less than 500 crores. These unlisted public companies come under the purview of NFRA. So these are the important points related to NFRA. Now let us move on to the next part of our discussion. Now let us practice some prelims questions. The first question. The fastest system recently introduced by Supreme Court is related to A. Adjudication of cases through video conferencing. B. Transmission of e-authenticated copies of court records. C. E-filing and tracking cases online. D. A nationwide fingerprint database of criminals. See from the discussion we know the correct answer is option B. Faster system is related to transmission of e-authenticated copies of court records. Correct answer is option B. Now moving on to the next question. Second question. The national financial reporting authority comes under the purview of which ministry? This question is very important because these kind of questions have high chance of being asked in problems. The options are A. Ministry of Home Affairs, B. Ministry of Corporate Affairs, C. Ministry of Finance, D. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. See from the discussion we know the correct answer is B. Ministry of Corporate Affairs. The national financial reporting authority comes under the purview of Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Remember it was created under the Companies Act 2013 and it comes under the purview of Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Now moving on to the next question. Third question. According to Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor, consider the following statements. 1. It connects Punjab and West Bengal. 2. It passes through UP and BR. 3. It is being funded by World Bank. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 only. B. 1 and 2 only. C. 2 and 3 only. D. 1, 2 and 3. See all the given statements are correct. Have a look at this map. You can understand. We can see the Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor connecting Punjab and West Bengal. It passes through UP and BR. From the discussion we know it is funded by World Bank. Whereas Western Dedicated Freight Corridor is funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Ok. So all the statements are correct. The answer is D. 1, 2 and 3. Ains practice questions are displayed on the screen. Interest or aspirants can write the answer and post in the comment section below. If you like this video click like. If you want to post a comment, post a comment in the comment section below. And don't forget to subscribe to Shankana IS Economic Channel. Thank you.